oghamic 
oghamic, ogamic (og'am-ik), a. [Also ogmic 
(tho in mjhani being unoriginal); < </'""" 
ogam, + -:.] Of or pertaining to oghams; 
consisting of or shmetOrlsing the characters 
called ogli;iir.-. 
In the volluin manuscript in tho library of the Royal 
Irish Academy called the Book of Ballymote, compiled 
near the close of ttie 14th criitiiry. the ditlerent styles of 
Ogamic writing and the value of the lettr> are explained 
In a special tract on the subject. Encyc. lint., V. SOU 
ogival (6-ji'val or 6'ji-val), a. [< P. ogirnl, < 
"(/ire, an ogive : see oi/in: ] In arch., of or per- 
taining to an ogive ; characterized by the 
pointed arch or vault. 
Ogive (6'jiv or 6-jiv'), . [< F. ni/in; tiuqive, < 
ML. uuijii-u, an ogive; < Sp. Pg. It. intge, the 
highest point, < Ar. awj, the highest point, 
summit: see auge.] In arch.: (a) A pointed 
arch; also, the diagonal rib of a vault of the 
type normal in the French architecture of the 
thirteenth century. See arc ogive, under ore 1 . 
(6) A window of the Pointed style Branches 
of ogives. See branch. 
ogle' (6'gl), v. ; pret. and pp. ogled, ppr. ogling. 
[Also dial, augle; < MD. "uughelen, oeghelen(in 
deriv. oogheler, oegheler = MLG. ogelen, LG. 
oegeln=Gt.ciugeln), eye. ogle, freq. of D. oogen 
= MLG. ogen, ougen, LG. oegen, eye, ogle, = 
E. eye : see eye 1 , v.] I. trans. To view with 
amorous or coquettish glances, as in fondness 
or with a design to attract notice. 
Zueds ! sirrah ! the lady shall be as ugly as I choose : . . . 
yet I will make you ogle her all day, and sit up all night 
to write sonnets on her beauty. 
Sheridan, The Rivals, ii. 1. 
II. intrant. To cast glances as in fondness or 
with a design to attract notice. 
Dick heard, and tweedling, ogling, bridling, 
Turning short round, strutting and sideling. 
Attested, glad, his approbation. 
Cowper, Pairing Time Anticipated. 
Ogle 1 (6'gl), n. [< ogle 1 , .] 1. A coquettish 
or amorous glance or look. 
When an heiress sees a man throwing particular graces 
into his ogle, or talking loud within her hearing, she ought 
to look to herself. Addison, The Fortune Hunter. 
2. pi. Eyes. Halliwell. [Cant.] 
Ogle 2 (6'gl), . [Alaoyogle; < Icel. ugla, an owl: 
see owl.} An owl Cat ogle, the great eagle-owl, 
Bubo ignavus. 
ogler (6'gler), n. [= MD. oogheler, oeghler, 
ogler, flatterer; as ogle 1 + -er 1 .] One who ogles. 
Oh ? that Riggle, a pert Ogler an Indiscreet silly Thing. 
SUele, Grief A-la-Mode, Hi. 1. 
Ogling (6'gling), . [Verbal n. of ogle 1 , v.] The 
casting of fond or amorous glances at some 
one; a fond or sly glance. 
Those Ogling* that tell you my Passion. 
Cmyreve, Song to Ceelia. 
ogliot, An obsolete form of olio. 
Ogmic (og'mik), a. Same as oghamic. 
Ogmorhinus (og-mo-ri'nus), n. [NL., < Gr. 
o)/iof, a line, furrow (see ogham), + pit;, friv, 
nose.] In mammal., the tenable name of that 
genus of seals usually called Stenorhynchus. 
If. 1'eters, 1875. 
Ogotona(og-6-t6'na), n. [Prob. native.] 1. The 
gray pika, Lagomys ogotona, a native of Asia. 
See Lagomys. 2. [cop.] A genus of pikas: 
same as Lagomys. 
ogre (6'ger), n. [< F. ogre, < Sp. ogro, in older 
forms huergo, hucrco, uerco = It. orco, huorco, 
a demon, hobgoblin, < L. Orcus, the abode of 
the dead, the god of the lower regions.] In 
fairy tales and popular legend, a giant or hide- 
ous monster of malignant disposition, supposed 
to live on human flesh ; hence, one likened to or 
supposed to resemble such a monster. 
If those robber barons were somewhat grim and drunken 
ogres, they had a certain grandeur of the wild beast in 
them. George Eliot, Mill on the Floss, iv. 1. 
ogreish (6'ger-ish), a. [< ogre + -ish 1 .] Re- 
sembling or suggestive of an ogre. 
Ogreism (6'ger-izm), n. [< ogre + -ism."] The 
character or practices of ogres. 
Ogress 1 (6'gres), n. [< F. ogresse; as ogre + 
-esu.] A female ogre. 
Ogress" (6'gres), n. [Appar. an error for *ogoess, 
< OF. ogoesse, "an ogresse or gun-bullet (must 
be sable) in blazon" (Cotgrave). The F. form 
is printed ogresse in Sherwood's index to Cot- 
grave, but ogoesse is in Roquefort and in heral- 
dic glossaries.] In her., a roundel sable. 
Ogrillon (o-gril'yon), . [A dim. of ogre."} A 
little or young ogre. 
His children, who, though ogrillons, are children ! 
Thackeray, Roundabout Papers, Ogres. 
Ogygian (o-jij'i-au), . [< L. (< Gr. 'ayiyiof) 
Ogyges, also Ogygus, < Gr. 'Cyi'yw, 'Cyvyof, Ogy- 
4095 
ges (see def.), + -iun.] Of or pertaining to 
Ogyges, a legendary monarch in Grecr<> (Atti- 
ca, or Boeotia, etc.), of whom nothing is known ; 
hence, of great and obscure antiquity.- Ogyglan 
deluge, a flood said to have occurred in Attica or Bosotla 
during the reign of Ogyges. 
Ogygiidse (oj-i-ji'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Ogygia 
(see def.) + -iVte.] A family of trilobites repre- 
sented by the genus Ogygia. 
oh.interj. See O 2 . 
O. H. O. An abbreviation of Old High German. 
Ohian (o-hi'au), a. and n. [< Ohi(o) + -an.] 
Same as Ohioan. [Rare.] 
Ohioan (o-hi'6-an), a. and n. [< Ohio (see def.) 
+ -an.] ' I. ii. Of or belonging to the State of 
Ohio, one of the United States. 
H. n. A native or an inhabitant of the State 
of Ohio. 
Ohio herring. See herring. 
Ohio sturgeon. Same as lake-sturgeon. 
ohm (6m), . [Named after Dr. G. S. Ohm, the 
propounder of the law known by his name.] In 
elect., the unit of resistance (see resistance). The 
theoretical or absolute ohm is equal to 10* centimeter-gram - 
second units of resistance (see unit). The practical ohm, 
until recently in use, was a resistance equal to that of a 
certain standard coil of wire (German silver) constructed 
under the direction of a Committee of the British Associa- 
tion in 1863, and hence often called the /;. A. unit of re- 
sistance; it is a little less (0.987) than the true ohm. The 
legal or congress ohm, adopted by the Electrical Congress 
in 1884, is defined as the resistance at 0* C. of a column of 
pure mercury which Is one square millimeter in cross- 
section and 106 centimeters in length ; it is a very little 
less than the theoretical ohm. The Siemens unit is some- 
what less than the ohm, being the resistance of a similar 
column Just one meter in length. The resistance of a cop- 
per wire 1,000 feet long and one tenth of an Inch in diam- 
eter is very nearly one ohm ; a mile of ordinary iron tele- 
graph-wire has a resistance of nearly 13 ohms. 
ohmad (6'mad), n. [< ohm + -ad.] Same as 
ohm. 
ohm-ammeter (om'am'e-ter), . An instru- 
ment for electrical measurements: a combina- 
tion of an ammeter and an ohmmeter. 
ohmic (6'mik), a. [< ohm + -ic.] Of or per- 
taining to an ohm or ohms ; measuring or mea- 
sured by the electric unit called an ohm. 
At present Dr. Fleming and a few others talk of ohmic 
resistance, to distinguish resistance from the relation be- 
tween the back electromotive force and the current 
Elect. Sen. (Eng.), XiV. 411. 
ohmmeter (om'me-ter), n. [< E. ohm + Gr. 
fierpov, measure.] In elect., an instrument by 
which the resistance of a conductor may be di- 
rectly measured in ohms. 
Ohm's law. See law 1 . 
ohon, ohone, interj. See hone, under O 2 . 
oicos (oi'kos), n.; pi. oicoi (-koi). [< MGr. 
olxof (see defs. particular uses of Gr. aloof, 
house, race, family, etc.).] 1. In medieval Or. 
poetry, a group or succession of Anacreontic 
dimeters, generally six in number, with or with- 
out anaclasis (^ v, - w | w-w or w<^-t 
| ^ ^ j. _) t and followed by trimeters, usually 
two (called the KOVKOV^IOV or 'hood'). Examples 
of the meter are found in the collection of pieces usually 
published with the poems of Anacreon, and known as Ana- 
creontics. Quantity is largely neglected In them. 
2. In the Gr. Ch., a hymn said or sung at the 
end of the sixth ode in a canon of odes. Also 
oikos. 
-Oid. [< F. -oide = Sp. Pg. It. -aide, < L. NL. 
-oides (3 syllables), < Gr. -o-ct6fa (also contr. 
"i, being eloof, form, resemblance, likeness 
(see idol), preceded by o, as the stem-vowel 
(orig. or supplied) of the preceding element of 
the compound. In the form -tjdr/f it often im- 
plies 'full of,' and seems to associate itself 
with the series of adjective terminations -/*?f, 
-aSr/f, etc.] A termination of many adjectives 
(and of nouns thence derived) of Greek origin, 
meaning 'having the form or resemblance' 
(often implying an incomplete or imperfect re- 
semblance) of the thing indicated, 'Uke,' as in 
anthropoid, like man, crystalloid, like crystal, 
hydroid, like water, etc. It is much used as an 
English formative, chiefly in scientific words. 
-oida. [NL., an irreg. neut. pi. form of -aides.] 
A termination of some New Latin terms of 
science. 
-oidea. [NL., neut. pi. of -oideus.] A termina- 
tion of some New Latin words in the neuter 
plural. 
-oidese. [NL., fern. pi. of -oideus.] A termina- 
tion of some New Latin terms of botany, etc. 
-oidei. [NL., masc. pi. of -Oldens.] A termina- 
tion of some New Latin terms of science. 
Oidemla (oi-de'mi-ii), . See (Edemia. 
-oides. [L., NL., etc., -oides, < Gr. -o<%: see 
-oid. ] The Latin or New Latin form of -oid, oc- 
curring in many New Latin terms of science. 
Oil 
-oidens. [NL., an extended and esp. adj. form 
of -vide.*.] A termination of some New Latin 
terms of science. 
Oidium (6-id'i-um), . [NL., < Gr. <i>6v, egg, + 
dim. suffix -<oW.] A genus of parasitic fungi, 
having the sterile hyphte decumbent and the 
sporophores erect. The conidla are ovoid, rather large, 
and hyaline or pale. They are thought to represent the 
conidlal stages of various Kryripheas. 0. fudreri, the 
Knmpcan grape-mildew, which produces only conidla, 
was thought to be the same as the destructive American 
grape-mildew, but the latter Is now known to produce 
oospores, and Is referred to Peronospora viticula. Thirty- 
five species of Oidium are admitted by Raccardo. See 
Feronospora, grape-mildew, grape-rot, mildew, Erytiphea. 
oigopsid (oi-gop'sid), a. and n. [Irreg. < Gr. 
otyvvvat, olytiv, poet, for awtyviivai, avoiyeiv, open, 
+ oifiif, vision.] I. a. Open-eyed, as a cephalo- 
pod ; having the cornea of the eye open, so that 
sea-water bathes the lens. Most of the living 
cephalopods are of this character. The word 
is opposed to myopsid. 
n. n. A member of the Oigojisida. 
Oigopsidae (oi-gop'si-de), n. pi. [NL.] A series 
(technically not a family) of decapod dibranchi- 
ate cephalopods which are not myopsid. 
oiko-. For words so beginning, see aeco-, eco-. 
oikos. n. See oicos, 2. 
Oil (oil), n. [Early mod. E. oile, oyle (dial, ile) ; 
< ME. oile, oyl, oyle, oille, oylle, oyele, < AF. oile, 
olie, OF. oile, oille, ole, uile, F. huile = Pr. ol, 
oli = Sp. oleo, OSp. olio = Pg. oleo = It. olio 
= AS. ele, a"le (which appears in E. aneaft, anele) 
= OFries. olie = D. olie = OLG. olig, MLG. olie, 
oley, oli, olige, olge, LG. olie = OHG. olei, oli, ole, 
MHG. olei, ole, ol, die, ol, Gr. ol = Icel. Sw. olja 
= Dan. olie (of. OBulg. olej (olei) = Croatian 
ulje = Serv. olaj, ulje = Bohcm. Pol. olej = Buss. 
olei = Hung, olaj = Albanian vli, < OHG. or G.) 
= W. olew =Gael. uill, olath, < L. oleum = Goth. 
aleio = OBulg. jelej (ielei) = Lith. alejus = Lett. 
elje, oil, < Gr. ITMiov, oil, esp. and orig. olive-oil ; 
cf. ifaia, an olive-tree (see Elans, etc.). It 
thus appears that all the forms are ult. from 
the Gr., the Teut. (except Gothic) and Celtic 
through the Latin, and the Gothic and older 
Slavic forms directly from the Greek.] 1. The 
general name for a class of bodies which have 
all or most of the following properties in com- 
mon : they are neutral bodies having a more or 
less unctuous feel and viscous consistence, are 
liquid at ordinary temperatures, are lighter 
than water, and are insoluble in it, but dissolve 
in alcohol and more readily in ether, and take 
fire when heated in air, burning with a lumi- 
nous smoky flame. The oils are divided into three 
classes, which have very different chemical composition 
and properties : the fatty or fixed oils, essential or rolatile 
oils, and the mineral oils. The fatty or fixed oils leave 
n permanent greasy stain on paper, are distinctly unc- 
tuous to the feel, and differ from fats chiefly in being 
liquid at ordinary temperatures. (See/o(.) Both are tri- 
glycerides of the fatty acids. The fatty oils are of both 
animal and vegetable origin, and are subdivided into the 
drying and the non-drying oils. The former class includes 
all oils which thicken when exposed to the air through the 
absorption of oxygen, and are converted thereby into var- 
nish, as, for example, linseed-, nut-, poppy-, and hempseed- 
olls. The non-drying oils when exposed to the air also 
undergo a change induced by fermentation, resulting in 
the formation of acrid, disagreeably smelling, acid sub- 
stances. The fixed vegetable oils are generally prepared 
by subjecting the seeds of the plant to pressure ; the ani- 
mal oils are, for the most part, the fluid parts of the fat of 
animals. Fixed oils are used as lubricants, as sources of 
artificial light, for the manufacture of soaps, and for many 
other purposes In the arts. Essential or volatile oils are 
generally obtained by distilling the vegetables which af- 
ford them with water ; they are acrid, caustic, aromatic, 
and limpid, and are mostly soluble In alcohol, forming 
essences. They boil at a temperature considerably above 
that of boiling water, some of them undergoing partial de- 
composition. Chemically considered, some are pure hy- 
drocarbons (terplnesX but most of them are mixtures of 
terpines with certain camphors and resins. They absorb 
oxygen quite rapidly, producing ozone, which gives to 
them bleaching properties. They are used chiefly in medi- 
cine and perfumery; and a few of them are extensively 
employed in the arts as vehicles for colors, and in the 
manufacture of Tarnishes, especially oil of turpentine. 
Mineral oils, petroleum and its derivatives, are mixtures 
of hydrocarbons, some being exclusively paraffins, others 
containing varying quantities of hydrocarbons of the ole- 
Une and benzene series. They are only of mineral origin, 
while the fatty and essential oils are solely of animal and 
vegetable origin. The mineral oils are now most largely 
used as sources of artificial light. Oil has been used for 
religions and ceremonial purposes under Judaism and 
Christianity as well as In other religions. Under the Mo- 
saic law it was mingled with or poured upon the flour or 
meal of the offerings at the consecration of priests and Le- 
vltes, those at the daily sacrifices, etc., and "meat-offer- 
ings " (meal-offerings) In general. K ings, priests, and pro- 
phets were anointed with oil (whence the title Haatiah or 
Christ). The oil for the sanctuary and for unction of priests 
was mixed with myrrh, cinnamon, calamus, and cassia 
(Ex. xxx. 22-33). In the Christian church anointing in- 
animate objects with oil signifies hallowing or dedicating 
them to God, and unction of persons symbolizes the be- 
stowal of the gifts or graces of the Holy Ghost and per- 
