(Enanthe 4086 of 
Africa and Australia, especially in or near water. They (Enothera (e-no-the'ra), n. [NL. (Linnaras, oesOphagOSCOpe (e-sof 'a-gp-skop), n. [NL < 
bear pin "ate or piimately -dissected leaves, and white flow- l" 3 7 ) , < Gr. oivo^paf , a'plant, the root of which Gr. olao^ayof, the gullet, + raoTrav, view.] An 
^&^*Ji*!&ffl&3*fS3Sl smells of wine, <olm wine, + %,(?), seek(f).] 
r pet 
Th 
e root of OS. croeata of western 
ZttSSZ^ttSSffX&SSSl A genus of plants, type of the order Onagrariea; 
fcuropeisai a -, ii P ,i I. v,,, tj.,, _;),+. at.a.TnRTis. Rtrnie-ht, linear 
leafy herbs, with 
showy yellow, 
rose, or purplish 
flowers, and alter- 
nate leaves. The 
genus is named 
evening primrose, 
sometimes tree- 
primrose. (E.bien- 
nis, the common 
evening primrose 
is a tall plant 
with fragrant yel- 
low flowers, of- 
ten large, opening 
suddenly and at 
night, whence the 
name. The flow- 
ers of (E. fruti- 
cosa, the sundrops, 
as those of many 
otherspecies,open 
in the sunshine. These and others are more or less culti- 
vated. Some of the western species, as (E. Missouriensis, 
are very showy. 
o'er (or), prep, and adv. A contraction, gener- 
ally a poetical contraction, of over. 
O Segramour, keep the boat afloat, 
And let her na the land o'er near. 
Kempion (Child's Ballads, 1. 140). 
o'ercome (our'kum), . [Contr. of overcome.] 
1. Overplus. 2. The burden of a song or dis- 
course. [Scotch in both senses.] 
And aye the o'ercome o' his sang 
" Wae 's me for Prince Charlie ! " 
naked seeds, spasm.] Spasm of the esophagus; oesopha- 
and pod-like gismus. 
four-celled cesophagostenosis (e-sof'a-go-ste-no'sis), n. 
capsule. There [NL., < Gr. oimxpd-yof, the gullet, + arevuaif, 
are about loo constriction.] In pathol., a constriction of the 
species, one Tas- esophagus. 
American espl oesophagotomy, n. See csophagotomy. 
cially northwest- Oesophagus, n. See esophagus. 
em. Theyaregen- (Estrelata (es-trel'a-ta), n. [NL., < Gr. oiarptj- 
erally branching ^orciv, drive wild, < oiorpijAarof, driven by_ a gad- 
fly, < olarpof, a gadfly (see wstrus), + e^aiiveiv, 
drive, set in motion.] A genus of petrels of the 
family Procellariida, the subfamily Proceltari- 
incs, and the section (Estrelateai. The bill is robust 
and compressed, with a large unguis hooked from the na- 
sal tubes ; these tubes are short ; the liallux is very small ; 
the wings are long and pointed ; the tail is cuneiform with 
instrument for inspecting the interior of the 
;;re V resemblanc"eo?tteplanttotheparsni P : called A*m- nowrT by" thTelg&T^^n^TtraW linear cesophagospasmus (e-sof "a-g9-spaz 'mus), n. 
lock water-heinlock, or imter-dropwort. (E. Phellandrium, anthers, many [NL., < Gr. o7o0<r/of, the gullet, -t- rj7racr//of, 
of temperate Europe, etc., is less poisonous, and its seeds 
have been considerably used in Europe as a remedy for 
pulmonary and other diseases: called fine-leafed water- 
hemlock, also horse-bane. <E. fistulosa, common in tem- 
perate Europe, is called hemlock-dropwort. There are also 
species which have edible tubers, and (E. stolontfera, of 
India, China, etc., serves as a spinach. 
2. In ornith.: (a) [1. c.] An old name of the 
stonechat, Saxicola cenanthe, and now its techni- 
cal specific designation. (6) Same as Saxicola. 
Vieillot, 1816. 
(Enanthe8e(e-nan'the-e),._pZ. [NL. (Bentham 
and Hooker,' 1865), < (Enanthe + -eai.] A sub- 
tribe of dicotyledonous plants of the polypeta- 
lous order Umbelliferce and the tribe Seselinece, 
typified by the genus (Enanthe, and character- 
ized by oil-tubes solitary in their channels, and 
thick lateral ridges forming an entire wingless 
margin to the fruit. It includes 12 genera and 
over 50 species, especially in Europe, North 
America, and South Africa. 
cenanthic (e-nan'thik), a. [< (Enanthe + -ic.] 
Having or imparting the characteristic odor of 
wine CEnantliic acid, an acid obtained from oenanthic 
ether, forming a colorless butter-like mass, which melts 
at 13 C. CEnanthic ether, an oily liquid which has an 
odor of quinces, and a mixture of which with alcohol 
forms the quince essence. It is one of the ingredients 
which give to wine its characteristic odor. Also called 
pelargmic ether. 
oenanthin (e-nan'thin), n. [< (Enanthe + -in 2 .] 
A resinous 'substance having poisonous quali- 
ties, found in hemlock-dropwort, (Enanthe fistu- 
losa. 
cenanthol (e-nan'thol), n. [< (Enanthe + -ol.] 
A colorless, limpid, aromatic liquid (CyH^O) 
produced in the distillation of castor-oil. It rap- 
idly oxidizes in the air, and becomes osnanthylic acid. By 
the action of nitric acid it yields an isomeric compound 
called metofwmthol. 
denanthyl (e-nan'thil), . [< (Enanthe + -yl.] 
The hypothetical radical (C 7 H 13 O) of cenan- 
thylic acid and its derivatives. 
oenanthylic (e-nan-thil'ik), a. [< eenanthyl + 
r, the upper part of the plant of (Ettotkera 
fruticosa with the flowers (sun-drops); 2, 
the lower part of the plant ; a, a flower ; 0, 
the fruit. 
Black-capped Petrel ((Estrtlata hasitata). 
Was 
much-graduated feathers ; and the plumage is usually bi- 
color or entirely fuliginous. It is an extensive genus of 
some 20 species, nearly all inhabiting southern seas. OS. 
hcesttata and 08. lessoni are characteristic examples. Also 
Astrelata and originally ^Estrelata. Bonaparte, 1855. 
(Estridse (es'tri-de), n.pl. [NL. (Leach, 1819), 
< GEstnts + -ida:.] A family of brachycerous 
dipterous insects, typified by the genus (Estrus; 
the bot-flies. They are mostly flies of rather large size, 
enanthyllC (e-nan-thil'ik), a. [_< asnantliyl -t- W.dlen, Jacobite Keiics, wiser., p. an. the bot-flies. They are mostly flies of rather large size, 
-ic.] An epithet used only in the following n ' or lairrrmT''15'l rContr of overtoil ~\ A era- more or less hairy > of inconspicuous colors, with small 
,? emy tour la;, . IMIKr.ax rwt/.j ^ mou th, rudimentary mouth-parts, small antennffi inserted 
vat; a neckcloth. [Scotch.] 
He falds his owrelay down his breast with care. 
Ramsay, Gentle Shepherd, i. 2. 
phrase CEnanthylic acid, c 7 Hi4O2, a volatile oily 
acid, of an agreeable aromatic smell, obtained from cas- 
tor-oil when it is acted on by nitric acid. 
(Enocarpus (e-no-kar'pus), n. [NL. (Martins, 
1833), < Gr. oivos, wine, + Kapirfy, fruit.] Age- o'er-raughtt (or-raf), pret. and pp. [Contr. of 
nus of palms of the tribe Arecece and the subtri be over-ra light.] Overreached. Shak., Hamlet, iii. 
Oncospermeie, known by the small acute valvate 1. 17. 
sepals, parietal ovule, and elongated drooping o'er-strawedt (6r-strad'), pp. [Contr. of over- 
branches of the tail-like leafless spadix. There strawed.] Over-strewn. Shak., Venus and 
are about 8 species, natives of tropical America. They bear Adonis 1 1143 
small flowers from two woody snathes, pinnately divided _ _f _i> _' 
terminal leaves with an inflated sheath, and a black or uersel 
purple, usually ovoid, fruit. Various species yield a useful ot Munich.] 
oil and fruit. See bacaba-palm. 
oenochoe, . See oinochoe. 
oenological (e-no-loj'i-kal), a. [< oenolog-y + 
-ic-al.] Of or pertaining to the science or study 
of wines and their qualities. 
oenology (e-nol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. oJvof, wine, + 
-toyla, < hiyeiv, speak: see -ology. Cf. Gr. o<vo- 
/loyeiv, speak of wine.] The study or science of 
, 
mouth, rudimentary mouth-parts, small antennce inserted 
in pits whence only the bristle projects, extremely narrow 
middle face, and very large tegute. About 60 species are 
the nature, qualities, and varieties of wine ; the 
known, all parasitic in the larval state upon vertebrates. 
With a single exception this parasitism is confined to 
mammals. The larvae live in different places, in the nos- 
trils and frontal sinuses, under the skin, and in the sto- 
mach and bowels ; and each species usually confines its 
attacks to one kind of animal. Twenty-four species are 
found in North America. (Estrus (Gasterophilm) etrui in- 
fests the horse ; (E. (Hypoderma)bows, the ox ; (E. (Cepha- 
lamyia) ovis, the sheep. See bot-fly and (Entrws. 
[So called from one Oertel oestrual (es'tro-al), a. [Irreg. < mtrwi + -al.] 
A method of reducing obesity and p^ by sexual desire ; beingmheat: applied 
_ Jug the heart. While recognizing the * both , t ? le *,* *e rut and the cond.tion 
need of limiting the diet somewhat, especially as regards ol a rutting animal. 
amyloids and fats, this method lays special stress on the ccstruate (es'trq-at), v. i.; pret. and pp. cestru- 
limitation of liquid taken and on its free elimination by ated, ppr. cestruating. [Irreg. ( cestrus + -ate'^.] 
To be in heat ; rut. 
oestruation (es-trij-a'shon), n. [< osstruate + 
-ion.] The condition of being oestrual, or the 
period during which this condition exists; sex- 
ual desire or heat ; rut. 
perspiration, and also upon cardiac exercise ; the last two 
desiderata are secured by carefully regulated mountain- 
climbing. 
cesophagalgia (e-sof-a-gal'ji-a), n. [NL., < Gr. 
oio-o^dyof, the gimetj + a/tyof, pain.] Pain, es- 
pecially neuralgia, in the esophagus. 
science of Vines. oesophageal, cesophagean. See esophageal, etc. oestrum (es'trum), . [Improp. for oestrus, q. v.] 
oenomancy (e'no-man-si), w. [< Gr. olwf, wine, (BSOphagectomy (e-sof-a-jek'to-mi), n. [< Gr. Vehement desire or emotion ; passion ; frenzy. 
+ iMtnsia, divination.] A mode of divination oiaoQdyos, the gullet, + e/cro^, a cutting out.] Love is the peculiar oestrum of the poet. 
among the ancient Greeks, from the color, Excision of a portion of the esophagus. ^/. Notes on v,rgmia (1787), p. w 
soundT and other peculiarities of wine when Cesophagismus (e-sof-a-jiz'mus), n. [NL., < In an oestrum of vindictive passion, which they regard 
poured out in libations. Gr. oio-o^dyof, the gullet: see esophagus.] inpa- 
oenomania (e-no-ma'ni-a), . [NL., <Gr. olvof. thol. : (a) Esophageal spasm. (6) Globus hys- 
wine, + fiavia, madness. Cf. Gr. oivoftavf/s, mad tericus. 
for wine.] 1. An insatiable desire for wine oesophagitis (e-sof-a-ji'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
or other intoxicating liquors; dipsomania. 2. oiaofdyof, the gullet, + -itis.] I'D. pathol., in- 
flammation of the esophagus. 
mixed with honey, < olvof, wine, + peAi, honey.] 
A drink made of wine mixed with honey. Com- 
pare wieatZ 1 , mefheglin, and hydromel. 
Like some passive broken lump of salt, 
Dropt in, by chance, to a bowl of osnomel, 
To spoil the drink a little. 
Mrs. Browning, Aurora Leigh, vii. 
Same as delirium tremens (which see, under de- 
lirium), oesophagocele (e-so-fag'o-sel), n. [< Gr. oio-o- 
cenomel (e'no-mel), n. [< Gr. oM/iefa, wine 0ajC, the gullet, + KTJMI, a tumor, a rupture.] 
A pouch of mucous membrane and submucous 
tissue of the esophagus pushed through an 
opening in the muscular wall. 
oesophagodynia (e-sofa-go-diii'i-a), . [NL., 
< Gr. oicro^ayof, the gullet, + bdvvq, pain.] In 
pathol., pain in the esophagus. 
Oesophagopathy (e-sof-a-gop'a-thi), n. [< Gr. 
olao<t>dyof, the gullet, + 'Jra6oc, suffering.] Dis- 
ease of the esophagus. 
, . [NL., 
, a stroke.] 
oenometer (e-uom'e-ter), n. [< Gr. olvor, wine, 
+ nirpav, measure.] A hydrometer specially 
adapted for determining the alcoholic strength (Bsophagoplegia (e-sof "a-go-ple'ji-a), n. 
of wines. < Gr. oiaotyayof, the gullet, + vr^j^, a 
oenophilist (e-nof'i-list), n. [< Gr. olvof, wine, In pathol., paralysis of the esophagus. 
+ ^iXoc, loving, + -ist.] Aloverofwine. [Rare.] desophagorrhagia (e-sof "a-go-ra'ji-a), n. [NL., 
Are the vegetarians to beUow "Cabbage for ever? " and < Gr ; '*** a $> ^ ^ e }' ? '' Ki >''"' < &**"?> 
may we modest eenophilists not sing the praises of our fa- break, burst.] Inpathol., hemorrhage from the 
vourite plant? Thackeray, Virginians, xxxi. esophagus. 
as a sortof celestial inspiration, they simply project them- 
selves. P. Hall, Mod. Eng., p. 29. 
oestrus (es'trus), n. [< L. cestrus, < Gr. olarpof, 
a gadfly, breeze, hence a sting, a vehement 
impulse.] 1 . A gadfly ; a breeze. Hence 2. 
A vehement urging; a stimulus; an incite- 
ment. 3. leap.] [NL. (Linnaeus, 1748).] The 
typical genus of (Estrida;. It is now restricted to 
small species with short, thin, weak legs, very large head, 
large thorax with short sparse hairs, appearing naked and 
silvery, and a peculiar venation of the wings. The larvse 
infest the nasal passages and frontal sinuses of cattle, 
sheep, goats, and other hollow-horned ruminants; they 
pupate underground. (E. ocis is the bot-fly of the sheep, 
now found all over the world. See cut under sheep-bot. 
of (ov), prep. [< ME. of, off, < AS. of, rarely af, 
wf = OS. af = OFries. of, ej\ af = D. / = 
MLG. LG. af = OHG. aba, ana, MHG. G. Z> 
= Icel. a/= Sw. Dan. af= Goth, af = L. ab 
= Gr. cm6 = Skt. apa, from, away from, etc. 
Cf. ab-, apo-. Hence off, the same word differ- 
entiated as an adv., and now also used as a 
prep.] A word primarily expressing the idea 
of literal departure away from or out of a place 
or position. It passes from this physical application 
to the figurative meaning of departure or derivation as 
