ortho-axis 
nal axis that is, the lateral axis of a mono- 
clinic crystal which is ill right angles to the 
vertical nxis. 
Orthocephalic (or"tho-se-t'arik or -sef'a-lik), n. 
[< ortlini-i'/iliiil-i/ + -ii:\ Inhibiting or chanic- 
Icri/.cil l>\ orlhocephaly. 
orthocephaly (or-tho-sef'u-li), . [< Or. opftic, 
straight, + ittjaMi, head.]' The character of a 
skull whose vertical index is above 70 and not 
almve ".">; the c-hiiracter of a skull with an in- 
termediate cephalic, index. 
orthoceran (or-thos'c-ran), a. Pertaining to 
I lie genus OrlliiM-rnix. Science, III. 127. 
Orthoceras (<">r-t hos'e-ras), . [NL. (cf. Gr. !>/>- 
tlifKi/iur, straight-horned), < Gr. o/jftif, straight, 
+ idpaf, horn.] The typical gonus of Orllmn ru- 
tiilii', having the shell straight or but slightly 
curved. The species are very numerous, rang- 
ing from the Silurian to the Liassic. Also Or- 
thoerrntitcft, Orthocerus. 
Orthocerata (6r*tho-se-ra'ta), n. pi. [NL. : 
see Ortltoreras.] Same as Orthoceratidw. 
Orthoceratidse(6r*tho-8e-rat'i-de), n.pl. [NL., 
< Orthoceras {-cerat-) + -id<e.] A family of fossil 
tentaculiferous tetrabranchiate cepnalopods, 
typified by the genus Orthootrtu. They have a 
straight or scarcely curved chambered shell, with a central 
siphuncle and sometimes contracted aperture. Over 300 
speciei have been described, from North America, Europe, 
and Australia. They are among the most profusely and 
widely distributed shells of the old rocks. They attained 
greater size than any other fossil of the time, some frag- 
ments having been found which indicate a length of efeet. 
orthoceratite (or-tho-ser'a-tit), n. [< NL. Or- 
thoeeratites.] A fossil cephalopod of the genus 
Orthoceras or the family Orthoccratidce. Also 
orthoceratoid. 
Orthoceratites (or-tho-ser-a-ti'tez), [NL., 
as Orthoceran (-cerat-) + -ites.] Same as Ortho- 
ceras. 
orthoceratitic (6r-tho-ser-a-tit'ik), a. [< or- 
thoceratile + -ic.] Pertaining to or resembling 
orthoceratites; orthoceran: opposed to cyrto- 
ceratitic. 
orthoceratoid (or-tho-ser'a-toid), a. and n. [< 
nrlhoceratite + -aid.] I. a. Same as orthocera- 
tltic. 
II. n. Same as orthoceratite. 
Orthocerus (6r-thos'e-rus), n. [NL. : see Or- 
thoceras,] 1. In conch., same as Orthoceras. 
2. In entom., a genus of the coleopterous fam- 
ily Colydiida:, founded by Latreille in 1796, con- 
taining four European species, one of which, 
0. clavicornis, extends into Siberia. 
orthochromatic (6r*tho-kr6-mat'ik), a. [< Gr. 
op0of, correct, + XP&P , color: see chromatic.] 
In photog., correct in the relations or in the 
rendering of colors that is, free from the 
usual photographic fault of exaggerating the 
deepness of greens, yellows, and reds and the 
brightness of blues and violets. The epithet notes 
any process by means of which this end may be attained, 
or any plate, chemical, etc., used In such a process. Ordi- 
nary photographic dry plates in which a trace of such 
agents as eosin or chlorophyl is incorporated possess 
the orthochromatic property, which is greatly enhanced 
if the exposure is made through a transparent screen 
tinted to correspond with the prevalent color in the scene 
or picture, as green for a landscape, or yellow for a paint- 
ing characterized by draperies of that hue. Also expressed 
by isochromatic, an epithet implying equality of exposure 
to obtain similar results from opposed colors, contrary to 
the usual photographic experience. 
orthochromatize (6r-tho-kr6'ma-tiz), v. t.; pret. 
and pp. orthochromatized, ppr. orthochromatiz- 
ing. [< orthochromat(ic) + -ize.] In photog., 
to render orthochromatic, as a plate ; bring 
into conformity with the conditions necessary 
to obtain a correct rendering of color-values. 
orthpclase (or'tho-klaz), n. [< Gr. 6p86f, 
straight, right, + nhaatc, fracture: see clastic.] 
Common or potash feldspar, a silicate of alu- 
minium and potassium, occurring in monoclinic 
crystals and also massive. It has two perfect cleav- 
ages, at right angles to each other (whence the name). It 
varies much in color, from white to yellow, red, and green. 
Aduhiria, including most moonstone, is a crystallized va- 
riety, transparent or nearly so, characteristic especially of 
the crystalline rocks of the Alps ; valencianite, from Valen- 
ciana, Mexico, is similar to it. Sanidlne is a glassy vari- 
ety, usually containing more or less soda ; it is character- 
istic of certain igneous rocks, as trachyte, phonolite, etc. ; 
rhyacolite, from Monte somma, Vesuvius, is similar. Loxo- 
clase is a variety from Hammond, New York, and murchi- 
sonite one from Exeter, England, the latter showing gold- 
en-yellow reductions on a surface nearly parallel to the 
orthopinacoid. Orthoclase is an essential constituent of 
granite and some other crystalline rocks, and often occurs 
in large masses in granite-veins, and is then quarried and 
used in making pottery. Much of the potash feldspar 
called oi-tboclase is really the related tricllnic species mi- 
crocline. The name anorthoclaxe has been given to some 
kinds of triclinic feldspar containing considerable potash, 
which are more closely related to albite than to microcline 
in optical characters. See feldspar. Also called orthose. 
4161 
orthoclastic (or-tho-klas'tik), . [< Gr. 
straight, right, + K'/anrm;, verbal adj. of K%av, 
break.] Characterised by cleavages at right 
angles to OTIC another: said of certain species 
of the feldspar group, particularly orthoclase ; 
pertaining to such species, or specifically to 
orthoclase. 
Orthocoela (or-tho-se'ia), . pi. [NL., < Gr. 
bpH6f, straight, + KO&.OC, hollow.] One of three 
orders into which the rhabdococlous turbella- 
rians are sometimes divided. 
orthpccelic (6r-tho-se'lik), a. [< Gr. bpSaf, 
straight, + icoMa, the belly, the intestines.] 
Arranged in straight or parallel folds: applied 
to the intestines of birds when they are thus 
disposed, in distinction from cycloccelic. 
orthodiagonal (or'tho-dl-ag'o-nal), n. and a. 
[< Gr. o^wof, straight, + tiayaim; , diagonal : see 
fli(/(/onal.] I. n. In crystal., the diagonal or 
lateral axis in a monoclinic solid which is at 
right angles with the vertical axis; also, the 
plane which includes the two axes named. 
H. a. Pertaining to or in the direction of 
the orthodiagonal. 
orthodomatic (6r'tho-do-mat'ik), a. [< ortho- 
iliunc 4- -ah'c 2 .] Pertaining to or in the direc- 
tion of an orthodome. 
orthodome (6r'tho-dom), n. [< Gr. btxt6f, 
straight, + <5o>of, tufia, a house: see domcl,5.] 
In crystal., a dome, in the monoclinic system, 
parallel to that lateral axis which is at right 
angles to the vertical axis. It is properly a 
hemidome, since a given form includes but 
two planes. See dome 1 , 5. 
orthodox (6r'tho-doks), a. [= F. orthodoxe = 
Sp. ortodoxo = Pg. orthpdoxo = It. ortodosso, < 
LL. orthodoxus, < LGr. bp66fofof, having a right 
opinion, < Gr. bp06f, straight, right, correct, + 
cwf a, opinion : see dogma, doxology. ] 1 . Holding 
what is regarded as the correct opinion, or cor- 
rect opinions, especially in regard to religious 
or theological doctrines ; sound in opinion or 
doctrine; specifically, conforming to the faith 
of the Church Catholic, as represented in its 
primitive ecumenical creeds: applied to per- 
sons or doctrines. That which seems to one part of 
the Christian church orthodox may be held by another to 
be heterodox. Thus, the Roman Catholic Church regards 
Protestant churches as heterodox; again, the Reformed 
churches sometimes deny the title orthodox to one another ; 
and generally those who hold to the Trinitarian faith deny 
the epithet orthodox to the Unitarians and Universalists. 
Orthodoxy is not usually denied to those who are charged 
with having added articles to the ecumenical faith of 
Christendom, but only to those who are charged with de- 
nying a part of that faith. Thus, the Roman Catholic is 
not ordinarily refused by Protestants the right to the epi- 
thet orthodox; nor are Trinitarians denied the right to 
that epithet by those of Unitarian belief. Orthodox is the 
common epithet of the Greek Church (of which the full 
official title is "the Holy Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Ori- 
ental Church "X as Catholic is of the Roman Church. [The 
word is employed locally in New England to designate the 
Trinitarian Congregational churches as distinguished from 
those of the same order which hold the Unitarian or Uni- 
versalist faith, as in the phrase "the Orthodox Church." 
It is also used to distinguish the Trinitarian Quakers from 
those whose belief is or tends toward Unitarianism.) 
Tis the Orthodox Tenet, that there never was any re- 
mission of Sins but by the blood of the Lamb that was 
slain from the beginning of the World. 
Milton, Ana. to Salmasius, Works, III. 182. 
Orthodox, orthodox, 
Wha believe in John Knox, 
Let me sound an alarm to your conscience. 
Burns, The Kirk's Alarm. 
2. [cop.] Of or pertaining to the Greek Church. 
The Orthodox population in Cattaro and all the coasts 
thereof is always a large minority, and in some places it 
actually outnumbers the Latins. 
E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 198. 
Orthodox school, in pot it. econ. See political. =Syn. 
1. Orthodox, Evangelical. (See the definitions of these 
terms.) It is natural for all who care about their doctri- 
nal beliefs to claim the titles that indicate correctness of 
belief. Hence orthodox is a part of the name of the Greek 
Church ; to the Roman Catholic orthodox means faithful 
to the tenets of the Roman Church ; in the doctrinal con- 
tests of America orthodoxh&s generally meant Calvinistic, 
especially as opposed to Unitarianism and Universalism ; 
in England it has as generally meant High-church, as op- 
posed to Low-church or evangelical. Evangelical, meaning 
in harmony with the Gospel, has been claimed somewhat 
similarly and for a like reason, but has been especially 
applied to those who emphasize the doctrine of salvation 
by faith in Christ alone. 
orthodoxalt (or'tho-dok-sal), a. [< orthodox + 
-al.~\ Orthodox. 
Our opinions and practises herin are of late turnd quite 
against all other Protestants, and that which is to them 
orthotloxal to us become scandalous and punishable by 
statute. Milton, Civil Power. 
orthodoxalityt (or"th6-dok-sari-ti), . [< or- 
thodoxal + -ity.~\ Orthodoxy. Cudworth. 
orthodoxallyt (6r'tho-dok-sal-i), adv. In an 
orthodox manner; orthodoxly. 
orthognathous 
In plane English, more warily, more judiciously, more 
orthoaiaaUy then twice their number of <lhin.s have don 
in many a prolix volume. Milton, civil r^uc i. 
orthodoxasticalt(6r*tho-dok-8!is'ti-kal),nf. [< 
LGr. iV/WofaoT/Kof, < b/>OoiofaaTfjf, having a right 
opinion, < o^drfofof, having a right opinion : see 
ortltodujc.'] Same as i>rtli<><lo.r. 
But also hath excommunicated them an heretikcs which 
appeare heere to be more orthmlvj-ufliriill Christians than 
they themselues. Foxe, Martyrs, p. 258. 
orthodoxical (or'tho-dok-si-kul), a. [< ortho- 
dox + -!>-/.] Pertaining to orthodoxy; char- 
acterized by orthodoxy; orthodox. 
orthodoxly (Or'tho-doks-li), adv. With sound- 
ness of faith ; in a manner conformed to the 
teachings and practice of those who hold the 
orthodox or true faith. 
You err most orthodoxly. sweet Sir Kit. 
W. Cartwright, The Ordinary, 111. 5. 
A primitive old lady . . . orthodoxly crossed herself 
whenever the carriage gave a jolt. 
A. J. C. Hare, Russia, Iv. 
orthodoxness (dr'tho-doks-nes), n. The state 
of being orthodox ; orthodoxy. 
orthodoxy (6r'tho-dok-si), n. [= F. orthodoxie 
= Sp. ortodoxia = Pg. orthodoxia = It. ortodos- 
sia, < ML. orthodoxia = Ar. arlodoksi, < LGr. bp- 
8o6oi;ia, correctness of opinion, < bfiOAfo^of, hav- 
ing a right opinion : see orthodox.} The char- 
acter of being orthodox ; correctness of opinion ; 
soundness of doctrine, especially in theology; 
specifically, in theol., conformity to the faith of 
tne Church Catholic, as represented in its primi- 
tive ecumenical creeds, or to the Greek Church, 
called Orthodox Feast of Orthodoxy, in the Or. 
('ft., a festival celebrated on Orthodoxy Sunday in com- 
memoration of the final overthrow of the Iconoclasts. It 
was instituted A. n. 842 or 848, on the restoration of icons 
at Constantinople under the regency of the empress Theo- 
dora. Orthodoxy Sunday, in the Or. Ch., the flrst Sun- 
day in Lent. On this Sunday anathemas are solemnly read 
against various heresies. 
orthodromic (6r-tho-drom'ik), a. [< orthodro- 
m-y + -ic.] Of or pertaining to orthodromy. 
orthodromics (6r-tho-drom'iks), n. [PI. of or- 
thodromic: see-ics.] The art of sailing in the 
arc of a great circle, which is the shortest dis- 
tance between two points on the earth's surface. 
orthodromy (6r'tho-dr6-mi), n. [< Gr. *bp666po- 
/iof, running straight forward (cf. bi>6oopo/i{iv, 
run straight forward), < bpttof, straight, + 6pa- 
lielv, run.] The act or art of sailing on a great 
circle or in a straight course. 
orthoepic (or-tho-ep'ik), a. [< orthoep-y + -ic.] 
Of or pertaining to orthoepy. 
It Is often impossible to suggest any explanation of 
orthoepic mutations. 
G. P. Manh, Lects. on Eng. Lang., xxii. 
orthoepical (6r-tho-ep'i-kal), a. [< orthoepic 
+ -al.] Same as orthoepic. 
orthoepically (6r-tho-ep'i-kal-i), adv. In an 
orthotpic manner; with correct pronunciation. 
orthoepist (or'tho-e-pist), n. [= F.orthoepiste 
= It. ortoepista ; as orthoep-y + -int.] One who 
is skilled in orthoepy; one who writes on or- 
thoepy. 
orthoepistic (or'tho-e-pis'tik), a. [< orthoepist 
+ -ic.] Of or pertaining to an orthoepist or to 
orthoepists. 
Attempting to show that formerly h was not pronounced 
in English, and that it was altogether an orthoepistic fancy 
to pronounce it. 
A. J. Ellis, quoted in J. Uadley's Essays, p. 264. 
orthoepy (6r'tho-e-pi or 6r-tho'e-pi), n. [= F. 
orthoepie = It. ortoepia, < Gr. bpdotircta, correct 
speaking or pronunciation, < bpf>oe-eiv, speak or 
pronounce correctly, < bpdof, right, correct, + 
In-of, a word: see ejtic.] 1. The art of uttering 
words with propriety; a correct pronunciation 
of words. 2. That part of grammar (often in- 
cluded under orthography) which treats of pro- 
nunciation. More recently called phonology. 
orthogamyt (or-thog'a-mi), n. [< Gr. opSoc, 
straight, 4- yafiof, marriage.] In bot., direct or 
immediate fertilization, without the interven- 
tion of any mediate agency. 
orthognathic (6r-thog-nath'ik), a. [As orthog- 
nath-ous + -ic.] Same as orthognathous. 
orthognathism (6r-thog'na-thizm), n. [As or- 
thognath-ovs + -ism.] The orthognathous state 
or condition ; the character of being orthogna- 
thous. Also orthof/iiath;/. 
This [a small craniofacial angle] is the fundamental 
condition of ... orthoynathigin. 
Huxley, Anat Vert., p. 42ft 
orthognathous (6r-thog'na-thus), a. [< NL. or- 
thognatlitis, < Gr. bp66f, straight, + jrdflof, the 
jaw.] Straight-jawed ; having the profile of the 
face vertical or nearly so, in consequence of the 
