norm 
2. In /'/., 11 typical structural unit: n type. 
Every living creature is formed In an egg, and grows up 
according t" a pattern and a mode of development com- 
mon to its type, and of these embryonic nunnx there are 
but four. Ayauiz. 
norma (nor'mjl), n. ; pi. nornia- (-me). [L. : see 
norm.] 1. A rule, measure, or norm. 
There is no uniformity, no nnmui, principle, or rule, 
perceivable In the distribution of the primeval natural 
a^'ciitc through the universe. J. S. Mill. 
2. A square for measuring right angles, used 
by carpenters, masons, and other artificers to 
make their work rectangular. 3. A pattern ; 
a gage; a templet; a model. K. ff. Knight. 
4. [fj>.] The Square, a small southern con- 
stellation, introduced by Lacaille in the middle 
of the eighteenth century, between Vulpes and 
Ara. It was at first called Norma / 1 m/nln , 
but the name is now abridged.- Norma verti- 
calis, a line drawn from above perpendicular to the hori- 
zontal plane of the skull. 
normal (nor'mal), a. and n. [= F. Sp. Pg. nor- 
mal = It. iKiniiitlc, < lj. iiiiriuiilis, according to 
the carpenters' square or rule, < norma, a car- 
penters' square, a rule, a pattern: see norm.] 
1. a. 1. According to a rule, principle, or norm; 
conforming to established law, order, habit, or 
usage ; conforming with a certain type or stan- 
dard ; not abnormal ; regular ; natural. 
The deviations from the normal type or decasyllabic line 
would not justify us in concluding that it [rhythmical 
cadence] was disregarded. Hallam. 
(ilass affords us an Instance in which the dispersion of 
colour thus obtained is norntal that is, in the order of 
wave-lengths. -/. N. Loclcyer, Spect. Anal., p. 32. 
Headship of the conquering chief has been a normal 
accompaniment of that political integration without which 
any high degree of social evolution would probably have 
been impossible. II. Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., t 482. 
2. Serving to fix a standard; intended to set 
the standard: as, a normal school (see below). 
3. In music, standard or typical: as, norwafpitch 
or tone, a pitch or tone of absolute acoustical 
value, which is used as a standard of compari- 
son. Seefcey 1 , 7, &ml natural key (under A'eyi). 
4. In geom., perpendicular: noting the position 
of a straight line drawn at right angles to the 
tangent-line of a curve, or to the tangent-plane 
of a surface, at the point of contact. The section 
of a surface by a plane containing a normal drawn from any 
point is called the normal section at that point. Dia- 
pason normal See diapason. Normal angle, in 
crystal., the angle between the normals to or poles of two 
planes of a crystal. It is the supplement of the actual in- 
ter (m-hil angle. Normal equation, function, pitch, 
price, etc. See the nouns. Normal school, a school In 
which teachers are instructed in the principles of their 
profession and trained in the practice of it ; a training-col- 
lege for teachers. = 8jTO. 1. Regular, Ordinary, Normal. 
That which is regular conforms to rule or habit, and Is op- 
posed to that which is irregular, fitful, or exceptional. 
That which is ordinary Is of the usual sort and excites no 
surprise ; it is opposed to the uncommon or the extra- 
ordinary. That which is normal conforms or may be figur- 
atively viewed as conforming to nature or the principles 
of its own constitution : as, the normal action of the heart ; 
the normal operation of social influences ; the normal state 
of the market. 
II. ". In geom., a perpendicular; the straight 
line drawn from any point in a curve in its 
plane at right angles to the tangent at that 
point; or the straight line drawn from any 
point in a surface at right angles to the tan- 
gent-plane at that point. See cut under bino- 
mial. 
normalcy (ndr'mal-si), . [< normal + -cy.] 
In geom., the state or fact of being normal. 
[Rare.] 
The co-ordinates of the point of contact, and normalcy. 
Daviel and Peck, Math. Diet. (Encvc. Diet.) 
Normales (nor-ma'lez), n. pi. [NL., pi. of L. 
nnrnialiii. normal: seenormal.] 1. In Garrod's 
and Forbes's classification of birds, a division of 
Passeres including all Oxcim-s or Acromyoili ex- 
cepting the genera Atrichia and Mrnnra, which 
are Abnormales. Q. One of several groups of 
macrurous crustaceans, exhibiting normal or 
typical structural characteristics. 
normality (nor-mal'i-ti), n. [< normal + -ity.] 
1. The character or" state of being normal, or 
in accord with a rule or standard. 
In a condition of positive normality or rightfulncss. 
Poe, Works (ed. 1864), II. 153. 
2. In geom., the property of being normal; 
nornial<-\ . 
normalization (nor'mal-i-zii'shon), H. [< iior- 
miil + -i-.'ii/inn.] Tlie ai-t or process of making 
normal : in /'/.. any process by which modified 
or morphologically abnormal forms and rela- 
tions may be reduced, either actually or ideally, 
to their KnOWD primitive mid presumed normal 
conditions; morphological rectification. 
4017 
normalize (nAr'mal-iz), r. t.\ pret. and pp. 
iitiriiiitlizril, ppr. nornuiliciii//. [< normal + -ire.] 
To render normal ; reduce to a standard ; cause 
to conform to a standard. 
For reasons which will appear In the preface, a normal- 
ized text, differing from any yet In use among K o. |Penn- 
nylvanla German) writers, has been adopted. 
Amer. Jour, rkilol., IX. 179. 
normally (ndr'mal-i), ailc. 1. As a rule; reg- 
ularly ; according to a rule.general custom, etc. 
Mucous surfaces, normally kept covered, become skin- 
like If exposed to the air. //. Spencer, Prin. of Biol., 1 206. 
2. In a normal manner; having the usual form, 
position, etc.: as, organs normally situated. 
Norman 1 (ndr'man), n. and a. [< ME. Norman 
= I). Noorman == G. Normanne, < OF. Norman, 
Normand, < Dan. Normand = Sw. Non-man = 
Icel. Northmadhr, Northman: see Northman.] 
1. n. 1. An inhabitant of Normandy, a duchy 
and later a province of northern France bor- 
dering on the English Channel; a member of 
that branch of the Northmen or Scandinavians 
who in the beginning of the tenth century 
settled in northern France and founded the 
duchy of Normandy. They adopted to a large extent 
the customs and language of the French. In the eleventh 
century their duke conquered England (see Xorman Con- 
quest), and about the same time Norman adventurers es- 
tablished themselves In southern Italy and Sicily. Since 
the reign of John (1199-1216) the duchy of Normandy has 
been, except for a short period, a part of France. 
The Norman, with the softened form of his name, is dis- 
tinguished from the Northman by his adoption of the 
French language and the Christian religion. 
B. A. Freeman, in Encyc. Brit, XVII. 540. 
2. Same as Norman French (which see, below). 
EC. a. Of or pertaining to Normandy or the 
Normans. Norman architecture, a round-arched 
style of medieval architecture, a variety of the Roman- 
esque, Introduced before the Norman Conquest from Nor- 
mandy into Great Britain, where it prevailed after the 
Conquest until the end of the twelfth century. The 
general character of this style is a massive and rugged 
simplicity, not destitute of studied proportion, and often 
3P*3S&-~ 
*Ktti.^;*h*- 
.VWO-- - 
Norman Porch and Stairway in the close of Canterbury Cathedral. 
England. 
with tin 1 grandeur attendant upon great size and solid- 
ity. The more specific characteristics are churches 
cruciform with npse and apsidal chapels, and a great 
tower rising from the Intersection of nave and transept ; 
vaults, plain and semi-cylindrical; doorways, the glory 
of the style, deeply recessed, often with rich moldings, 
covered with surface sculpture, sometimes continuous 
around both Jamb and arch, but more usually spring- 
ing from a series of shafts, with plain or enriched capitals ; 
windows small, round-headed, placed high in the wall, and 
opening inward with a wide splay ; piers massive, cylin- 
drical, octagonal, square, or with engaged shaft* ; capitals 
cushion-, bell-, or lily-shaped, sometimes plain, more fre- 
quently sculptured in fanciful forms or in a reminiscence 
of the Corinthian or Ionic ; buttresses broad, with but 
small projection ; walls frequently decorated with bands 
of arcades of which the arches are single or Interlaced. 
Toward the close of the twelfth century the style became 
much modified. The arches began to assume the pointed 
form ; thevanlta to be groined or formed by the intersect inn 
of two subsidiary vaults at right angles ; the piers, walls, 
etc., to become less heavy ; the towers to be developed 
Into spires ; and the style, having assumed in every partic- 
ular a more delicate and refined character, passed gradu- 
ally into a new style, tin early Pointed. Besides ecclesias- 
tical buildings, the Normans reared many noble and pow- 
erful fortresses ;tn<l rnvtrlluted structures, the best remain- 
ing specimen of which in England is the White Tower or 
Keep of the Tower of London. Norman Conquest, or 
simply the Conqufxt. in A*V'/. hixt.. the nmnuest f England 
by \villi;un, Duke of Normandy (William the < 'nmiueror). 
It was begun by and is usually dated from his victory at 
Senlac (Hastings) in 1066. The leading results were the 
nortelry 
downfall of the native English dynasty, the union of Eng- 
land, NomiKiitiy, etc., for a time un<i-r "lie ^tveieiyri ;m<t 
the Introduction into l:ni;hindf \.,nji:iM-r n m li ciistcmm, 
language, etc. Norman embroidery, a i"'l "' > inbrnl- 
dery consisting < <,.,!. c,rk which Is picked 
heightened by other embroidery stitches. lh<-t ,< \ ./', 
if>rk. Norman French, a form of French spoken by the 
Normans, which became upon the Conquest the official 
language of the court and of legal procedure, undergoing 
In England a further development (Anglo-French), until 
its final absorption in English (Bee BnffUtk, t.) Norman 
French was the language of legal procedure until the reign 
of IMwardlll. Many isolated phrases and formulas In this 
language (Law French) remain unassimllated In archaic 
use. Norman thrush. See thrush. 
norman'-' (nor'man), . [Origin obscure.) 
\iint.: (a) A short, heavy iron pin put into a 
hole in the windlass or bitts, to keep the chain- 
cable in place while veering. (6) A pin through 
the rudder-head. 
Normandy cress. See cress. 
Normanize (n6r'man-iz), v. t.; pret. and pp. Nor- 
iiui/iized, ppr. Normanizing. [< Gorman 1 + 
-i>.] To make Norman or like the Normann: 
give a Norman character to. 
Had the Xormaniang schemes of the Confessor been 
carried out, the ancient freedom would have been under- 
mined rather than overthrown. Encyc. Brit., VIII. Z88. 
normative (n6r'ma-tiv), n. [< L. normare, pp. 
normatus, set by tie square, <^ norma, a square, 
norm: see norm.] Establishing or setting up 
a norm, or standard which ought to be con- 
formed to. 
The third assumption Is that there are normative laws of 
reason, through which all that is real is knowable, and 
all that is willed is good. 
0. S. Hall, German Culture, p. 188. 
This [Priestly I Code, Incorporated in the Pentateuch and 
forming the normatiee part of Its legislation, became the 
definitive Mosaic law. Kncyc. BriL, XVIII. 514. 
There can be no doubt that logic, conceived as the nor- 
motive science of subjective thought, has a place and func- 
tion of its own. Contemporary Jiev., XLIX. 444. 
Normative law. See tewi. 
norn't, nurnt, r. [ME. nornen, nurnen, < AS. 
gnorman, gnornan, also grornian (= OS. gnom- 
on, grornon, gornon), mourn,grieve,be sad.com- 
plam, lament; cf. gnorn, also grorn, sadness, 
sorrow, gnorn, sad, sorrowful, gnornung, gror- 
n mill, mourning, lamentation. The form of the 
root is uncertain. For the development of the 
later senses (for which no other explanation 
appears), cf. mean*, 'moan,' 'complain,' also 
'speak,' 'tell,' a var. of moan 1 .'] I. intrants. To 
murmur; complain. 
Ande ther thay dronken, & dalteu, .V demed eft nwe, 
To norne on the same note, on nwejercz eueu. 
Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), I. 1669. 
II. tranx. 1. To say; speak; tell. 
Another nayed also & nurned this cawse. 
Alliterative Poem* (ed. Morris), II. 85. 
2. To call. 
How norns 30 yowre rygt nome, & thenne no more? 
Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (E. K. T. 8.), 1. 2443. 
Norn 2 (ndrn), n. [= G. Norne (NL. Norna) ; < 
Icel. norn = 8w. nornn = Dan. norne, a Norn 
(see def.).] In Stand, myth., one of the three 
Fates, whose decrees were irrevocable. They 
were represented as three young women, named respec- 
tively Urd, Verdande, and Skuld. There were numerous 
inferior Norns, every individual having one who deter- 
mined his fate. 
Norremberg doubler. See doublet. 
Norroy (nor'oi), >i. [< AF. norroy,<. nord, north, 
+ roy, rot, king : see roy.] The title of the third 
of the three English kings-at-arms. whose juris- 
diction lies to the north of the Trent. See king- 
at-arms. 
norryt, A variant of nurry. 
Norse (n6rs), a. and . [A reduced form of 
"Norsk, < Icel. Norskr = Norw. Sw. Dan. Norsk, 
Norwegian or Icelandic, lit. (like Sw.Dan. nor- 
disk = G. nordixch = D. noordscn), of the north, 
< nordhr, north, + -skr = E. -ish: see north and 
-fa* 1 .] I. a. Of or pertaining to the North 
that is, to Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, 
and their dependencies, including Iceland, etc., 
comprehended under the name of Scandinavia ; 
pertaining to the language of Scandinavia. 
II. ii. The language of the North that is, of 
Norway, Iceland, etc. Specifically (a) Old Norwe- 
gian, practically identical with Old Icelandic, and called 
especially Old .Vorw. Old Icelandic, generally called, as 
in this dictionary, simply Icelandic, except when distin- 
guished from modem Icelandic, represent* the ancient 
Scandinavian tongue, (b) Old Norwegian, as distinguish- 
ed in some particulars from the language as developed In 
Iceland, (c) Modern Norwegian. 
Norseman (ndrs'man), .; pi. Norsemen (-men). 
A native of ancient Scandinavia ; a Northman. 
nortelryt, . [ME.: see nurtury.] Education: 
culture. 
Hlr nortelrie 
That she hadde lerned In the nonnerie. 
Chaucer, Reeve's Tale, 1. 47. 
