outwork 
the purpose of covering the place or keeping the be- 
siegers at a distance. The principal outworks of a forti- 
fication are the covered way, the demilune, the redoubt, 
the tenail, the tenaillon, the counter-guard, and the crown- 
work and hornwork. 
Meantime the foe beat up his quarters 
And storm 'd the out-works of his fortress. 
5. Butter, Hildibras, III. i. 113B. 
Hence 3. A bulwark; any defense against 
violence from outside. 
I will recommend unto you the care of our outworks, the 
navy royal and shipping of our kingdom, which are the 
walls therof. Bacon, Advice to Sir George Villiers. 
outwork (out-werk'), v. t. [= D. uitwerken = 
MLG. utwerken = G. ausivirken = Sw. vtverka 
= Dan. udvirke, work out, complete ; as out + 
wA\] 1. To surpass in workmanship. [Bare.] 
She did lie 
In her pavilion cloth-of-gold of tissue 
O'er-picturing that Venus where we see 
The fancy outwork nature. 
Shak., A. and C., ii. 2. 206. 
2. To surpass or exceed in labor, exertion, or 
agitation. 
But, in your violent acts, 
The fall of torrents and the noyse of tempests . . . 
Be all out-wrought by your transcendent furies. 
S. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 
3f. To work out or carry on to a conclusion ; 
complete; finish. 
For now three dayes of men were full outwrought 
Since he this hardy euterprize began. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. vii. 65. 
outworker (out'wer'ker), n. A person who 
works outside ; especially, one employed by a 
tailor or dressmaker who works at home. 
OUtwortht (out-werth'), v, t. To surpass in 
worth or value. 
A beggar's book 
Outwarths a noble's blood. 
Shak., Hen. VIII., i. 1. 123. 
OUtwrest (out-rest'), v. t. To draw out with or 
as with a twisting motion; detach or extract 
by violence ; hence, to extort. 
That my engreeved mind could flnd no rest, 
Till that the truth thereof I did out wrest. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. IT. 23. 
Let coarse bold hands from slimy nest 
The bedded fish in banks out-wrest. 
Donne, The Bait. 
OUtwringt (out-ring'), v. t. To wring out; shed. 
Youre teres falsely outewronge. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 2B27. 
OUtwrite (out-rif), v. t. To surpass in writing. 
Addison, Ancient Medals, ii. 
outyetet, v. t. [ME. outyeten, outgeter, outgetten 
(= D. uitgieten = MLG. utgeten = G. ausgiessen 
= Sw. utgjuta = Dan. tidgyde); < out + yete.] 
To pour out. 
Oleum eft usum nomen tuurn. That es on Inglysce " Oyle 
owt-gettide es thi name." 
Hampole, Prose Treatises (E. E. T. S.), p. 1. 
OUtzanyt (out-za'ui), v. t. ; pret. and pp. out- 
zanied, ppr. outzanying. To excel in acting the 
zany or fool ; exceed in buffoonery. B. Jonson, 
Epigrams, No. 129. 
OUVarovite, n. See uvarovite. 
Ouvirandra (6-vi-ran'dra), n. [NL. (Du Petit- 
Thouars, 1806), < ouvirandon, native name in 
Madagascar.] A former genus of monocotyle- 
donous water-plants belonging to the natural 
order Naiadacea:, or pond-weed family, type of 
the tribe Aponogctoneae, characterized by the 
lack of cellular tissue between the nerves of 
the leaves. There are five species, of India and Africa, 
with thickened, sometimes edible rhizomes, two-forked 
spikes of small flowers, and submerged, sometimes perfo- 
rated leaves. The genus is now made a section of Apono- 
geton. See lattice-leaf and water-yam. 
ouzet, and v. An obsolete variant of ooze. 
ouzel, OUSel (o'zl), n. [Prop., as formerly, 
oozel; < ME. osel, < AS. osle = OHG. amsalil, 
amasld, MHG. G. amsel (see amzel), an ouzel.] 
1. The blackbird, Merula merula, Turdus me- 
rula, or Merula vulgaris, a kind of thrush. Also 
called amzel. See cut under blackbird. 
House-doves are white, and oozels blackebirds bee, 
Yet what a difference in the taste we see. 
The Affectionate Shepheard (1594). (Halliwell.) 
The ousel cock so black of hue, 
With orange-tawny bill. 
Shak., M. N. D., HI. 1. 128. 
The mellow ouzel fluted in the elm. 
Tennyson, Gardener's Daughter. 
2. Some other thrush or thrush-like bird, as the 
ring-ouzel, Turdus torquatusor Merula torquata. 
See cut in next column Brook-ouzel, the water- 
rail, Rattus aguaticus. [Local, Eng.] Water-ouzel a 
dipper; any bird of the family Cinclidce. See cuts under 
Cinclidae and dipper, 
ova. n. Plural of ovum. 
4192 
Ring-ouzel (Merula torq:tata}. 
an egg, < L. ovum, an egg: see ovum.] I. a. 
If. Of or pertaining to an egg. 
That the Ibis feeding upon Serpents, that venemous 
food so inquinated their avail conceptions or egges within 
their bodies that they sometimes came forth in Serpen- 
tine shapes. Sir T. Browne, Pseud. Epid., iii. 7. 
2. Having the shape of or resembling the lon- 
gitudinal section of an egg; hence, elliptical. 
Mercurius, nearest to the central sun, 
Does in an oval orbit circling run. 
Sir . Blackmore, Creation, ii. 
The oval dingy-framed toilet-glass that hangs above her 
table. Hawthorne, Seven Gables, ii. 
3. In eool. and bot., broadly elliptical, or ellip- 
tical with the breadth considerably more than 
half the length. Oval notes a shape or figure resem- 
bling a compressed circle (or ellipse), equally rounded at 
both ends ; ovate notes the true egg shape, which is small- 
er at one end than at the other. See egg-shaped. Oval 
Chuck, compass, etc. See the nouns. 
II. n. 1. A figure in the general shape of 
the lengthwise outline of an egg, or resembling 
the longitudinal section of an egg. (a) A closed 
curve everywhere convex, without nodes, and more point- 
ed at one end than at the other. (6) A curve or part of a 
curve returning into itself without a node or cusp, (c) A 
part of a curve returning into itself without inflections or 
double tangents. 
2. Something which has such a shape, as a plot 
of ground, or an open place in a city: as, Berke- 
ley oval; "The Oval" at Kennington, London. 
The principall part thereof [the Mosque] riseth in an 
avail, surrounded with pillars admirable for their propor- 
tion, matter, and workmanship. Sandys, Travailes, p. 24. 
3. Specifically, same as cartouche, 4. 
The names of the kings whose ovals have been found 
have been mentioned already. 
C. It Oillett, Andover Rev., VIII. 88. 
Blcircular, Cartesian, Cassinian, conjugate, etc., 
oval. See the adjectives. Carpenter's oval, an irregu- 
lar closed curve, formed of four arcs of circles having their 
centers at the vertices of a rhombus and joining one an- 
other so as not to make angles. 
OVaPt (6'val), a. [< L. ovalis, of or belonging to 
an ovation, < ovare, exult, rejoice : see ovation."] 
Of, pertaining to, or used in an ovation: as, tri- 
umphal, oval, and civil crowns. Sir T. Browne, 
Garden of Cyrus, ii. 
ovalescent (6-va-les'ent), a. [< oval + -escent.] 
Somewhat oval; tending to an oval form. 
Ovalia (o-va'li-a), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi. of ML. 
ovalis, oval : see ovafi.] In Latreille's system, 
one of two sections of Itemodipodous crusta- 
ceans, having the form shorter and broader 
than in the Filiformia. The whale-lice, Cya- 
midce, are an example. See cut under Cyamiaie. 
OValiform (o'val-i-f6rm), a. [< ML. ovalis, oval, 
+ L. forma, form.] Having the longitudinal 
section oval and the transverse circular ; oval- 
shaped. 
oval-lanceolate (6'val-lan'se-o-lat), a. In bot., 
lanceolate inclining to oval. ' 
ovally (6'val-i), adv. In an oval form; so as to 
be oval. 
ovalness (6'val-nes), n. The property of being 
oval ; oval shape or formation. 
OValoid (6'val -old), a. [< oval + -oid.] Re- 
sembling an oval in shape ; somewhat oval. 
ovantt (6'vant), . [< L. ovan(t-)s, ppr. of ovare, 
exult, rejoice, triumph : see ovation.] Triumph- 
ing with an ovation; 
Plautius . . . sped so well in his battels that Claudius 
passed a decree that he should ride in petty triumph ovant. 
Holland, tr. of Camden, p. 42. (Dairies.) 
ovaria. . Plural of ovarium. 
*!" *1 VC*A*,. '. i Xlij-Cil V^J. wnt, (,<<. 
oval 1 (6'val), a. and . [< P. ovale = Sp. Pg. ovarial (o-va'ri-al), a. [< NL. "ovanalia, < oi'- 
twai = It. ovale, < ML. ovalis, of or pertaining to rw, ovary: see ovary.] Same as ovarian. 
ovary 
ovarialgia (o-va-ri-al'ji-a). n. [NL., < ovarium, 
ovary, + Gr. aAyof, pain.] Pain, especially 
neuralgia, in the ovary. Also called oojilio- 
ralyia. 
oyarialgic (6-va-ri-al'jik), a. [< o-earialgia + 
-/c.] Pertaining to or affected with ovarialgia. 
ovarian (o-va'ri-an), a. [<NL.*oJr(aH*,< ova- 
rium, ovaiy : see ovary 1 .] Of or pertaining to the 
ovary, ovarium, or female genital gland of any 
animal : as, ovarian tissue ; an warian product ; 
the ovarian function Ovarian artery, the artery 
of the ovary, corresponding to the spermatic artery of the 
male. Ovarian cyst or cystoma, a cystic tumor of the 
ovary, often growing to an enormous size, and containing 
a fluid varying from gelatinous to limpid. Ovarian 
plexus, the pampiniform plexus of the female. Ova- 
rian tumor, a tumor of the ovary, especially a cystic tu- 
mor, or ovarian cyst. Ovarian veins, veins of the ovary, 
corresponding to the spermatic veins of the male, and 
forming the ovarian or pampiniform plexus in the broad 
ligament. Ovarian vesicle, the gynophore or female 
gonophore of a polyp, as a sertularian. See cut under 
gonophore. 
ovariectomy (o-va-ri-ek'to-mi), . [< NL. ocu- 
rium, ovary, + Gr. EKTO/W/,' excision, < enrt/ivetv, 
excise, cut out.] Ovariotomy. Lancet, No. 
3426, p. 854. 
ovariole (o-va'ri-61), u. [< NL. ovariolum, a 
small ovary (cf . ML. ovariolum, a dish for serv- 
ing eggs), dim. 
of ovarium, q. 
v.] Asmall ova- 
ry; the ovary 
of a compound 
ovarium ; one 
of the ovarian 
tubes or glands 
of which a com- 
posite ovary 
may be com- 
posed. Huxley, 
Anat. Invert., 
p. 417. 
ovariotomist 
(o-va-ri-ot 'o- 
mist), n. [< OVa- F ema i e Generative Organs of the Cock- 
riotom-y + -iSt.] "ch IfiritUauta orientalist, showing 
*-. ovanoles : enlarged 3% times. 
One who prac- 0i p OSter i 0rab d 0111 f,,j, ang i ioni ,, rig h, 
tlSCS OVariOtO- and left oviducts, formed by union of c, <f, e, 
the ovarian tubes or ovarioles;/, filament by 
my. which ovarioles of opposite sides are united ; 
OVariOtOmy (O- ir.spemiatheca;A,/r,thecolleterial 8 lands, 
va-ri-ot'o-mi), 
n. [< NL. ovarium, ovary, + Gr. -nula, < rtfiveiv, 
rafielv, cut.] The removal of an ovary that has 
undergone cystic or other degeneration. Nor- 
mal ovariotomy, oophoreetomy ; Battey's operation 
(which see, under operation). 
ovarious (o-va'ri-us), a. [< LL. ovarius, used 
only as a 'noun, an egg-keeper; prop, adj., < 
L. ovum, egg: see ovum.] Consisting of eggs. 
[Bare.] 
The . . . native, to the rocks 
Dire clinging, gathers his ovarious food. 
Thomson, Autumn, 1. 875. 
ovaritis (6-va-ri'tis), n. [NL., < orarium + 
-itis.] In paihol., inflammation of the ovary; 
oophoritis. 
ovarium (o-va'ri-um), n. ; pi. ovaria (-a). [NL. : 
Beeemryl.] Anovaryoroophoron. Steno, 1664. 
ovary 1 (6'va-ri), M. ; pi. ovaries (-riz). [= P. 
ovaire = Sp. Pg. It. ovario,< NL. ovarium, ovary 
(cf. ML. ovaria, f., the ovary of a bird), < L. 
ovum, egg: see ovum.] 1. That part of a female 
animal in which ova, eggs, or germs are gener- 
ated and matured ; the essential female organ 
of reproduction, corresponding to the testes of 
the male ; the female genital gland or germ- 
gland; the ovarium. In vertebrates the ovary is a 
glandular organ, usually paired, sometimes single, and 
morphologically identical with the testes, both these or- 
gans being developed from a primitively indifferent geni- 
tal gland common to both sexes, the differentiation of this 
structure into ovary or testes being the fundamental dis- 
tinction of sex upon which all other sexual differences are 
consequent. The ovary consists of its proper stroma or 
tissue peculiar to itself, in which the ova are produced, 
bound np in ordinary connective tissue, supplied with ap- 
propriate vessels or nerves, and fixed in the abdominal 
cavity by means of a mesentery. With the ovary is usu- 
ally but not always associated a special structure, the ovi- 
duct, serving to convey away the eggs. The ovary is rela- 
tively largest in those animals which lay multitudinous 
eggs, as fishes, in which it is known as the roe. It is also 
large in oviparous animals which lay large meroblastic 
eggs with copious food-yolks, as birds and most reptiles. 
It is very small in mammals. The ovary in woman is a 
flattened ovoid body about 1J inches long, j inch wide, 
and J inch thick, resting on the broad ligament of the 
uterus and closely connected both with that organ and 
with the Fallopian tube or oviduct. Among invertebrates 
in which there is distinction of sex, the name ovary is 
applied to any part of the body which can be recognized 
as having the function of ovulation. Such organs are of 
almost endlessly varied character in all but the one es- 
sential physiological respect. Several kinds of ovaries re- 
ceive specific names; and in many cases the analogy to 
