osteoporosis 
bid absorption of bone proceeding from the 
Haversian canals, so that it becomes abnor- 
mally porous. 
osteopsathyrosis c- te-op-sath-i-ro'sis). n. 
[XL., < l!r. bnrfni; a bone, + il>attvfi6<;, friable, 
(rumbling, loose, not cohering, < njiaur, crum- 
ble away, vanish.] Fragility of the bones. 
Osteopterygii(<>s-te-'>i>-te-ri.j'i-i), . i>l. [XL., 
< (ir. itarfof, bone, + -ripi'i (TTTI/>V)-), wing.] 
In Macloay's classification of lishes, one of five 
orders, including all fishes with branchiic free 
externally : thus almost equivalent to the class 
of true teleostomous fishes. 
OSteqpterygious (os-te-op-te-rij'i-us), n. Per- 
taining to the Otteopttrygtt, or having their 
characli-ix. 
osteosarcoma (os*'te-o-sar-k6'rnft), n.; pi. osteo- 
miiTiiiiinla (-ma-ta). [NL., < Or. barter, bone, 
+ niipKu/in, a fleshy excrescence : see tturcinira. } 
A tumor composed of intermingled bony anil 
sarcomatous tissue. 
osteosarcomatous (os'te-o-sar-kom'a-tus), a. 
[< oxti'iixnrconui(t-) + -OHX.] Pertaining to, of 
the nature of, or characterized by osteosar- 
coma: as, ostcosarcomatous tumors. 
osteosclerosis (os"te-6-skle-r6'sis), n. [NL., 
< Gr. boreov, bone, + ^L. sclerosis.] The ex- 
cessive formation of bone-tissue in the Haver- 
sian canals and other spaces of bone, so that 
it becomes denser. 
Osteospermum (os'te-o-sper'mum), n, [NL. 
(Linneeus, 1737), < Gr. bareov, bone, + aircp/ui t 
seed.] A genus of composite plants of the 
tribe Calendulacea; distinguished by the thick, 
hard, and wingless achenia of the ray-flowers, 
the disk-flowers being frequently all sterile. 
The species number 38, all South African ; they are most- 
ly shrubs or shrubby plants, the small or middle-sized 
yellow heads solitary at the ends of the branches or loose- 
ly pauicled. The genus name is sometimes translated 
bonfgeed for common use. 0. ../>''""*"<, a spiny bush, and 
O. moniliftrttm, the jungle-sunflower (which see, under 
*unil>i';'i-i. have sometimes been cultivated In Europe. 
OSteostomous (os-te-os'to-inus).a. [< Gr. 6<r- 
riov, bone, + ard/id, mouth.] Having a bony 
mouth that is, ossified jaws. 
osteotheca (os'te-o-the'kji), n. ; pi. osteothecte 
(-se). [NL., < Gr. ooroi',"bone, + fty/o?, box.] 
A reliquary for the bones of a saint. 
osteotome (os'te-o-tom), n. [< Gr. barlov, bone, 
-f- -TO/IOC, < Tf/ivetv, ra/ieiv, cut.] In surg. , a saw- 
like instrument for cutting bones, specifically 
one for cutting the bones of the fetal cranium 
when it is necessary to reduce it considerably 
to permit delivery. 
osteotomy ( os- te- of o -mi), n. [< Gr. barlov, 
bone, + -rofiia, < rt/tvciv, ra/iftv, cut.] In surg., 
the division of or incision into a bone. 
Osteozoa (os'te-o-zo'a), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. bn- 
reov, bone, + fuov, animal.] Same as Osteozo- 
aria. 
osteozoan (os'te-o-zo'an), a. and . I. a. Hav- 
ing bones, as an animal; of or pertaining to 
the Osteozoa or Osteozoaria. 
H. n. A member of the Osteosoa or Osteo:o- 
nria; a vertebrate. 
Osteozoaria (os'te-o-zo-a'ri-a), n. pi. [NL., < 
Gr. barfov, bone, + (<^dpiov, dim. of ,<.KH. ani- 
mal.] In H. Milne-Edwards s classification, the 
first branch of animals, or the Vertebrata, di- 
vided into two subbranches, allantoidian and 
anallantoidian, with classes mammals, birds, 
and reptiles of the first of these subbranches, 
and batrachians and fishes of the second. Also 
GMMMOi 
osteriat (os-te-re'ii), . [< It. ostcria, an inn, 
hostelry: see ItoMty.] An inn; a tavern: es- 
pecially in Italy. 
Thy master, that lodges here in my osteria, Is a rare man 
of art ; they say he 's a witch. 
Fletcher (and another), Fair Maid of the Inn, H. 2. 
Have nut I 
Known him, a common rogue, come Addling in 
To the osteriaf B. Jonton, Volpone, II. 3. 
ostesset, . A Middle English form of hostess. 
OStia, H. Plural of ostium. 
OStiarius (os-ti-a'ri-us), M. ; pi. ostiarii (-5). [L.: 
see ostiary.] Same as ostiary. 
The Bishop . . . then washes the feet of all the Priests, 
beginning from the Oxtiarius to the (Economus. 
J. M. Seale, Eastern Church, I. 877. 
Ostiary (os'ti-a-ri), n.; pi. oxtiaries(-T\i). [1 and 
L'. = F. ottiaire = Sp. Pg. It. ostiario, < L. ustin- 
riiix, a doorkeeper, LL. eccl. a sexton, prop, 
adj., of a door, < ostium, a door, < os, mouth: 
see os 2 , oral, etc. Cf. usher, ult. < L. ontinri- 
us, a doorkeeper. 3. < ML. "ostiarium (t), the 
mouth of a river, neut. of ostiarius, adj.: see 
above.] 1. In the rtirly rlnircli and in the Rom. 
4171 
t'ii Hi. >"//., the doorkeeper c>f a ehmvh. The office 
of ontiary IK tliclnwf-t "f tin- mumr mikTsin tin- Western 
('lunch. It is as old as the third century in the \Vi-.-t< m 
church, and as the fourth century in the Eastern Church. 
In tin- (primitive church the duties of this office seem to 
have been discharged by deacons. 
The office of an acolouthite, of an exorcist, of an mtiary, 
are no way dependent on the office of a deacon. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. \WS>\ II. 194. 
2. The porter of a monastery. 3. A mouth of 
a river. 
We are carried into the dark lake, like the Egyptian 
river into the sea, by seven principal oftiaries. 
Sir T. Brourne, Christ. Mor., ill. 4. 
Ostinops (os'ti-nops), n. [NL., < Gr. Aortvof, 
of bone, equiv. to barlivof (see osteine), + in/>, 
face.] A remarkable genus of South Ameri- 
can caciques, of the family Icteri<l<e and the sub- 
family CiiKxiciiKi: The base of the bill mounts on the 
forehead, forming a frontal shield : the bill Is lengthened 
and compressed, and the occiput Is crested. There are 
about 8 species, such as 0. decumanus, the japn of Brazil, 
which ia mack, and O. virulis, which is green, like the rest 
of the genus. Oxtinopt was named by Cabanis in 1861. 
ostiola, . Plural of ostiolum. 
OStiolar (os'ti-o-lar), a. [< ostiolum + -ar 3 .] 
In hot. and zool., of or pertaining to any ostiole : 
as, the ostiolar filaments of certain lichens ; the 
ostiolar canal or the channel connected with the 
ostioles of bugs. Also spelled osteolar. 
ostiolate (os'ti-o-lat), a. [< ostiolum + -ate 1 .] 
In hot. and zool'., furnished with an ostiole or 
small orifice. 
ostiole (os'ti-61), n. [<L. ostiolum, a little door: 
see ostiolum.] A small opening or entrance; 
a little OStium. Specifically (o) In bot., the orifice or 
aperture in the apex of the conceptacles of certain alga, the 
perithecia of many fungi, the anther-cells of certain pha- 
nerogams, etc., through which the spores, pollen-grains, 
etc., are discharged ; same, us pore. (6) In zoiH., one of the 
openings on the under side of the thorax of many heterop- 
terous Insects, through which a fluid of disagreeable odor 
may be discharged. Also spelled osteole. 
ostiolum (os-ti'o-lum), n.: pi. ostiola (-la). [L., 
a little door or opening, dim. of ostium, a door, 
opening, orifice : see outturn, ostiary.] A small 
opening; specifically, in zool. and hot., same as 
ostiole. 
ostitic (os-tit'ik), a. [< ostitis + -ic.] Same as 
osteitie. 
ostitis (os-ti'tis), . [NL., < Gr. bariov, bone, 
+ -itis.] Same as osteitis. 
ostium (os'ti-um), n.; pi. ostia (-a). [L., a door, 
mouth, entrance; cf. os, mouth.] An opening 
or entrance; a mouth; an os. specifically (a) 
In fun/nut fimil., either opening, uterine or abdominal, of 
a Fallopian tube or oviduct. These are called respectively 
ogtiwn utfrinum and oftittm abdominale. (6) In iehth., the 
constricted communication between the dorsal and ventral 
parts of the cerebellar ventricle In some sharks. W. K. 
Parker. Gastric ostium, in sponges, the mouth by which 
a radial tube opens into the paragaster. 
ostler, ostleress. See hostler, Jiostleress. 
ostleryt, An obsolete form of hostelry. 
Ostmen (ost'men), TO. pi. [< Dan. ost, east, + 
mand, man.] East men: the name formerly 
given to Danish settlers in Ireland. Lord Lyt- 
telton. 
Ostracea (os-tra'se-S), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi., < 
Gr. barpdneof, earthen, of clay (said of vessels), 
taken as 'testaceous/< IxrrpaKov, a shell, test, as 
of mussels, tortoises, snails, etc. : see ostracize, 
oyster.] The oyster family; the Ostreid<e. 
ostracean (os-tra'se-an), a. and n. [As ostra- 
ce-ous + -an.] I. '. Resembling an oyster; of 
or pertaining to the Ostracea. Also ostraceoux, 
H. n. A member of the Ostrncea; an oyster. 
Also ostraciiii . 
OStraceous (os-tra'shius), a. [< Gr. wnyxi/tfof, 
taken as 'testaceous': see Ostracea.] Same as 
. 
Ostracidae (os-rras'i-de), . pi. [NL., < Gr. 6<r- 
Tiianov, a shell, + -idte.] The oyster family. See 
OttnUUe. 
Ostracodermi 
OStracine (ips'tiu-sin i, <i. ami /'. Same as oslnt- 
i'i i> a . 
Ostracion cis-trii'hi-on), H. [NL., < (!r. if.- { 'i- 
PWOT, clini. <P( iiKr/nii.111; a shell: see i,.t/i-ni-i:t; iii/f- 
ter.] 1. Agcnusof lislies with an exoskclet..!, 
of juxtaposed hexagonal plates forming a hnrd 
shell of bone, t ypiealnl'the I'uinilj n.-.trnriniiinlii'. 
They are known as .-/ -h.s/.<. ti-Hnl:-ii.*hi:, and 
OOffbr-Jixliix. See cut uipler '.,-. fi.--/i. 2. )/.<-. I 
A fish of this genus; an ostraciont. 
OStraciont (os-tra'si-ont), a. and n. [< Ostni- 
I-IIIH (assumed stem nuli-m -itint-).] I. a. Pertain- 
ingto ostracions, or having their characters. 
II. n. A member of the genus Ostracion or 
of the family <lxtrtiri<ititln: 
Ostraciontidae (os-tra-si-on'ti-de), n. pi. [NL.. 
< (Mrnciiin (assumed stem Ontraciont-) + -ida:] 
A family of ostracoderm plectognath fishes, 
typified by the genus Ostracion; the trnnk- 
li-lies. They have the body Inclosed In an angulatcd 
box formed by hard polygonal scutes joined edge to edge, 
distinct teeth in both jaws, dorsal and anal fins opposite 
each other, and no ventral tins. About 25 species are 
known, inhabiting tropical seas. Also called Cataphracti. 
ostracise, '. '. See ostracize. 
ostracism (os'tra-sixm), H. [= F. osti-acisme = 
Sp. Pg. It. ostracixmo = G. ostracism, < NL. 
ostracigmus, < Gr. barpaKtapoc, ostracism, < barpa- 
ix/ffiv, ostracize: see ostracize.] 1. Apolitical 
measure employed under restrictions of law 
among the ancient Athenians, by which citi- 
zens whose presence seemed embarrassing to 
the state were banished by public vote for a 
term of ten years, with leave to return to the 
enjoyment of their estates at the end of the 
period. It has Its name from the tablet of earthen- 
ware (ogtraknn) on which every voter wrote the name of 
the person he desired to ostracize. Ostracism was prac- 
tised in some other democratic states of Greece, as Argos 
and Megara, but the method of its administration, except 
in Athens, remains obscure. Compare petaKsm. 
Hence 2. Banishment in general; expulsion; 
separation: as, social ostracism (banishment 
from good society). 
Virtue In courtiers' hearts 
Suffers an ostracism and departs. 
Donne, To the Countess of Bedford. 
OStracite (os'tra-sit),. [< Gr. barpaKiTj/f, < 60- 
rpanov, a shell : see ostracize.] A fossil oyster 
or some similar shell ; a fossil referred to an old 
genus Ostruritex. 
ostracize (os'tra-siz), ;. t. ; pret. and pp. ostra- 
cized, ppr. ostracising. [< Gr. bar/MKi&iv, ban- 
ish by vote, < oorpaKov, a potsherd or tablet used 
in voting, a tile, an earthen vessel, the shell of 
a mussel, oyster, snail, etc., akin to borpeov, an 
oyster: see oyster.] 1. To exile by ostracism ; 
banish by popular vote, as persons dreaded for 
their influence or power were banished by the 
ancient Athenians. See ostracism, 1. Hence 
2. To banish from society; put under the ban ; 
exclude from public or private favor. 
The democratic stars did rise, 
And all that worth from hence did ottmcue. 
ilarvelt, Lachryma: Musarnm (1660). 
It is a potent support and ally to a brave man standing 
single, or with a few, for the right, and out-voted and 00- 
tmrisril, to know that better men In other parts of the 
country appreciate the service, and will rightly report him 
to his own and the next age. 
Ementm, Fugitive Slave Law. 
Also spelled ostracise. 
Ostracoda(os-tra-k6'dll), !.;>?. [NL.,<Gr. 00-17*1- 
Kufirjr, like potsherds (like a shell), < oarpaicov, a 
potsherd, a shell, + eidof, form.] Same as (ts- 
tracopoda. 
ostracode (os'tra-kod), a. and . I. a. Of or 
pertaining to the Ostracoda. 
II. n. A member of the Ostracoda. 
ostracoderm (os'tra-ko-derm), a. and n. [< Gr. 
o(TT/wj(>d(!(y)/iof, having a bony skin, < oarpaam; 
a shell, -i- ftp/at, skin.] I. a. Having a bony 
skin like a coat of mail; ostraciont, as a fish; 
pertaining to the Ostracodermi. Also ostrin-n- 
dermal, o.ttriiciiilii-iimii.t. 
H. ". An ostraciont fish, as a member of the 
Ostracodermi; a plectognath of the suborder 
Ostracodermi. 
ostracodermal (os'tra-ko-der'mal), a. [< <- 
trnciHlrrm + -al.] Same as ngtrm-ixli mi. 
Ostracodermatat (os'tra-ko-der'ma-ta), w. pi. 
[NL.. neut. pi. of "oxtrin-mli rmatns: see ostra- 
coderm.] An old name of shell-fish, correspond- 
ing to the testaceous mollusks of modern zoolo- 
gtet*. 
ostracodermatous (os'tra-ko-d^r'ma-tus).o. [< 
Nli.'ostracodermatus: see ostraeoderm .] Hav- 
ing a shell, as a mollusk; testaceous. 
Ostracodermi (os'tra-ko-der'mi), M. pi. [NL., 
pi. of oxtrtiroili ninix: see oxlrncnili rm.] A sub- 
