obj. 
It. uhhiettare, objettare, < L. objccturc, throw be- 
fore or against, set against, oppose, throw up, 
reproach with, accuse of, freq. of objicere, obi- 
cere, throw before or against, hold out before, 
present, offer, set against, oppose, throw up, re- 
proach with, etc., < ob, before, against, +jacere, 
throw: aeojeft. Of. abject, conject, deject, eject, 
inject, project, reject, etc.] I. trans. If. To 
throw or place in the way; oppose; interpose. 
Eke southwarde stande it, colde 
llliisii-s sumthyng object eke from hem liolde. 
Palladim. Husbondrie (E. E. T. 8.), p. 131. 
He ever murmurs, and objects his pains, 
And says the weight of all lies upon him. 
B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1. 
Pallas to their eyes 
The mist objected, and condens'd the skies. 
Pope, Odyssey, vii. 54. 
2f. To throw or place before the view; set clear- 
ly in view ; present ; expose. 
The qualities of bodies that ben objecte fro withow te forth. 
Chaucer, Boethius, v. prose 5. 
Is she a woman that objects this sight? 
Chapman. 
It is a noble and just advantage that the things sub- 
jected to understanding have of those which are objected 
to sense. B. Jonson, Masque of Hymen. 
Object the sands to my more serious view, 
Make sound my bucket, bore my pump anew. 
Qumles, Emblems, iii. 11. 
Every great change, every violence of fortune, . . . puts 
us to a new trouble, requires a distinct care, creates new 
dangers, objects more temptations. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 97. 
3. To bring forward as a ground of opposition, 
of doubt, of criticism, of reproach, etc. ; state 
or urge against or in opposition to something ; 
state as an objection: frequently with to or 
against. 
All that can be obiected against this wide distance is to 
say that the eare by loosing his concord is not satisfied. 
Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 71. 
flood Master Vernon, it is well objected ; 
If I have fewest, I subscribe in silence. 
Shalt., 1 Hen. VI., ii. 4. 43. 
Methinks I heare some carping criticke obiect unto me 
that I do . . . play the part of a traveller. 
Curyat, Crudities, 1. 168. 
Wilt object 
His will who bounds us? Let him surer bar 
His iron gates, if he intends our stay 
In that dark durance. Milton, P. L., iv. 896. 
The Norman nobles were apt to object gluttony and 
drunkenness to the vanquished Saxons, as vices peculiar 
to their inferior strain. Scott, Ivanhoe, xiv. 
II. intraHg. To offer or make opposition in 
words or arguments; offer reasons against a 
proposed action or form of statement. 
Kinges mother obiected openly against his mariage, 
as it wer in discharge of her conscience. 
Sir T. More, Works, p. 60. 
Whatsoever is commonly pretended against a frequent 
communion may, in its proportion, object against a solemn 
prayer. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1838), I. 314. 
Objectt (ob-jekf), [< L. objectus, pp. of ob- 
jicere, obicere, object: see object, )>.] Plainly 
presented to the senses or the mind ; in view ; 
conspicuous. 
They who are of this society have such marks and notes 
of distinction from all others as are not object unto our 
sense ; only unto God, who seeth their hearts, . . . they 
are clear and manifest. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, iii. 1. 
object (ob'jekt), . [= F. objct = Sp. objeto = 
Pg. objecto = It. obbietto, objetto, oggetto = D. G. 
Dan. Sw. objekt, < (a) L. objectum, a charge, ac- 
cusation, ML. an object, ueut. of objectus, pp.; 
(6) L. objectus, a casting before, also that which 
presents itself to the sight, an object ; < L. 06- 
jectus, pp. of objicere, obicere, throw before, cast 
before, present: see object, ;.] 1. Anything 
which is perceived, known, thought of, or sig- 
nified; that toward which a cognitive act is 
directed ; the non-ego considered as the corre- 
late of a knowing ego. By the object may be meant 
either a mere aspect of the modification of consciousness, 
or the real external thing (whether mediately or imme- 
diately perceived) which affects the senses. Opposed to 
subject. (Objectum in this sense came into use early in the 
thirteenth century. It is remarkable as not being a trans- 
lation of a Greek word.] 
As Chameleons vary with their obiect. 
So Princes manners do transform the Subiect. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 2. 
His mind is not much distracted with objects; but if a 
goode fat Cowe come in his way, he stands dumbe and as- 
touisht, and, though his haste bee neuer so great, will flxe 
here halfe an houres contemplation. 
Bp. Earle, Micro-cosmographie, A Plaine Country Fellow. 
Cognition ... is clear, when we are able definitely to 
comprehend the object as in contradistinction from others 
Veitch, Introd. to Descartes's Method, p. Ivi. 
4056 
The object, in any sense in which it has a value for know- 
ledge, must be something which in one way or other de- 
U-nnines the sensations referred to it. 
E. Crtird, Philos. of Kant, p. 283. 
The object, then, is a set of changes in my consciousness, 
and not anything out of it. 
W. K. Clifford, Lectures, II. 70. 
2. That toward which an action is directed and 
which is affected by it ; that concerning which 
an emotion or passion is excited. The correlates 
of actions, of approach, recession, attraction, repulsion, at- 
tack, and the like are termed objects : as, the object shot at. 
Those things in ourselves are the only proper objects of 
our zeal which, in others, are the unquestionable subjects 
of our praises. Bp. Sprat. 
Well, well, pity him as much as you please ; but give 
your heart and hand to a worthier object. 
Sheridan, School for Scandal, iii. 1. 
Other allegorists [besides Bunyan] have shown equal 
ingenuity, but no other allegorist has ever been able to 
touch the heart, and to make abstractions objects of terror, 
of pity, and of love. Macavlay, Hist. Eng., vii. 
I say, such love is never blind ; but rather 
Alive to every the minutest spot 
Which mars its object. Browning, Paracelsus. 
The object of desire is in a sense never fully realised, 
since, however great the pleasure, the mind can still de- 
sire an increase or at least a prolongation of it. 
J. Sully, Outlines of Psychol., p. 682. 
3. An idea to the realization of which action 
is directed ; purpose ; aim ; end. 
All Prayers aim at our own ends and interests, but Praise 
proceeds from the pure Motions of Love and Gratitude, 
having no other Object but the Glory of God. 
Howell, Letters, ii. 67. 
Education has for its object the formation of character. 
H. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 201. 
The first object of the true politician, as of the true pa- 
trjot, is to keep himself and his party true, and then to 
look for success ; to keep himself and his party pure, and 
then to secure victory. 
Slubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 20. 
4. A thing, especially a thing external to the 
mind, but spoken of absolutely and not as rela- 
tive to a subject or to any action. 
Think on thy Proteus, when thou haply seest 
Some rare note-worthy object in thy travels. 
SAo*., T. G. of V., i. 1. IS. 
There is no speaking of objects but by their names ; but 
the business of giving them names has always been prior 
to the true and perfect knowledge of their natures. 
BenUiam, Introd. to Morals and Legislation, xvi. 1, note. 
5. In gram.: (a) A member of the sentence, a 
substantive word or phrase or clause, imme- 
diately (that is, without the intervention of a 
preposition) dependent on a verb, as expressing 
that on which the action expressed by the verb 
is exerted. The object of a verb is either direct or in- 
direct. A direct object receives the direct action of the 
verb, and is in the accusative or objective case, so far as 
there is a distinctive form Jor that case, and a verb ad- 
mitting such an object is called transitive : as, he saw me; 
they gave a book; an indirect object represents something 
(usually) to or for which the action is performed, and so is 
in the dative case, so far as that case is distinguished (as 
only imperfectly in English) : thus, they gave her a book ; 
I made the boy a coat ; but in some languages indirect ob- 
jects of other cases occur. A direct object which repeats 
in noun form an idea involved in the verb is called a cog- 
nate object : as, I dreamed a dream; they run a race. The 
name factitive object is often given to an objective predi- 
cate. See predicate, (b) A similar member of the 
sentence dependent on a preposition, i. e. join- 
ed by a preposition to the word it limits or 
qualifies: as, he went with me; a man of spirit. 
Such an object is in English always in the accusative or 
objective case ; in other languages often in other cases, as 
genitive, dative, ablative. The object, whether of a verb 
or of a preposition, is said to be governed that is, re- 
quired to be of a particular case by the verb or preposi- 
tion. 
6f. The aspect in which a thing is presented to 
notice; sight; appearance. [Rare.] 
He, advancing close 
Up to the lake, past all the rest, arose 
In glorious object. Chapman. 
The object of our misery is as an inventory to particular- 
ize their abundance. Shak., Cor., i. 1. 21. 
7. A deformed person, or one helpless from 
bodily infirmity ; a gazing-stock. [Colloq.] 
"What!" roars Macdonald " Yon puir shaughlin' in- 
kneed scray of a thing! Would ony Christian body even 
yon bit object to a bonny sonsie weel-faured young woman 
like Miss Catline?" Loclchart, Reginald Dalton, III. 119. 
8f. An obstacle. [Bare.] 
To him that putteth not an object or let (I use the school- 
men's words) that is to say, to him that hath no actual 
purpose of deadly sin, [the sacraments] give grace, right- 
eousness, forgiveness of sins. 
Becon, Works, III. 380. (Dames.) 
Egoistical, exterior, external, first, formal, mate- 
rial, mediate, etc., object. See the adjectives. 
objectable (ob-jek'ta-bl), a. [< OF. objectable; 
as object, '., + -able.] Capable of being made 
or urged as an objection. [Bare.] 
It is as objectable against all those things which either 
native beauty or art affords. 
Jer. Taylor (?), Artif. Handsomeness, p. 145. 
objection 
objectation (ob-jek-ta'shon), . [< L. objecta- 
tio(n-), a reproach, < objcciare, reproach : see 06- 
ject.~\ Reproach or cavil; captious objection. 
AH the knotty questions of the realm are referred to us, 
and, when they are discussed in the common hearing, each 
of us, without strife or objectation, sharpens his wits to 
speak well upon them. 
Peter of Blois (.trans.), in Stubbs's Medieval and Modern 
[Hist, p. 143. 
object-finder (ob'jekt-fin'der), H. In micro- 
scopes, a device to enable the observer to fix 
the position of an object in the slide under ex- 
amination, so that he can find it again at will. 
It is especially necessary when high powers are employed. 
Various forms of finders have been devised ; one of the most 
common involves the use of a slide with horizontal and 
vertical scales, adjusted in connection with the mechani- 
cal stage. 
object-glass (ob'jekt-glas), n. In a telescope 
or microscope, the lens which first receives the 
rays of light coming directly from the object, 
and collects them into a focus, where they form 
an image which is viewed through the eyepiece. 
In the finest refracting telescopes the object-glass consists 
of an achromatic combination of lenses, formed of sub- 
stances having different dispersive powers, and of such 
figures that the aberration of the one may be corrected by 
that of the other. Ordinarily the combination consists of 
a convex lens of crown-glass and a concave lens of flint- 
glass, having focal lengths proportional to their disper- 
sive powers. There are many different forms which ful- 
fil the condition indicated, but vary in the curves of the 
lenses, their thickness, their relative position, and the dis- 
tance between them. With the ordinary crown- and flint- 
glass it is not possible to obtain perfect achromatism : with 
the new kinds of glass made at Jena a much more perfect 
correction is possible, and it is likely that as a result tele- 
scopes will soon be greatly improved, provided the glass 
can be made in pieces of sufficient size and satisfactorily 
homogeneous. See objective, n., 3, and cuts under micro- 
scope. 
Objectification (ob-jek"ti-fi-ka'shon), n. [< ob- 
jectify + -ation (see -fication).~] The act orpro- 
cess of objectifying or of making objective. 
Also objectivation. 
The diminution or increase of that which is perceived 
(of course, unreflectingly) as the area of self-assertion, or 
(if we like the phrase) as " the objectification of the will," 
is essentially and immediately connected with our own 
discomfort or pleasure. 
F. H. Bradley, Ethical Studies, p. 254. 
objectify (ob-jek'ti-fl), v. t.; pret. and pp. 06- 
jectijiea, ppr. objectifying. [< ML. objectum, an 
object, + L. -ficare, make : see object and -fy.'] 
To make objective ; present as an object ; espe- 
cially, to constitute as an object of sense ; give 
form and shape to as an external object ; ex- 
ternalize. Also objectivate, objectise. 
Because it [mind] is bound to think a coexistence or se- 
quence, it objectifies the necessity. 
Maudsley, Body and Will, p. 127. 
He may be quite innocent of a scientific theory of vision, 
but he objectijies his sensations. 
T. H. Green, Prolegomena to Ethics, 12. 
What we start with in the child is the feeling of himself 
affirmed or negated in this or that sensation ; and the next 
step ... is that the content of these feelings is objecti- 
fied in things. F. II. Bradley, Ethical Studies, p. 2S1. 
objection (ob-jek'shon), n. [= F. objection = 
Sp. objecion = Pg. objeccao = It. obbiezione, ob- 
jezione, < LL. objectio(n-), a throwing or putting 
before, a reproaching, ML. an objection, < L. 
objicere, obicere, pp. objectus, throw before, ob- 
ject: see object, v.] 1. The act of objecting or 
throwing in the way ; the act of resisting by 
words spoken or written, by or without stating 
adverse reasons or arguments, advancing criti- 
cisms, or suggesting difficulties, etc. 
Objection ! Let him object if he dare ! No, no, Mrs. 
Malaprop, Jack knows that the least demur puts me in a 
phrensy directly. Sheridan, The Rivals, i. 2. 
2. That which is interposed or presented in op- 
position ; an adverse contention, whether by or 
without stating the opinion, reason, or argu- 
ment on which it is founded: as, many objec- 
tions to that course were urged; the objections 
of the defendant were overruled. 
As for your spiteful false objections, 
Prove them, and I lie open to the law. 
Shale., 2 Hen. VI., i. 3. 168. 
Objections to my general System 
May rise perhaps ; and I have mist them. 
Prior, Alma, ii. 
He [Mr. Gladstone] has no objections, he assures us, to 
active inquiries into religious questions. 
Macaitlay, Gladstone on Church and State. 
3t. An adverse blow ; an attack. 
The parts either not armed or weakly armed were well 
known, and, according to the knowledge, should have been 
sharply visited but that the answer was as quick as the 
objections. Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, i. 
4f. Trouble ; eare ; cause of sorrow or anxiety. 
Our way is troublesome, obscure, full of objection and 
danger. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 24. 
