THE CENTURY DICTIONARY 
PREPARED UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF 
WILLIAM DWI-GHT WHITNEY, PH. D., LL. D. 
PROFESSOR OF COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY AND SANSKRIT m YALE UNIVERSITY 
THE plan of " The Century Dictionary " in- miliar examples are words ending in or or our ical arts and trades, and of the philological 
eludes three things : the construction of a (as labor, labour), in er or re (as center, centre), sciences, an equally broad method has been 
general dictionary of the English language in ize or ise (as civilize, civilise) ; those having a adopted. In the definition of theological and 
which shall be serviceable for every literary single or double consonant after an unaccented ecclesiastical terms, the aim of the Dictionary 
and practical use ; a more complete collection vowel (as traveler, traveller), or spelled with e or has been to present all the special doctrines of 
of the technical terms of the various sciences, with ie or ce (as hemorrhage, luemorrhage) ; and the different divisions of the Church in such a 
arts, trades, and professions than has yet been so on. In such cases both forms are given, manner as to convey to the reader the actual 
attempted ; and the addition to the definitions with an expressed preference for the briefer intent of those who accept them. In defining 
proper of such related encyclopedic matter, one or the one more accordant with native legal terms the design has been to offer all the 
with pictorial illustrations, as shall constitute analogies. information that is needed by the general 
a convenient book of general reference. THE PRONUNCIATION. reader, and also to aid the professional reader 
About 200,000 words will be defined. The ,, , ,, by giving in a concise form all the important 
Dictionary will be a practically complete rec- No attempt has been made to record all the technical words and meanings. Special atten- 
ord of all the noteworthy words which have varieties of popular or even educated utter- ti h g j b id t the de fi n i tiong of 
. ... _ s ____ - ____ T_c -i-j. ____ L i H.TinA. np tn TAnnrt thp HAtp.rminafinTifl nMLfM Ytv ,-, 
been in use since English literature has ex- a ?J 6 ' or to report the determinations made by the prineipal te rms of painting, etching, en- 
isted, especially of all that wealth of new words different recognized authorities. It has been g rav f ng a ^ d various other art-processes: of 
and of applications of old words which has necessary rather to make a selection of words architecture, sculpture, archteology, decorative 
sprung from the development of the thought to wh , lch alternative pronunciations should be art ceramics etc : ; o f musical tfrms, nautical 
and life of the nineteenth century. It will re- accorded, and to give preference among these an( | military ' te ' etc . 
cord not merely the written language, but the according to the circumstances of each particu- 
spoken language as well (that is? all important } ar , ase ! m w ? the general analogies and ENCYCLOPEDIC FEATURES, 
provincial and colloquial words) andit will in- tendencies of English utterance. The scheme Th . j . f eNt ensive and varied a 
elude (in the one alphabetical order of the Die- ky^* 11 ^ 1 ^ne pronunciation is indicated, is quite -. +\\' ' + A *+' t *i>i 
tionary) abbreviations and such foreign words f^^'S^^^^j^ 1 ^^^ ^^fnH^to" ^dVe M! deVcriptio of "thin^ 6 often found 
and phrases as have become a familiar part of b ^^f n "L^d ' * ^l uRB? 8 f See^ev to essential to an intelligible definition of their 
h-no-lioh drtAftpn " ictiuiiy uiiuwibtuuu .uiu uuu. (oe -ixoy 10 u i i, / -- - 
.uu iisii speccn. T>, rt rt ^^ rt KV w \ names, would alone nave given 1 
. 
TUT: ETviim /~w-inc ar y a distinctly encyclopedic character. It has, 
ETYMOLOGIES. DEFINITIONS OF COMMON WORDS. however, been deemed desirable to go some- 
The etymologies have been written anew on j n the preparation of the definitions of com- w .hat further i n this direction than these con- 
a uniform plan, and in accordance with the es- mon wor <j s , there has been at hand, besides ditions render strictly necessary. 
tablished principles of comparative philology, the material generally accessible to students Accordingly, not only have many technical 
[t has been possible m many cases, by means o f the language, a special collection of quota- matters been treated with unusual fullness, 
of the fresh material at the disposal of the tions selected for this work from English books but much practical information of a kind which 
etymologist, to clear up doubts or difficulties o f a n jji nds and o f a n periods of the language, dictionaries have hitherto excluded has been 
hitherto restmg upon the history of particular which is probably mu 4 larei . than any 6 wh f c iJ added. The result is that "The Century 
words, to decide definitely in favor of one of has hitherto been made for the use of an English Dictionary" covers to a great extent the field 
several suggested etymologies, to discard nu- dictionary, except that accumulated for the of the ordinary encyclopedia, with this princi- 
merous current errors, and to give for the first Philological Society of London. Thousands of P al difference that the information given is 
time the history of many words of which the non-technical words, many of them occurring f<? r the most part distributed under the indi- 
etymologies were previously unknown or erro- j n t h e classics of the language, and thousands vidual words and phrases with which it is con- 
neously stated. Beginning with the current o f meanings, many of them familiar, which nected, instead of being collected under a few 
accepted form of spelling, each important word nav e not hitherto been noticed by the diction- general topics. Proper names, both biograph- 
has been traced back through earlier forms to ar ies, have in this way been obtained. The ial an d geographical, are of course omitted, ex- 
its remotest known origin. The various prefixes arrangement of the definitions historically, iu eept as they appear in derivative adjectives, as 
and suffixes useful in the formation of English t he order in which the senses defined have en- Darwinian from Darwin, or Indian from India. 
words are treated very fully in separate articles, tered the language, has been, adopted wher- T he alphabetical distribution of the encyclo- 
ever possible. pedic matter under a large number of words 
HOMONYMS. _j,p ,,. joTATIONS vnR, it is believed, be found to be particularly 
Words of various origin and meaning but , . helpful in the search for those details which 
of the same spelling, have been distinguished ^XX 1 J orm a very . ge collection (about are generally looked for in works of reference. 
by small superior figures (1 2 3 etc ) In 200,000), representing all periods and 
numbering these honfonyms the rule has been branches of English literature. ^The classics ILLUSTRATIONS. 
to give precedence to the oldest or the most of the language have been drawn upon, and The piotor ial illustrations have been so se- 
familiar, or to that one which is most nearly jaluable citations have been made from less i ec ted and executed as to be subordinate to the 
English in origin. The superior numbers ap- famous authors m all departments of htera- text while pO88e8sing a considerable degree of 
ply not so much to the individual word as to ture / American 5"" especially are repre- independen t suggestiveness and artistic value. 
the group or root to which it belongs, hence sent d ?JF?^ ful , lne ss than in any similar To g oure technical aecuraC y the illustrations 
the different grammatical uses of the same ?? ork ; -^^ st ?f, * uthol ? r a ? d o WO ^ 8"* edl ~ have, as a rule, been selected by the specialists 
homonym are numbered alike when they are *ffi cited will be published with the con- ^ ch of th ' e various d epa rtment s,and have 
separately entered in the Dictionary. Thus a eluding part of the Dictionary. in alj c | geg been exaniilie( f by t hem in proofs. 
verb and a noun of the same origin and the DEFINITIONS OF TECHNICAL TERMS. The cuts number about six thousand. 
same present spelling receive the same superior Much sr>c lia.* homi dnvntorl in th Hnoniii 
number But when two words of the same P form ^ ^of The variou^ sclencesf toe J?t MODE OF .SSUE, PRICE, ETC. 
and of the same radical ongm now differ con- chanieal art professions, and trades, and "The Century Dictionary" will be comprised 
siderably in meaning, so as to be used as dif- much care has been bestow ed upon their treat- in about 6,500 quarto pages. It is published 
fereut words, they are separately numbered. ment They have been collected by an extended by subscription and in twenty-four parts or 
THF ORTHOrRAPHY search through all branches of literature, with sections, to be finally bound in to six quarto vol- 
the design of providing a very complete and umes, if desired by the subscriber. These seo- 
Of the great body of words constituting the many-sided technical dictionary. Many thou- tions will be issued about once a month. The 
familiar language the spelling is determined sands of words have thus been gathered which price of the sections is $2.50 each, and no 
by well-established usage, and, however ac- have never before been recorded in a general subscriptions are taken except for the entire 
cidental and unacceptable, in manv cases, it dictionary, or even in special glossaries. To work. 
may be, it is not the office of a dictionary like the biological sciences a degree of promi- The plan for the Dictionary is more fully de- 
this to propose improvements, or to adopt those nence has been given corresponding to the re- scribed in the preface (of which the above is in 
which have been proposed and have not yet markable recent increase in their vocabulary, part a condensation), which accompanies the 
won some degree of acceptance and use. But The new material in the departments of biology first section, and to which reference is made. 
there are also considerable classes as to which and zoology includes not less than five thou- A list of the abbreviations used in the ety- 
usage is wavering, more than one form being sand words and senses not recorded even in mologies and definitions, and keys to pronun- 
sanctioned by excellent authorities, either in special dictionaries. In the treatment of phy- ciations and to signs used in the etymologies, 
this country or Great Britain, or in both. Fa- sical and mathematical sciences, of themechan- will be found on the back cover-lining. 
THE CENTURY CO., )) EAST 17 ST., NEW YORK. 
