ocivity 
Weowc limn <iiM hi s tin- rmrhewing and avoiding nf 
idleness and 
Bp. "<-//, Confession of J. Hooper's Faith, ) 21. 
ockamt, ' An obsolete form of oakum. i'ol- 
tjt'iii'i . 
OCker't, . See /,rr-. 
ocker-t, An obsolete form of ocher. 
Ockhamism, . Same as Oi'i'iniiixiH. 
ockster, ". See ojcti-r. 
o'clock (o-klok' I. See cluck'*. 
Ocotea (o-ko'te-:i), H. [NL. (Aublet, 1775), 
from a native name in Guiana.] A large genus 
of trees of the upetalous order Lunrineoi&nA the 
tribe I'erst'tirrti', known by the four-celled an- 
thers contracted ut the base, one pair of cells 
above the Other. There are about 150 species, mostly 
of tropical America, with few in the Canary and Maeca- 
rene Islands and South Africa. They bear alternate or 
scattered rigid feather-veined leaves, small pjinirled flow- 
ers, and globose or oblong berries crowning the thickened 
and hardened calyx-tube. 0. foment la the til-tree of the 
evergreen forests of Madeira and the Canaries. O. bullata 
is the stlnkwood of Natal, a flue timber-tree, the wood being 
extremely strong and durable. 0. cupvlaru is called 7sU- 
of-France cinnatnttn. O. Leucoxylon, of tropical South 
America and the West Indies, is in the latter called white- 
wood and A'<V (irande sweetu-ood or Ivbliillit-sweetwiHid. 0. 
'if/ii't-a in northern South America affords an oleoresin, 
called ea8safro9- or laurel-oil, obtained by boring into the 
trunk. 
ocrea (ok're-:i). n. ; pi. wme(-e). [L., a greave.] 
1. In linl., a sheathing stipule, or a pair of 
stipules united into a sheath around 
the stem, like a legging or the leg 
of a boot; also sometimes, in 
mosses, the thin sheath around the 
seta, terminating the vagiuula. 2. 
I n :''/.. a sheath; an investing part 
like or likened to an ocrea of a 
plant. Also, erroneously, ochrea. 
Ocreatae (ok-re-a'te), . pi. [NL., 
fern. pi. of L. ocreatus: see ocrea te.] 
In Sundevall's classification of 
birds, the first phalanx of the cohort Cichlo- 
morplia', embracing seven families of Oscines 
having booted tarsi, such as the thrushes, 
nightingales, European redstarts and red- 
breasts, American bluebirds, the chats, dip- 
pers, etc. : so called from the fusion of the tar- 
sal envelop into a continuous boot, or ocrea. 
ocreate (ok're-at), a. [< L. otreatus, greaved, < 
ii<-mi, a greave : see ocrea.] 1. Wearing or fur- 
nished with an ocrea, greave, or legging; boot- 
ed. 2. In bot., furnished with an ocrea or 
sheath (through which the stem passes), formed 
by a stipule or by the union of two stipules. 
3. In ornith., booted ; having the tarsal envelop 
continuous; having a holothecal podotheca. 
See boot and caligula. 4. In zodl., sheathed 
as if with stipules; having ocreee. 
Ocrea of Poly- 
OHUIH incur- 
ocreated (ok're-a-ted), a Same as ocreate. 
Oct. An abbreviation of October. 
octa-. [L., etc., octa-, < Or. OKTO-, a form, in 
cornp., of OKTU = E. eight : see oeto-.] In words 
of Greek origin, an initial element equivalent 
to octo-, meaning ' eight.' 
octachord (ok'ta-k6rd), . [< L. oetachordos, < 
G r. OKTaxo/ioof , eight-stringed, < OKTU, = E. eigli t, + 
X<>l>d>i, string, chord: see chord, cord 1 .] 1. A 
musical instrument having eight strings. 2. 
A diatonic series of eight tones. Compare titr/i- 
chord, hexachord, etc. 
Also octachord, octogenari/. 
octachronous (ok-tak'ro-uus), a. [< Gr. OKTU, 
= E. eight, + xpovof, time.] In <inc. proa., hav- 
ing u magnitude of eight primary or fundamen- 
tal times ; octasemic. 
octacolic (ok-ta-kol'ik), a. [< Gr. oxro/iuXof, of 
eight lines, < OKTU, = E. eight, + Kutov, member, 
colon: see colon 1 .] In inn-, /iro.--.. eonsisting of 
eight cola or series : as, an octaeolie period. 
octactinal (ok-tak'ti-nal), a. [< Gr. OKTU, = E. 
i iii/it. + aKTif (OKTIV-), ray.] Eight-rayed; oc- 
tamerous, as a polyp ; specifically, of or per- 
taining to the Octactiniif. 
OctactiniSB (ok-tak-tin'i-e), n. )il. [NL., < Gr. 
OKTU, = E. eight, + a/trif (axTir-), ray. Cf. Ac- 
tinia:] A division of coslenterates containing 
those polyps which are octamerous. It corre- 
sponds to Octocontlla, Anteroitla or Asteroidea, 
and AlcyoHni'ia. 
octad (ok'tail), n. [< Gr. o/craf (OKTOO-), the 
numbereight, < OKTU = E. eight: see eight*-.] A 
system or series of eight, (a) A series of eight suc- 
cessive powers of ten, beginning witli :i power whose ex- 
ponent is divinihle by eight or with unity. (6) A system of 
eight conical points on a quartic surface situated at the 
intersections of three tpiadrie surfaces. 
octadic (ok-tad'ik), o. [< <n-t<ul + -('<.] Pertain- 
ing to an octad Octadic surface, a quartic surface 
having eight nodes forming an octad. 
1H77 
octadrachm, octodrachm (ok'tii-. ok'to-dram), 
n. [< Gr. bcr&ipaxfioc, weighing or worth eight 
dnUUnnU){ ii^-u, = E. eight, + Spax/"l, drachm:! : 
see ilrnchm, drachma.] In the coinage of some 
ancient Greek systems, as those of the Ptole- 
mies and Seleucids, a piece of the value of eight 
drachma!. 
A fine gold octadrachm of Ptolemy I V., the owner of the 
vase, struck in Cyprus. 
The Academy, June 15, 1889, p. 418. 
octaechos (ok-ta-6'kos), n. [NL., < LGr. btcrd- 
i, !'.> (se. : it.t/<j)'jii bonk i see def.) so called from 
the eight tones, < Gr. OKTU, = E. eight, + >ixf, 
echo, tone (in music): see echo.] In the Gr. 
l'h., an office-book containing the ferial stichera 
and troparia from the vespers of the Saturday 
till the end of the liturgy on Sunday. (/. .!/. 
.N i nk'.) The octaechos properly so called is sometimes 
known as the Little Octaechtm, and the paracletice as the 
Great Octarchos. See paradetice. Also oetoechot, octv-chux. 
octaedral (ok-ta-e'dral), a. Same as octahedral. 
octaedrite (ok-ta-e'Jrlt), n. Same as octahe- 
drili. 
octaedron (ok-ta-e'dron), n. Same as octahe- 
dron. 
octaeteris (ok*ta-e-te'ris), n. [< LL. octaeteris, 
< Gr. onTaertipif, a space of eight years, < onrafrrK, 
of eight years, < OKTU, = E. eight, + frof, a year.] 
In the anc. Gr. calendar, a period or cycle of eight 
years, during which three intercalary months of 
30 days were inserted after the sixth month in 
the third, fifth, and eighth years, to bring the 
year of twelve lunar months alternately of 30 
and 29 days into accord with the solar year. The 
average number of days In the year was thus made up to 
StiM. In most states, the intercalary month took the name 
of the sixth month, which it followed, being distinguished 
from this by the epithet second. The system was devised 
by Cleostratus of Tenedos, about 500 B. 0. 
octagon (ok'ta-gon), n. [= F. octoyoiie = 8p. 
octagono = Pg. octo</owo= It. ottagono,<. Gr. OKT&- 
yuvos, eight-cornered (as a noun, an eight-cor- 
nered building), < OKTU, = E. eight, + yuvia, a 
corner, an angle.] 1. In</eow.,afigure of eight 
angles and eight sides. When the sides and 
angles are equal, it is & regular octagon. 2. In 
fort., a work with eight bastions Octagon loop, 
the mesh of pillow-lace, as the ground of Bmssela lace : the 
term is a misnomer, the mesh being really hexagonal. 
Octagonal (ok-tag'o-nal), a. [Formerly also oc- 
togonal ; as octagon + -al.] Having eight angles 
and eight sides. 
OCtagonally (ok-tag'o-nal-i), mlr. In octagonal 
form. 
OCtagynoUS (ok-taj'i-nus), a. See octogynous. 
octahedral (ok-ta-he'dral), a. [Also octaedral, 
octahedral; < octahedron + -al.] Having eight 
equal surfaces or faces Octahedral (Unction. 
See polyhedral. Octahedral group. See groupi. 
OCtahedrite (ok-ta-he'drit), n. [As octahedron 
+ -ite 2 .] Titanium dioxid, crystallizing in the 
tetragonal system, the fundamental and com- 
monly occurring form being an acute square oc- 
tahedron (whence the name); anatase. it is also 
found in a variety of other related forms. The luster is 
adamantine or metallic-adamantine, and the color varies 
from yellow to brown, indigo-blue, and black. Titanium 
dloxld also occurs In nature as the minerals rutile and 
brooklte (which see). Also octa<-drite, octaedrite. 
Octahedron (ok-ta-he'dron). . [Also octae- 
dron, octahedron ; = F. ociaedre = Sp. Pg. octa- 
edro=it. ottaedro,<. LL. octafdros,( Gr. buToeSpov, 
neut. of oKTaeifjof, eight-sided, < OKTU, = E. eight, 
+ copa, seat, base.] A solid bounded by eight 
faces. The regular octahedron Is one of the five Platonic 
regular bodies. Its faces are equilateral triangles meeting 
at six summits. In crystallography, the regular octahe- 
Octandrta, 
A flower of die commou 
rue. Kuta 
Regular Octahedron. 
dron isdistinguished from the analogous eight-sided solids 
in the tetragonal and orthorhombic systems, which are 
called respectively square and rhombic octahedrons. 
Truncated octahedron, a tessarescwdecahedron formed 
by cutting itlt th<- corners of the regular octahedron paral- 
lel to the faces of the coaxial cube far enough to leave 
them regular hexagons, while adding six square faces. It 
is one of the thirteen Archimedean solids, 
octamerous (ok-tam'e-ms), . [< Gr. bicraufpiK, 
having eight parts. ^ OKTU, = E. eight, + /'fpof, 
part.] In -in'il. and hot., having the parts in 
series of eight. Often written S-merous. Also 
oetonterous. 
octarchy 
octameter(ok-tum'e-t' T). ,/. ami . [< LL. </</- 
uietruiu, < Gr. mcrdfier/Mi; u verse of eight feet, 
neut. ut &KT..-I/I r/H; (> LL. oclameter), of eight 
measures or feet, < OKTU, = E. eight, + /itrpov, 
measure, meter: see meter?.] L. a. In pro*., 
consisting of eight measure- ( monopodies or 
dipodies). 
n. . In pros., a verse or period consisting 
of eight measures. This word Is little used, 
in Die sense of 'ocUpody ' by some writers on modern ver- 
sincation who confound intiimre wlth/uut. 
OCtan (ok'tan), a. [< L. octo, = E. cigh t, + -an.] 
Occurring every eighth day Octan fever. 8e 
octander (ok-tan'der), n. [See octaHdrous.] In 
but., a flower with eight stamens. 
Octandria (ok-tan'dn-ji), n.pl. [NL.: seeoctan- 
drou*.] The eighth class in 
the Linnean system of plants, 
comprehending those plants 
which have hermaphrodite 
flowers with eight stamens. 
octandrian (ok-tau'dri-an), 
a. [< Octandria + -tin.] Hav- 
ing the characters of the class 
Octandria ; having eight dis- 
tinct stamens. 
octaudrious (ok-tan'dri-ns), a. Same as <- 
tandrous. 
octandrous (ok-tan'drus), a. [< Gr. OKTU, = E. 
eight, + avijfi (avfp-), a male (in mod. bot. a sta- 
men).] Having eight stamens. 
octangle (ok'tang-gl), H. and a. [= It. ottangolo, 
< LL. octangulux, eight-cornered, eight-angled, 
< L. octo, = E. eight, + angulug, corner, angle : 
see angles.] J. ,,. A plane figure with eight 
angles, and therefore with eight sides; an oc- 
tagon. 
II. a. Octangular. [Rare.] 
A silver temple of an octangle figure. 
Chapman, Masque of the Middle Temple. 
octangular (ok-tang'gu-lar), a. [= Sp. octan- 
gular = It. ottangolare, otiangulare, < LL. octan- 
gulus, eight-cornered, eight-angled: see octan- 
gle.] Having eight angles. 
The interior [of Clitberoe Church] consists of a spacious 
nave, side-aisles, and chancel, with lofty octanmuar col* 
minis, and galleries borne by iron pillars immediately be- 
hind, but detached. tiniiu-n, Hist. Lancashire, II. 18. 
octangularness (ok-tang'gu-lar-nes), n. The 
property of being octangular, or of having 
eight angles. 
Octans Hadleianus (ok'tanz had-le-ya'uus). 
[NL.: see octant.] In antron., a constellation 
of Lacaille, situated at the south pole, which it 
indicates. 
octant (ok'tant), n. [= F. octant = Sp. octante 
= Pg. oitaiite = It. ottante, < L. octen(f-)*, a 
half-quadrant, < octo = E. eight: see eight 1 . Cf . 
quadrant.] 1. The eighth part of a circle. 
2. In astron., that position or aspect of two 
heavenly bodies, especially a planet, and the 
sun, when half-way between conjunction or op- 
position and quadrature, or distant from one 
another by the eighth part of a circle, or 45. 
The moon is said to be in her octants when she is half-way 
between new or full moon and one of her quarters. The 
octants of the moon are especially Important, because the 
third inequality or variation, which comes to its maximum 
In those positions, is considerable. Also octile. 
3. An instrument used by seamen for measur- 
ing angles, resembling a sextant or quadrant 
in principle, but having an arc the eighth part 
of a circle, or 45. By double reflection it can 
measure an arc of 90. See sextant. Hadley's 
quadrant is really an octant. 
octaphonic (ok-ta-fon'ik), a. [< Gr. OKTU, = E. 
eight, + cVji>?, voice : see phonic .] In music, not- 
ing a composition for eight voice-narts. 
Octapla (ok'ta-pla), H. [< LGr. oKTairfa, Ori- 
gen's Hexapla with additions (see def.), neut. 
gl. of oKTan-XiJof, oKTantovf, eightfold, < OKTU, = 
. eight, + -x)Jos, -fold: see -fold. Cf. Hts- 
liln.] A polyglot book (especially a Bible) in 
eight parallel columns. The name is especially 
given to Origen's Hexapla with the addition of 
u fifth and a sixth version. 
octapodic (ok-ta-pod'ik). a. [< octapod-y + -<<.] 
In //;., consisting of or containing eight feet : 
being or constituting an octapody. 
OCtapody (ok-tap'o-di), . [< Gr. as if 'OKTO.KO- 
o/a, < oKTa-ovf (-ITOO-), eight feet long, < OKTU, = 
E. eight, + fforj (jro<5-) = E. foot.] In pros., a 
meter, period, or verse consisting of eight feet. 
An octapody exceeds the limits of a colon, and 
is generally written as two lines. See " 
. 
Octarchy (ok'tar-ki), . [< Gr. OKTU. = E. i-ight, 
+ -apx ta , ^ &px riv i rule.] Government by eight 
