ocean 
ferencc In specific gravity of the two. As the result of this, 
it is funnel that tin' temperature of the uri-iin :is n nil. ,li 
mlnlshes as greater depths are attained, and thut the decp- 
er parts, where open to the general vlruulatimi, are near 
the freezing-point. A remarkahle feature of the ocean- 
water is the uniformity In the nature and quality of the 
BalU which it contains, provided the specimen has been 
taken ut considerable distance from land. The weight of 
the salts held In solution by the main ocean Is about :*4 per 
cent of thu whole ; of this about three quarters is common 
salt, one tenth rhlorid of magnesium, one twentieth sul- 
jilmtc of ni:i-Mrsi;i, about the same sulphate of lime, one 
twenty llflh chlorld of potassium, and a little over one 
percent, bromide of sodium, other substances are also 
present in smaller quantity, making in all about twenty- 
nine elements which have been detected in the ocean- 
water ; ninny of these, however, exist only In very minute 
traces. The economical value of the ocean as a source of 
supply for common salt is considerable; but the quantity 
thus obtained is not so great as that furnished by mini's of 
rock-salt or by the evaporation of brine got by boring. 
See Mill. 
Than I Ballet forth soundly on the Sea occian, 
With horn that I hade. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. 8.), 1. 13264. 
The winds, with wonder whist, 
Sm<K>thly the waters kist, 
Whispering new joys to the mild ocean, 
Who now hath quite forgot to rave, 
While birds of calm sit brooding on the charmed wave. 
Milton, Nativity, I. 66. 
Old oceans gray and melancholy waste. 
Bryant, Thanatopels. 
2. Something likened to the ocean; also, a 
great quantity : as, an ocean of trouble. 
And the plain of Mysore lay before us a vast ocean of 
foliage on which the sun was shining gloriously. 
Macaulay, in Trevelyan, I. 337. 
II. a. Of or pertaining to the main or great 
sea. 
That sea-beast 
Leviathan, which Qod of all his works 
Created hugest that swim the ocean stream. 
Milton, P. L. ,1.202. 
Some refulgent sunset of India 
Streams o'er a rich ambrosial ocean isle. 
Tennyson, Experiments, Milton. 
Ocean lane, or ocean-lane route. Same as lane-route. 
Ocean seat, the ocean. Sir T. More. Ocean trout, the 
menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus : a trade-name. 
ocean-basin (o'shan-ba/sn), n. The depres- 
sion in which the waters of the ocean, or, more 
especially, of some particular ocean, are held. 
Also oceanic basin. 
These explorations [of the Blake] mark a striking con- 
trast between the continental masses, or areas of eleva- 
tion, and the oceanic basins, or areas of depression, both 
of which must have always held to each other the same 
approximate general relation and proportion. 
.1 . .I.WKX/'-, Three Cruises of the Blake, 1. 126. 
Oceanian, Oceanican (6-she-an'i-an, -kan), a. 
[< Oceania, Oceanica (see def.), + -an."] Of or 
pertaining to Oceania, or Oceanica, a division 
of the world (according to many geographers) 
which comprises Polynesia, Micronesia, Mela- 
nesia, Australasia, and Malaysia. 
oceanic (6-she-an'ik), a. [= F. ocdanique = Sp. 
oceanico = Pg. It. oceanico, < NL. oceanicus (fern. 
Oceanica, sc. terra, the region included in the 
Pacific ocean), < L. oceanus, ocean: see ocean.'] 
1. Belonging or relating to the ocean: as, the 
oceanic areas, basins, islands, etc. 
We could no longer look upon them, nor indeed upon 
any other oceanic birds which frequent high latitudes, as 
signs of the vicinity of land. Coo*, Third Voyage, I. 3. 
It now remains for us to notice the oceanic races which 
inhabit the vast series of islands scattered through the 
great ocean that stretches from Madagascar to Easter Is- 
land. W. B. Carpenter, Prin. of 1'hysiol. (1853), 1000. 
2. Wide or extended as the ocean. 
The world's trade . . . bad become oceanic. 
Motley, United Netherlands, III. 544. 
3. Specifically, in zool., inhabiting the high 
seas; pelagic Oceanic Hydrozoa,theSipAonopAro. 
Oceanic Islands, islands or groups of islands far from 
the mainland, or in the midst of the ocean, especially the 
groups of islands in the Pacific ocean, which, taken to- 
gether, are called "Oceanica" or sometimes "Oceania." 
Most of the oceanic islands are volcanic. The scattered 
coral islands have in all likelihood been built upon the 
tops of submarine volcanic cones. 
A. Qeikie, Text Book of Oeol. (1882), p. 259. 
Oceanic J ade. See jade*. 
Oceanican, a. See Oceanian. 
Oceanides (6-se-an'i-dez), n. pi. [Gr. 'Qictavi- 
<5ef, pi. of 'Stani'if, daughter of Oceanus, < 'ttoa- 
v6f, Oceanus: see ocean.'] 1. In Gr. myth., 
nymphs of the ocean, daughters of Oceanus 
and Tethys. 2. In zool., marine mollusks or 
sea-shells, as collectively distinguished from 
\ttiit<li'x, or fresh-water shells. 
Oceanites (o'se-a-m'tez), M. [NL., < Or. 'Qxra- 
rir>K. in pi 'Qxeaifaai, dwellers by the ocran. 
fern. 'QueaviTif, daughter of Oceanus; < 'UKFU- 
v6f, Oceanus : see nn-nn.] A genus of small pet- 
rels of the family Procellarii<1a>, or made type 
of Oceanitidte. As defined by Cones, it is restricted to 
4076 
species having ocreate or booted tarsi, very long legs, the 
tibia) extensively ilenmleil. the tai >i longer than the mid- 
dle toe, the nails Hut ami blunt, the hallux minute, the 
wings long and pointed, the tail short and nearly square. 
Tbe best-known species is 0. oceanica, or Wilson's petrel. 
Thelv illT nl-M-Nll otliel-. II- . I I'M iltil . 'Ill'' U.'hlls ;n 
founded by < '"lint Keyserling and Dr. J. H. Blaslus In 1840. 
Oceanitidae (6'se-a-uit'i-de), . pi. [NL., < 
Oci-iuiilrx + -idte.'] A family of oceanic birds 
lately separated by Forbes from the Pw< lln- 
riiilif. Hi, family includes four genera of small petrels, 
i''r> /< ltd, 1 1,-eanitet, Ptlayodroma, and Garrodia. These are 
among the small petrels commonly called Mother Carey'* 
chicken*. 
oceanographer (o'she-a-nog'ra-fer), n. f< 
oeeaniM/ri<i>li-i/ + -er 1 .] One who is versed in 
oceanography ; one who systematically studies 
the ocean. 
One of the foremost duties of observing occanographen. 
Eneye. Brit., XXI. 613. 
oceanographic (6-she-an-o-graf 'ik), a. [< <><-m- 
ograph-y -r -ic.] Relating to or connected with 
oceanography. The word Is sometimes used hi place of 
oceanic when this latter would be more proper. The dif- 
ference between the two words Is but slight, but It would 
seem that one is used when it is intended to convey a 
purely geographic idea, the other when the subject is 
looked at from a more general point of view : as, occano- 
graphic phenomena; oceanic currents. 
oceanographical (6-she-an-o-graf'i-kal), a. [< 
orraiioi/raftliir + -/.] Same as oceanographic. 
oceanographically (6-she-an-o-graf 'i-kal-i), 
adv. As regards oceanography or the physical 
geography of the ocean. Arner. Jour. Sci., 3d 
ser., XXX. 386. 
oceanography (6*she-a-nog'ra-fi), n. [< Gr. 
tweovof, the ocean, + -ypaifia, < yp&Qtiv, write.] 
The science of the ocean : a special branch of 
geography. The term oceanography Is little used In 
English except by writers translating from the German, 
who prefer oceanography to thalassoffraphy, while the best 
authorities writing in English at the present time use 
tfialassography, which Is a designation of that special 
branch of physical geography which relates to the ocean 
and its phenomena. 
The cable-laying companies have been the chief con- 
tributors to the science of deep-sea research, or oceanog- 
raphy. Nature, XXXVII. 147. 
Chemical oceanography a branch of physical geogra- 
phy which has only lately come to be extensively culti- 
vated. Encyc. Brit., XXI. 611. 
oceanology (o'she-a-nol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. a/(cav6f, 
the ocean^ + -loyia, < My'eiv, speak: see -ology.] 
1 . The scientific study of the ocean. See ocean- 
ography. 2. A treatise on the ocean. 
ocellar (o-sel'ar), a. [< NL. ocellaris, < L. ocel- 
lus, a little eye: see ocellus.'] Of or pertaining 
to ocelli; ocellate. Ocellar structure, the name 
given by.Rosenbusch to a peculiar aggregation of mineral 
forms, chiefly microscopic in size, in which the individual 
components are arranged in rounded (ocellar) forms, or 
aggregated in branching, fern-like groups, which are some- 
times tangential and sometimes radial to the central indi- 
vidual. This structure is most characteristically devel- 
oped in the leucitophyres. Also called centric structure 
by some English lithologists, by whom this term is used 
rather vaguely, sometimes as nearly the equivalent of mi- 
cropegmatitic. 
The structures which especially distinguish these gran- 
ophyric rocks are the micropegmatitic, the centric or ocel- 
lar structure, the pseudospherulitic, the mlcrogranitic, 
and the drusy or miarolitic structures. 
Judd, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. of London, XLV. 176. 
Ocellar triangle, a three-sided space, sharply defined in 
many insects, on which the ocelli are placed. 
Ocellary (os'el-a-ri), a. [As ocellar + -yl.] Of 
or pertaining to ocelli; ocellar Ocellary seg- 
ments or lings, in entom*, supposed primary segments 
of the preoral region, the ocelli in this case representing 
the jointed appendages of other segments. Dr. Packard 
distinguishes the first and second ocellary segments, which 
he regards as morphologically the most anterior of the 
body. He believes that the anterior ocellus represents 
two appendages which have coalesced. See preoral. 
ocellate (os'el-at), o. [X L. ocellatus, having 
little eyes, < ocellus, a little eye: see ocellus.} 
1. In zool., same as ocellated (c). 
The remarkable genus Drusilla, a group of pale-coloured 
butterflies, more or less adorned with ocellate spots. 
A. it. Wallace, Nat. Select, p. 181. 
2. In oot., resembling an eye: said of a round 
spot of some color which has another spot of 
a different color within it. See cut in next 
column Ocellate fovea or puncture, in entom.. a 
depression having a central projection or part less deeply 
depressed. 
ocellated (os'el-a-ted), a. [< ocellate + -erf 2 .] 
Having or marked by ocelli, (o) Having ocelli, as 
an Insect's eye. (6) Spotted. 
Besides the lion and tiger, almost all the other large 
cats . . . have occUafed or spotted skins. 
.1 . K. Wallace, Nat. Select, p. 53. 
(c) Marked with or noting spots having a dark center and 
a lighter outer ting, as the spots on the tail of a peacock 
and on the wings of many butterflies. 
The conspicuous ocellated spots of the under surface of 
the wings of certain kinds [of butterflies). 
Science, IX. 435. 
ocher 
Ocellate or O 
I, feather of peacock; a, feather of areus-pheasant ; i, tilenny ; ^owl- 
butterfly ; 5, inanposa-lily. 
A very beautiful reddish ocellated one [butterfly]. 
Derham, Physlco-Theology, vili. 6, note 6. 
Compound ocellated spot. See compound!. 
Ocelli, n. Plural of ocellus. 
ocellicyst (o-sel'i-sist), n. [< L. ocellus, a little 
eye, + Gr.' xvartf, bladder: see cyst.'] One of 
the several kinds of marginal bodies of hydro- 
zoans, having a visual function; a so-called 
ocellus or pigment-spot in the margin of the 
disk. They are of ectodermal origin, developed in con- 
nection with the tentacles, and may even be provided with 
a kind of lens. 
ocellicystic (6-sel-i-sis'tik), a. [< ocellicyst + 
-ic.] Of, or having the character of, an ocelli- 
cyst. 
ocelliferous (os-e-lif 'e-rus), a. K L. ocellus, a 
little eye, + ferre = fe. bear 1 .'] Bearing spots 
resembling small eyes ; ocellate. 
ocelligerous (os-e-lij'e-rus), a. [< L. ocellus, a 
little eye, + gerere, carry on.] Same as ocel- 
liferous. 
ocellus (o-sel'us), . ; pi. ocelli (-1). [L., a little 
eye, a bulb or knot on the root of a reed, dim. 
of oculus, eye: see oculus.'] 1. A little eye; 
an eye-spot; a stemma; one of the minute 
simple eyes of insects and various other animals. 
In insects ocelli or stemmata are generally situated on 
the crown of the head, between the great compound eyes, 
whose simple elements they resemble in structure; but 
they are sometimes the only organs of vision. 
2. One of the simple elements or facets of a 
compound eye. See cut of compound eye, under 
eye 1 . 3. In Hydromedusce, a pigment-spot at the 
base of the tentacles, or combined with other 
marginal bodies, in some cases provided with 
refractive structures which recall the crystal- 
line cones of some other low invertebrates. 
Also called ocellicyst. 4. One of the round 
spots of varied color, consisting of a central 
part (the pupil) framed in a peripheral part, 
such as characterize the tail of a peacock or the 
wing of an argus-pheasant. The ring Immediately 
adjoining the pupil is called the irijt. and the exterior cir- 
cle or ring is the atmosphere. An ocellus may be hi- or tri- 
pupillate, blind (without pupil), fenestrate (with transpa- 
rent pupil), nictitant (with lunate pupil), simple (with only 
ii N ana pupil), compound (with two or more rings), etc. 
See cut above. Double ocellus, in cntom., two ocellated 
spots Inclosed in a common colored ring. Fenestrate, 
germinate, etc., ocellus. See the adjectives. Orbits 
of the ocelli. See orbit. 
oceloid(o'se-loid), a. [< ocel(ot) + -oid.~] Like 
the ocelot : as, the oceloid leopard- or tiger-cat, 
Ftlis macrurus, of South America. 
ocelot (6'se-lot), n. [< Mex. ocelotl.'] The leop- 
ard-cat of America, Felis pardalis, one of sev- 
eral spotted American cats, of the family /'< !i<lu . 
It is from 2J to nearly 3 feet long from the nose to the 
root of the tail, the latter about one foot In length. The 
color is grayish, mostly marked with large and small black- 
edged fawn-colored spots tending to run into oval or linear 
figures ; the under parts are white or whitish, more or less 
marked with black. The back of the ear is usually black 
and white, and the tail is half-ringed with black. Indi- 
viduals vary interminably in the details of the markings, 
mostly preserving, however, the lengthened figure of the 
larger spots. The ocelot ranges from Texas into South 
America. See cut on following page. 
OCher, OChre (6'ker), M. [Formerly oer, otilir, 
ocJcrr ; = Sp. Pg. acre = MD. okcr, ncker, D. nh r 
= MHG. ocker, ogger, oger, G. ocker, ocher = Sw. 
ockra = Dan. okker, < F. acre = It. ocra, ocrin. < 
L. ochra, < Gr. uxpa, yellow ocher, < <j,ipf, pale, 
wan.] 1. The common name of an important 
