Osmanthus 
Osmanthus (os-man'thus), n. [NL. (Loureiro, 
1790), < Or. boftq, odor, + i>#of, flower.] Agenus 
of shrub* and trees of the gMnOMMaOU order 
nlntri'ii' and the tribe llli IHCII; known by the 
imbricated corolla-lobes, and thick, hard, woody 
endociirp. There are about 8 species, natives of North 
America, eastern A>i;i, ;iml iln- I'neiilc. They bear oppo- 
site evergreen umli\ i'l-'d leaves, and small flowers in axil- 
lary clusters, followed l>y wooily or stony roundish drupes. 
The highly fniKruut (lowers of O. frayranit, an evergreen 
Klirit I M if i liin:i ami .In pan, all on! ;i perfumers' oil, and are 
llscl hy tin- Chinese to KcL-nt tea. (). A jm'riccwtw, of the 
southeastern 1 nilrtl States, is called devil-wood. 
OSmate (os'mat), . [< n.v;(ic) + -at* 1 .] In 
clifin., a wait of osmic acid. 
osmaterium, . See .,/< /<///. 
osinazomet (os'ma-zom), n. [Irreg. < Gr. ba/tf/, 
odor (xeo osmium), + faftof, broth, soup, prob. < 
Cfiv, boil.] That part of the aqueous extract of 
meat which is soluble in alcohol and contains 
the flavoring principle. 
Osmeroides (os-me-roi'dez), n. [NL., < L. os- 
uifniH, t lie smelt, +' Gr. d<5of, form.] A genus of 
fossil fishes occurring in the chalk, and resem- 
bling the smelt, or rather the pearlside. 
osmeteriuni (os-me-te'ri-um), H. ; pi. osmeteria 
(-ii). [NL., also o.iiitateriitm; irreg. < Gr. bofir/, 
odor, + -T>n>im>, a formative suffix.] In entoin., 
any organ devoted to the production of a scent 
4187 
ment for measuring the acuteness of the sense 
of smell. 
osmometricfos-nio-met'rik), a. [As osmomcter 
+ -ic.] Of or pertaining to osmometry. 
osmometry (os-inoin'et-ri), n. [As osmometer + 
-y] 1. The act or process of measuring os- 
raotic force by means of an osmometer. 2. The 
measuring of the intensity of odors. 3. The 
measuring of the acuteness of the sense of 
Sllll'll. 
osmonosology (os'mp-no-sol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. 
, smell, + I'orjor, disease, + -Aoyuz, < Myetv, 
gpeak: see -oloyi/.] The science of, or a trea- 
tise on, the diseases of the sense of smell. 
osmonosus (os-mon'p-sus), n. [NL., < Gr. 
<>//, smell, + vuaof, disease.] Disorder of the 
sense of smell. 
Osmorrhiza(o8-mo-ri'za), . [NL.(Raftnesque, 
1N-1), < Gr. 607/17, odor, '+ /Ca, root.] A genus 
of perennial herbs of the order Umbelliferce, the 
tribe Amminece, and the subtribe Scandicinea-, 
known by the numerous obscure oil-tubes and 
prominently ridged fruit. There are 6 species, of 
North America, the Andes, Himalayas, and northeastern 
Omtttntta rtfatft. Part 
of a frond with upper pinna? 
changed into a panicle of *po> 
la. (Much reduced.) 
Head and Thoracic Segments of Larva of Pafilio crtspkmtts, show- 
ing osmeteria. a, front view ; *, side view. (Natural size.) 
or odor; specifically, a forked process found 
on the first segment behind the head of certain 
butterfly-larva) . Scent-vesicles can be protruded from 
the ends of the fork, emitting a disgusting odor, which is 
supposed to repel ichneumon-flies and other enemies. 
Osmia(os'mi-a),n. [NL.,<(f)Gr.o<7/i//,odor: see 
osmium.]- Agenus of mason-bees of the family 
ApidataaA the subfamily Dasygastrinae, founded 
by Panzer in 1806. Their habits are very diverse, but 
they mainly agree in forming the partitions of their cells of 
mud, a point which distinguishes them from the carpen- 
ter-bees and upholsterer-bees (Xylocopa and Megacltilf). 
They are mostly of small size and metallic colors ; the an- 
tenna: are simple and similar in both sexes ; the maxillary 
palpi are four-jointed ; and the abdomen is globose. They 
are highly organized Insects of remarkable instincts. The 
species are numerous. O. bicornit is an abundant British 
species known as horned bee. See mason-bee, 
osmic (os'inik),<i. [< osmium + -ic.] Inchem., 
pertainiugto or obtained from osmium : as, os- 
IH ir acid (E^OsO^). 
osruidrosis (os-mi-dro'sis), n. [NL.,< Gr. 607*77, 
smell, odor, + Wfiuatf, sweat, perspiration: see 
/nV;vww.] The secretion of strongly smelling 
perspiration. Also called bromidrosis. 
osmious (os'mi-us), a. [< osmium + -ous.] Of 
or belonging to osmium; specifically, noting 
an oxid of osmium. 
osmiridium (os-mi-rid'i-um), n. [NL., < osmi- 
ii in + iritlium.] Same as Mdosmium. 
osmium (os'mi-um), n. [NL., < Gr. oo-fiy, bS/ji/, 
smell, odor, < t^ctv, smell: see odor.] Chemi- 
cal symbol, Os ; atomic weight, 191. One of the 
metals of the platina group. It does not occur 
native, but has been found to constitute a part of the 
native platinaof all the platiniferous regions (South Amer- 
ica, California, Australia. Russia), in the form of iridos- 
miue, an alloy of the metals osmium and iridinm. The 
speciuc gravity of the artificially obtained metal has been 
found to be 22.477 ; hence it is the heaviest of those bod- 
ies. It has never been fused. Its crystalline form is 
either that of the cube or that of a very obtuse rhombo- 
hedron. The crystals are of a bluish-white color, with a 
violet Ulster, and are harder than glass. Osmium is not 
used in the arts, except in the form of iridosmium, of 
which material the tips of gold pens are made. 
osmodysphoria (<>s"mo-dis-f6'ri-a), n. [NL.,< 
Gr. ba/a'/, smell, odor, + <5va6opia" pain hard to 
be borne: see dyspkoria.] Intolerance of cer- 
tain odors. 
osmogene (os'mo-jon), n. [< Gr. <joy5f, im- 
pulsion (see osmose), + -yevf/s, producing: see 
-ffcn.] An apparatus to carry out the process 
of osmosis. Osmogenes consist substantially of cells 
separated by partitions of parchment-paper, which causes 
cndosmotic and exoamotic action as explained under o- 
ttwtte. The differences in construction do not affect the 
principle of action. See colloid and crystalloid. Also 
called otfinotic. 
osmometer (os-mom'e-ter), . [< Gr. uepof, 
impulsion (see osmose), + fttrpov, measure.] 1. 
An instrument or apparatus for measuring the 
velocity of the osmotic force. 2. An instru- 
Sweet Cicely (Osmorrhua 
I, umbel ; 2, root and one of the leaves : a, an umbcllet with the in- 
volucre ; b, the fruit. 
Asia. They bear loose compound umbels of white flowers, 
and dissected fern-like leaves. Their thick and anise- 
scented roots are often edible. 
osmose (os'mos), n. [< NL. osnwsis, < Gr. ua^, 
impulsion, pushing, < aBeiv, thrust, push, im- 
peL] The impulse or tendency of fluids to pass 
through porous partitions and mix or become 
diffused tnrough each other; the phenomena at- 
tending the passage of fluids, whether liquids 
or gases, through a porous septum, it is a kind 
of diffusion (see d\/Msion), and includes cndnfmosU and 
exosmons the former being- distinguished either as the 
tendency of the outer fluid to pass through into the inner, 
or as the action of that fluid which passes with the greater 
rapidity into the other. When two saline solutions dif- 
fering in strength and composition are separated by a 
porous diaphragm or septum of bladder, parchment- paper, 
or porous earthenware, they mutually pass through and 
mix with each other; but they pass with unequal rapidi- 
ties, so that after a time the height of the liquid Is not 
the same on both sides. These phenomena are explained 
by the unequal molecular attraction exerted between the 
capillary apertures In the porous diaphragm and the dif- 
ferent liquids experimented upon. 
osmosis (os-mo'sis), n. [NL. : see osmose, and 
cf. endosmosis, exosmosis.] The diffusion of 
fluids through membranes. See osmose. 
osmositic (os-mo-sit'ik), a. [< osmose + -ite 2 
+ -ic.] Same as osmotic. Johns Hopkins BM. 
Lab., m. 40. 
osmotic (os-mot'ik), a. and . [< osmose (-ot-) + 
-ic.] I. a. Of or pertaining to or characterized 
by osmose : as, osmotic force. 
K[. . Same as osmogene. 
osmotically (os-mot'i-kal-i), adv. By osmosis ; 
diffusively. 
Osmund 1 (os'mund), . [Formerly also osmond; 
< ME. osmunde, < OF. (and F.) osmonde = It. 
osmonda, osmunda, < ML. osmunda, also dim. 
(iKiniinduIn, and, as if two words, os tumuli, the 
water-fern, St. Christopher's herb, osmund.] 
A fern of the genus Osmunda. Also called wa- 
ter-fern, St. Christopher's hero, and tierb-chris- 
topher. 
Osmund- (os'mund), n. [Formerly also osmond ; 
< late ME. osmonde ; origin not clear.] A bloom 
of iron produced in an osmund furnace. See 
furnace. 
And for the moost crafty thynge how ye shall make your 
hokes of stele & of osmonde, some for the dubbe and some 
for the flote & the grounde. 
Juliana Btrnrrs, Treatyse of Fysshynge, fol. 2, back. 
osprey 
One crayer laden with omturufo, and with dluers other 
merchandises. IJaMuyt'i Voyagti, I. 170. 
Otmondt, a word us'd In some statutes for the Oar of 
which Iron Is ma. I,'. E. I'hOlipt, 1708. 
Osmunda (os-mun'dji), ii. [NL. (TournefoH. 
1700), < ML. OMMMOo, osmund: see omitutid 1 .] 
A genus of handsome 
ferns, widely distributed 
throughout north tem- 
perate regions, and typi- 
cal of the order Osmun- 
dacctt'. The fronds are tall 
and upright, growing In large 
clowns from a thick* nn) 
rootatock. and are once or 
twice pinnate. The fertile 
frin ids or the fertile parts 
of the fronds are destitute of 
ehloroiih)!. very much con- 
tracted, and bear on the mar- 
gins of the narrow rachis-like 
divisions the naked short - 
pedlccllnd sporangia, which 
are globular, thin, and reticu- 
lated, and open by a longitu- 
dinal cleft Into two halves. 
The spores are green. .Six 
species are known, of which 
three are found in North 
America, 0. reyalu being the royal fern or osmund royal, 
also called boy-onion, buckhorn brake, ditch-fern, and Inng- 
Jern. The root of this, when boiled, Is very slimy, and is 
used in stiffening linen. It is also employed as a tonic 
and styptic. O. cinnain&mea is the cinnamon-fern. 
Osmundaceae (os-mun-da'se-e), n. pi. [NL. 
(Martius, 1835), < Osmunda '+ -acea;.] An or- 
der or suborder of ferns, typified by the genus 
Osmunda. The sporangia are naked, globose, mostly 
pedicelled, reticulated, without annulus or with only mere 
traces of it near the apex, opening by a longitudinal silt 
into two valves. It embraces 2 genera, Oanunda with 
6 species, and Todea with 4 species. Also Onnundinea. 
osmundaceous (os-mun-da'shius), a. [< Os- 
mutida + -aceotw.] In hot., pertaining to or re- 
sembling the genus Osmunda or the order Os- 
mundace<e. 
Osmundineae (os-mun-din'e-e), n.pl. [NL., < 
Oxmunda + -in- + -ets.] Same as Osmundacea: 
osnaburg (os'na-berg), n. [So called because 
first manufactured at Osnabury in Germany.] 
A coarse cloth made of flax and tow. 
oso-berry (o'so-ber'i), n. [< Amer. Ind. (T) oso 
+ E. berry 1 ] A shrub or small tree of west- 
ern North America, NuttaUia cerasiformis. It has 
greenish-white flowers in racemes, blooming very early, 
followed by blue-black drupes with thin bitter pulp. 
Osphradial (os-fra'di-al), a. [< osphradium + 
-a!.] Of or pertaining to the osphradium: as, 
the osphradial nerve or ganglion. E. K. Lan- 
kester, Encyc. Brit,, XVI. 645. 
osphradium (os-fra'di-um), n. ; pi. osphradia 
(-ii). [NL., < Gr. ba<f>padtov, an olfactory (medi- 
cine), dim. otuaQpa, smell; cf. boQpaiveoQai, smell, 
on/if/, smell, ofetv, smell: see osmium.] The so- 
called olfactory organ of mollusks ; a patch or 
tract of specially modified epithelium of the 
body-wall at the base of the ctenidium, supplied 
with a special nerve, supposed to smell, taste, 
or otherwise test the water which the animal 
breathes, thus functioning as a special sense- 
organ. 
osphresiologic (os-fre'si-o-loj'ik), a. [< os- 
pli resioloy-y + -ic.] Of or pertaining to osphre- 
siology. Amer. Jour. Fsyckol., I. 500. 
osphresiology (os-fre-si-ol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. ba- 
ippr/aif, a smelling, smell (< botytaiveoflai, smell: 
see osphradium), + -/.oyia, < Afje/v, speak: see 
-ology.] The science or study of the sense of 
smell ; also, a treatise on smelling and odors. 
Osphromenidse (os-fro-men'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Osphriwienus + -ida.] A family of anabantoid 
acanthopterygian fishes, typified by the genus 
Osphromenus, Caving the mouth contracted and 
no palatine teeth. These fishes are related to the 
climbing perches, AnabanKdcc, and like them have laby- 
rinthiform pharyngeals constituting abranchial apparatus 
which enables them to breathe air for a time. The second 
pair of superior pharyngeal bones are present, and the 
fourth are greatly elongated. In the older systems and 
that of Bonaparte the family corresponded to the Cuvier- 
ian " fishes with labyrinthiform pharyngeals." It includes 
the goramy and related fresh-water fishes of India. 
Osphromenus (os-from'e-nus), n. [NL., < Gr. 
6<T0/xS//cvof, ppr. of bofypaivtafau, smell: see os- 
phradium.] A genus of labyrinthine acanthop- 
terygian fishes, typical of the family Osphro- 
iii i iiifla. It contains the goramy, O. olfax or O. 
osphyomyelitis (os'fi-o-mi-e-li'tis), n. [NL., 
< Gr. oaifii'f, the loin, -f- NL. myelitis.] In pa- 
thol,, lumbar myelitis. 
osprayt, An obsolete form of osprey. 
osprey (os'pra), n. [Formerly also ospray ; also 
osurintt. osfjiringer (appar. simulating spring) ; 
< late 'ME. ospray for "o*/roy,< OF. 'osfraie, or- 
