Olive-shell or Rice- 
shell (Oli-va forphy- 
Ha). 
Any bird of the 
Oliver 
by the alternate action of a spring that raises the hammer 
and treadle-mechanism by which the foot of the operator 
forces the hammer down to deliver its blow. 
The oKeer is a heavier hammer worked with a treadle. 
Farlmghttv Jtev., N. S., XXXIX. 832. 
Oliver 2 (ol'i-ver), n. [A var. of elver, eel-fare.] 
A young eel. [Prov. Eng.] 
oliveret, [ME., < OF. Olivier = Pr. Oliver 
Sp. olivcra = Pg. olireira, an olive-tree, olive 
(cf . ML. oUvarium, an olive-yard, neut. ),< L. oli- 
varius, of or belonging to olives: see oHearjf.] 
An olive-grove ; an olive-tree. 
They brencle alle the comes in that lond, 
And alle her olivms and vynes eek. 
Chaucer, Monk's Tale, 1. 46. 
The two felowes that fledden he coraen to their felowes 
that were discended vnder an olyvere hem for to resten. 
Merlin (E. E. T. 8.X Hi. 541. 
Oliverian(ol-i-ve'ri-an), w. [< Olirer (see def.) 
+ -ian.J An adherent of Oliver Cromwell ; an 
admirer of the character or policy of Cromwell. 
A cordial sentiment for an Oliverian or a republican. 
Godwin, Mandeville, xli. 
olive-shell (ol'iv-shel), . In conch., any mem- 
ber of the Olhndce. 
olivet (ol'i-vet), n. [Appar. < 
olive + -e*.] A false pearl; 
especially, in French indus- 
tries, a pearl of the kind manu- 
factured for export to savage 
peoples. Comp&re false pearl, 
Roman pearl, under pearl. 
Oliyetan (ol'i-vet-an), . [< 
Ottveto (see def.) T -an.] A 
member of an order of Bene- 
dictine monks, founded in 
1313, at Siena, Italy: the 
name was derived from the 
mother-house at Monte Oli- 
veto, near Siena. 
olive-tree (ol'iv-tre), n. [< 
ME. olive-tre, olyff-tree, etc. ; 
< olive + tree."] See olive, 1. 
olive-tyrant (ol'iv-tl'rant), . 
subfamily Elteniince. 
olive-wood (ol'iv-wftd), n. 1. The wood of 
the common olive. It is of a brownish-yellow color, 
beautifully veined, hard, and suited to fine work, being 
well known in the form of small ornamental articles; in 
Europe it is sometimes used for furniture. 
2. The name of two trees, Elwodendronorientole 
of Mauritius and Madagascar, and E. australe 
of Australia. 
olivewort (ol'iv-wert), w. Any plant of the 
natural order Oleaceai. 
olive-yard (ol'iv-yard), n. An inclosure or 
piece of ground in which olives are cultivated. 
Ex. xxiii. 11. 
Olividse (o-liv'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < Oliva (< L. 
oliva, olive: see olive) + -idai.] A family of 
rachiglossate gastropods, typified by the genus 
Oliva; the olives or olive-shells. The head is 
small, the siphon recurved, and the foot often incloses 
a part of the shell, and has cross-grooves on each side in 
front, separating thepropodium from the main portion of 
the foot. The shell is long, with a short spire, a narrow 
mouth notched in front, and plicate columella ; it is finely 
polished, and is much used for ornamental purposes. The 
species are numerous in tropical seas. See cut under olioe- 
sheU. 
oliviform (o-liv'i-f firm), a. [< L. oliva, an olive, 
+ forma, form.] Having the form of an olive ; 
specifically, in conch. , resembling an olive-shell. 
Olivil, Olivile (ol'i-vil), . [< olive + -il, -ile.] 
A white, brilliant, starchy powder obtained 
from the gum of the olive-tree. 
olivin.. olivine (ol'i-vin), . [< olive + -in?, 
-jne 2 .] A common name of chrysolite, espe- 
cially of the forms occurring in eruptive rocks 
and in meteorites. See chrysolite. 
olivin-diabase (ol'i-vin-di"a-bas), n. A rock 
closely allied to diabase, and also to olivin- 
gabbro. According to Rosenhusch, olivin-diabase, of 
which the essential constituents are plagioclase, augite, 
and olivin, almost always contains a brown magnesian 
mica and brown hornblende, especially in occurrences 
which are of Paleozoic age, and which are gabbro-like in 
character. 
olivin-gabbro (ol'i-vin-gab"r6), . See gabbro. 
Oliyinic (ol-i-vin'ik), a. [< olivin + -ie.] Per- 
taining to, resembling, or characterized by the 
presence of olivin. 
olivinitic (ol"i-vi-nit'ik), a. Same as olivinic. 
olivin-norite (ori-vin-no"rit), n. See gabbro. 
olivin-rpck (ol'i-vin-rok), n. See peridotite. 
olla(ol'a; Sp.pron.ol'ya), n. [Sp.oBa (whence, 
in def. 2, E. olio) = Pg. ollia, an earthen pot, a 
jar, < L. olla, a pot.] 1. In Spanish countries, 
an earthen jar or pot used for cooking and oth- 
er purposes, or a dish of meat and vegetables 
cooked in such a jar. Hence 2. An olio. 3. 
4104 
A large porous earthenware jar or jug in univer- 
sal use in the southwestern parts of the United 
States and Territories for holding drinking- 
water, which is kept cool by the evaporation of 
moisture through the substance of the jar. 4. 
In archceol., a form of vase more properly called 
utamnos Olla podridalSp.. lit. 'rotten or putrid pot']. 
(a) A favorite Spanish dish consisting of a mixture of all 
kinds of meat, cut into small pieces and stewed, with vari- 
ous kinds of vegetables. 
I was at an olla podrida of his making ; 
Was a brave piece of cookery. 
B. Jonion, Staple of News, iii. 1. 
Hence (6) Any incongruous mixture or miscellaneous 
collection. 
ollam, ollamh (ol'am), n. [Ir. ollamh.'] Among 
the ancient Irish, a chief master; a professor; 
a doctor: a rank answering to the degree of 
doctor in some study as given by a university. 
The ollam, fili was the highest degree of the or- 
der of "fili" (poets). 
An ollam or doctor, who was provided with mensal land 
for the support of himself and his scholars. 
Knajc. Brit., XIII. 258. 
client, See olen. 
ollite (ol'it), n. [< L. olla, a pot, + -ite 2 .] In 
mineral., potstone. 
Olneya (ol'ni-a), n. [NL. (Gray, 1854), named 
after Stephen Olney, a Rhode Island botanist.] 
A genus of small trees of the polypetalous order 
Leguminos(e,ihe tribe Galegea, and the subtribe 
Bobimece, known by the wingless glandular pod 
with rigid valves, and the thick capitate stigma. 
There is but one species, 0. Tesota, native of California and 
New Mexico, hoary with minute hairs, and bearing white 
or purplish flowers in racemes, thornsbelow the leafstalks, 
and abruptly pinnate leaves, composed of numerous small 
rigid leaflets. From its hard, strong wood it is called ar- 
bot de hierro, or ironwood. 
olograph (ol'o-graf), n. An erroneous form of 
holograph. 
-ology. [1. P. -ologie = Sp. -ologia = Pg. It. -olo- 
gia = D. G. -ologie = Sw. -ologi = Dan. -ologie, 
< L. NL. -ologia,< Gr. -oAoyia, the terminal part 
of abstract nouns signifying the being or notion 
of what is denoted by a compound noun or ad- 
jective in -o'Aoynf (-o/Wyof when the verb is taken 
as active, -oAoyof when it is taken as passive) ; 
-oTwyla to be divided -o-'Aoy-ia, < -o-Aoy-op, being 
the final vowel -a- of the preceding element, + 
-ioy-, the form in deriv. and comp. of Atyeiv, 
speak, tell, gather, read, = L. legere, gather, 
read (see legend), -t- -of, the nom. term, of an 
adj. or noun, e. g. StoUyof, 6m-"A6y-of, speaking 
or one who speaks (discourses or reasons) about 
God (see theologue), dtiutiAyor;, speaking or one 
who speaks (pleads) in a cause, an advocate, 
hvjuMytu;, studying or one who studies the 
true origin of words, etc., an etymologist; 
hence (teo/loyi'a, dmoAoyia, krefuAtrfia. etc., the 
being a theologue, advocate, etymologist, etc., 
or that with which the theologue, advocate, 
or etymologist, etc., is concerned, theology, 
forensic pleading, etymology, etc. When the 
first element is a verb, however, as in {ja'Ao- 
'Aoyia, < 01/to/loyof, 'loving words or discourse' or 
learning (E. philology), and in some words in 
-ology < Gr. -aUyim (as martyrology, menology, 
etc.), /Idyof is directly concerned. Words in 
-olof/y, -logy, are usually accompanied by a noun 
of agent in -logtte, -loger, -logian, or -logist, and 
by adjectives in -logic, -logical. The second ele- 
ment is prop, -logy (-logue, etc.), the -o- belong- 
ing to the preceding element ; but the accent 
makes the apparent element in E. to be -ology, 
which is hence often used as an independent 
word (see ology). In this dictionary the forma- 
tions in -ology not existing in Gr. are reg. ex- 
plained as ' . . . + -Aoyia, < 'Aeyeiv, speak," 
etc., with a ref. to this article, the intervening 
form -/loyof, which often does not appear in 
use, being omitted. 2. F. -ologie, etc., < L. 
-ologia, < Gr. -otoyia, < -o/Wyof, derived in the 
same manner as above, < Myen>, gather: as, 
avBoAoyia, the gathering of flowers, < avBoAoyof, 
gathering or one who gathers flowers; Kapiro- 
Myia, the gathering of fruit, < KapiroUyog, gather- 
ing or one who gathers fruit, etc. See def. 2.] 
1 . A termination in many words taken from 
the Greek or formed of Greek elements, espe- 
cially words denoting a science or department 
of knowledge. See the etymology. 2. A termi- 
nation of some nouns of Greek origin (few or 
none of this kind being newly formed) in which 
-ology implies ' a gathering.' Examples are an- 
thology^, a gathering of flowers (distinguished 
from anthology' 1 , the science of flowers, a word 
of modern formation), and carpology. 
Ology (ol'o-ji), n. ; pi. ologiea (-jiz)". [< -/<///, 
as used in many terms denoting a particular 
Olpe (6). 
Olympic 
science or department of knowledge, as tlteolo- 
<iy, neology, philology, etymology, anthropology, 
biology, etc. : see -o/w/i/.] A science the name 
of which ends in -ology ; hence, any science or 
branch of knowledge. [Generally used jocu- 
larly.] 
He had a smattering of mechanics, of physiology, ge- 
ology, mineralogy, and all other oloyicx whatsoever. 
De Quincey. 
Now all the oloyies follow us to our burrows in onr news- 
paper, and crowd upon us with the pertinacious benevo- 
lence of subscription-books. 
Lmcett, New Princeton Rev., I. 158. 
Olor (o'lor), n. [NL., < L. olor, a swan.] A 
genus ofCygninai or swans, containing such as 
are white in plumage, without a frontal knob, 
and with a complicated windpipe. The whistling 
swans of Europe and America, Olor mvsiciia and 0. colum- 
biamis, and the North Amer- 
ican trumpeter, 0. buccinator, 
belong to this genus. See cut 
at trumpeter. 
olp, '. See olf. 
Olpe (ol'pe), M. [< Gr. 
oAirri (see def.).] In 
Gr. antiq.: (a) A lea- 
thern oil-flask used in 
the palaestra, etc. (6) 
A small pouring- or dip- 
ping-vase, somewhat of 
the form of the oino- 
choe, but in general 
with an even rim and 
no spout, and having 
the neck more open. 
In some examples, as 
in the cut, the rim is 
trifoliate. 
Olpidieae (ol-pi-di'e-e), n. pi. [NL., < Olpidium 
+ -ea\~\ A small suborder of zygomycetous 
fungi of the order Chytridiacea!, taking its name 
from the genus Olpidmm. They are destitute of 
mycelium and inhabit other fungi, causing peculiar swell- 
ings in the mycelium of their hosts. 
Olpidium (ol-pid'i-um), n. [NL., < Gr. OATH? 
(oAmd-), also b'ATrri, a leathern oil-flask.] A 
genus of zygomycetous fungi, with immotile 
plasmodia, round or slightly elongated sporan- 
gia, and ellipsoidal zoospores. Thirteen spe- 
cies are known. 
oltrancet, " Same as outrance. 
olusatrum (61-u-sa'trum), n. See alexanders, 1. 
oly-koek (6'li-kok), n. [D. oliekoek, formerly 
olikoek, = E. oil-cake.^ A cake of dough sweet- 
ened and fried in lard, richer and tenderer than 
a cruller : originally a Dutch delicacy. 
There was the doughty dough-nut, the tenderer oly Jtoele, 
and the crisp and crumbling cruller. 
Irving, Sleepy Hollow. 
Olympiad (o-lim'pi-ad), ?;. [< L. Olympias (-ad-), 
< Gr. 'O'AvftTri&f (-<5-), a period of four years, the 
interval between the Olympian games, < '0/U',u- 
ma, the Olympian games, neut. pi. of 'O/Wuwnof, 
Olympian: see Olympian,'} A period of four 
years reckoned from one celebration of the 
Olympic games to another, by which the Greeks 
computed time from 776 B. C., the reputed first 
year of the first Olympiad. To turn an Olympiad 
into a year B. C., multiply by 4, add the year of the Olym- 
piad less 1, and subtract from 780. Abbreviated 01. 
Olympiadic (o-lim-pi-ad'ik), . [< Olympiad 
+ -ic.~\ Of or pertaining to an Olympiad. 
Olympiadic era. See era. 
Olympian (o-lim'pi-an), o. and n. [< LL. Olym- 
piamiJi(Li. Olympiamts, Olympius),( (a) L. Olym- 
pus, < Gr. "O'Avinrof, Olympus, a mountain in 
Thessaly, the fabled seat of the gods; (b) L. 
Olympia, < Gr. '0/U>/(7na, a sacred region in Elis, 
where games in honor of the Olympian Zeus 
were held.] I. a. Same as Olympic. 
II. . A dweller in Olympus; one of the 
twelve greater gods of Greece Zeus, Hera, 
Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, Ares. 
Aphrodite, Hephfrstus, Hestia, Poseidon, and 
Demeter. 
Olympic (o-lim'pik), a. [< L. Olympiciis, < 
Gr. '0/U>u7ro, < "(Mf/OTof, Olympus, or 'W.vfi- 
Tr/a, Olympia: see Olympian.] Pertaining to 
Olympus or Mount Olympus, or to Olympia in 
Greece. Olympic games, the greatest of the four Pan- 
hellenic festivals of the ancient Greeks. They were cele- 
brated at intciTals of four years in honor of Zeus, in a sa- 
cred inclosure called the Altis on the banks of the Alpheus, 
in the plain of Olympia in Elis, containing the magnificent 
temple of the Olympian Zeus, and many other temples 
and religious, civic, and gymnastic structures, besides 
countless votive works of art. The festival began with 
sacrifices, followed by contests in racing, wrestling, etc., 
and closed on the fifth day with processions, sacrifices, 
and banquets to the victors. The victors were crowned 
with gill-hinds of wild nlivu : and on their return home they 
were received with extraordinary distinction, and enjoyed 
