ovary 
the part of a plant called tin- "v;ir\ (Ml ili-f. 2) Is striking. 
See rill', llh.l.T lht:,-'tl'/n>lt'f Illl'l \' I, Kiln, ,/,'<!. 
2. Ill lull., a closed ease or n-,-e|.laele, Hie low- 
er seel ion of the pistil, inclosing the ovules or 
young seeds, 
mill ultimately 
lieeotllillg till- 
fruit, structu- 
rally tin- nviiry is 
u modified leaf 
which iafoliledin- 
volutely HO as to 
form a cavity, and 
with the styit-uml 
.1 IL-IM:I it COllSti- 
tutes the female 
sexual organs (gy- 
-turn) "f (low- 
ering plants. The 
ovury may be 
simple (that is, 
DOmpOMd of asin- 
gle leaf), or com- 
pounded of two 
ur more leaves. 
The modified part 
of the interior of 
tin- nvary which 
bears the ovules 
is called the pla- 
centa (which see). 
The phrases supe- 
rior and inferior 
ovary are used to 
Ovaries, with the Ovules, of different Flowers, 
shown in longitudinal section: a, Sttllaria 
media; *. LMittm luferbutn; <, ftelfhiHi- 
ovary are used to , Consolitta; rf, Fut/uia taccmra; e, Ra- 
(lesignate the DO- nuncult*sbtflbosMs;/,Acerrubrtim. 
sitinnof the ovary 
in relation to that of the floral envelops : thus, ovary m- 
periar is that in which the other parts of the flower are 
inserted upon the axis below the ovary; ovary inferior Is 
that in which the other parts of the flower are inserted 
alwve, seemingly upon the ovary. See cuts under antho- 
phore, Aracea, Didynamia, dimermit, and myrtle. 
OVary 2 t (6'va-ri), a. [Irreg. < ii. ovare, exult, 
rejoice, triumph: see ovation. Cf. orat 2 .] Of 
or pertaining to an ovation. Davies. 
Their honorary crowns triumphal, ovary, civical, obsld- 
lonal, had little of flowers in them. 
Sir T. Browne, Tracts, ii. 
ovate 1 (o'vat), a. [< L. oratus, egg-shaped, < 
onim, egg: see ovum.'] Egg-shaped, (a) Having 
a figure like the longitudinal section of a 
hen's egg ; oval, but broader at one end than 
at the other : applied in botany particularly 
to leaves. (6) Of a solid, having the figure 
of an egg. Also ovated. = Syn. See oval*, 3. 
ovate' 2 (o'vat), . [< W. ofydd, a 
man of letters or science, a philos- 
opher: see ogham.] See the quota- 
tion. 
Now an ofydd, or, as the word is some- 
times rendered into English, ovate, is com- 
monly understood to mean an Eisteddfodic 
graduate who Is neither a bard nor a druid ; but formerly 
it appears to have meant a man of science and letters, or 
perhaps more accurately a teacher of the same. 
Shys, Led. on Welsh PhUol., p. 294. 
ovate-acuminate (6'vat-a-ku'mi-nat), a. Egg- 
shaped and tapering to a point. 
ovate-cylindraceous(6'vat-sil-in-dra'shiu8),a. 
Egg-shaped, with a convolute cylindrical figure. 
ovated (6'va-ted), a. Same as ovate 1 . 
ovate-deltoid (6'vat-del'toid), a. Triangular- 
ly egg-shaped. 
ovate-lanceolate (6'vat-lan'se-o-lat), a. Be- 
tween ovate and lanceolate. 
ovate-oblong (6'vat-ob'long), a. Between 
ovate and oblong; shaped like an egg, but 
more drawn out in length. 
ovate-rotundate (6'vat-ro-tuu'dat), a. Round- 
ly egg-shaped. 
ovate-subulate (6'vat-sub'u-lat), a. Between 
ovate and subulate. 
OVate-ventricOSO (6'vat-ven'tri-kos), a. In 
hot., ovate with a swelling or slight protuber- 
ance on one side. 
ovation (6-va'shon), n. [= F. ovation = Sp. 
ovation = Pg. ov'aftto = It. ovazione, < L. ova- 
tto(n-), a (lesser) triumph, < ware, exult, re- 
joice, triumph, = Gr. avetv, shout.] 1. In Bom. 
initiq., a lesser triumph accorded to command- 
ers who had conquered with little bloodshed, 
who had defeated a comparatively inconsider- 
able enemy, or whose advantage, although con- 
siderable, was not sufficient to constitute a le- 
gitimate claim to the higher distinction of a 
triumph. See triumph. 
Rest not in an oration, but a triumph over thy passions. 
Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor., I. 2. 
2. An enthusiastic reception of a person by an 
assembly or concourse of people with acclama- 
tions and other spontaneous expressions of 
popularity ; enthusiastic public homage. 
A day . . . 
Wlu-n dames and heroines of the golden year 
Shall strip a hundred hollows bare of Spring, 
To rain an April of ovation round 
Their statues, borne aloft, the three. 
Tennyson, Princess, vl. 
41 0.T 
ovato-acuminate (o-va'to-n-ku'mi-nat), n. 
Same as iii-nli -ni-iiinniiiti . 
ovatocylindraceous (o-va'to-sil-in-<lni'sliius), 
it. Same :is nrdft'-rl/lillttrtU'l'iHtx. 
ovatodeltoid (o-va'to-de]'toid), . Same as 
iinitr-ililtiiiil. 
ovato-ellipsoidal (o-va'to-el-ip-soi'dal), a. 
Nearly ellipsoidal, but larger toward one end 
than toward the other; ovoid or egg-shaped. 
ovato-oblong (6-va'to-ob'long), a. Same as 
ovatorotundate (6-va't6-r6-tun'dat), a. Same 
as in-nli'-riiliiniliili . 
ovealtyt, oveltyt, . See owelty. 
oven (uv'n), a. [< ME. oren, < AS. ofen, ofn = 
OFries. oren = D. oven = MLG. oven, LG. awen 
= OHG. ovan, ofan, ovin, MHG. oven, G. ofen 
= Icel. /. omn, ogn = OSw. ofn, omn, ogn, 
Sw. ugn = Dan. ovn = Goth. auhns, an oven, = 
Gr. mv6f (for "vicvof), an oven, furnace, kitchen : 
cf. Skt. ulchd, apot; AS. ofnet, a closed vessel.] 
1. A chamber or receptacle in which food is 
cooked by the heat radiated from the walls, 
roof, or floor, (a) A chamber built of brick, tiles, or the 
like, and usually heated by fuel which is allowed to burn 
away before the food Is introduced, the cooking being done 
by the heat retained- {&) A chamber for baking or cooking 
in a cooking-stove, range, or furnace, the heat being usu- 
ally transmitted through one or more of the sides. 
In steed of bread they drle a kind of flsh which they 
beat in mortars to powder, and bake it In their ouent, 
vntill it be hard and drle. 
Ilolimhed, Descrip. of Britain, I. x. 
2. Iii general, any inclosed chamber adapted 
to or used for applying heat to raw materials 
or to articles in process of manufacture. The 
heat so applied may he radiated from the previously or 
continuously heated walls of the inclosure, or it may be 
derived from currents of heated air or gases or superheat- 
ed vapors circulated through the oven, from interior or ex- 
terior coils of pipes heated by steam or hot water, or from 
the solar rays. The name oven is given to a great variety 
of structures and devices employed In domestic industry, 
in chemical operations, and in the mechanical arts. Spe- 
cifically (a) A kiln. (6) A muffle-furnace, (c) A leer. 
3f. A furnace. 
The king's servants, that put them In, ceased not to 
make the oven hot with rosin, pitch, tow, and small wood ; 
so that the flame streamed forth above the furnace forty 
and nine cubits. 
Song of the Three IMy Children (Apocrypha), v. 23. 
4. An oven-bird or its nest Air-oven, an oven In 
which baking or drying is done by circulating heated air 
through It It is much used in laboratories and In the 
arts. In some cases, as in drying gelatin plates for photog- 
raphy, the air is filtered on its way to the oven by pass- 
ing it through cotton-wool. In air-ovens the air may be 
heated prior to its admission, or by interior heating appli- 
ances. Annealing-oven, an oven used for annealing, 
as the leer of glass-manufactories for slowly cooling glass, 
which, if cooled rapidly, would be exceedingly brittle ; or, 
as in the manufacture of malleable iron-castings, the In- 
closure in which the articles, after casting, are treated to 
render them malleable. Bakers' oven, an oven used by 
bakers in baking bread, biscuits, crackers, and other arti- 
cles of food. The principal oven still in use by bakers is 
a brick reverberatory oven with an arched roof ; but in the 
manufacture of biscuits, crackers, wafers, etc., on a large 
c ale reel ovens and rotary ovens are used. Beehive oven. 
See beehive. Brick oven, an oven constructed of brick, 
In contradistinction to an oven made of metal or other 
material. Brick ovens usually apply their heat from their 
walls previously heated by an interior fire, which is with- 
drawn prior to putting In the article to be baked. Such 
an oven for domestic use was once very common In dwell- 
ings, and was generally built at the side of or in close 
proximity to the chimney then in use. It often projected 
from the exterior of the building, and this construction 
is still to be seen in many old country houses. It has a 
smoke-uptake in the upper part of the month and a flue 
leading from the uptake, and connects at its upper end 
with the fireplace-chimney. Wood is the fuel used, and 
when the fire Is kindled the air draws into the mouth and 
passes over the bottom of the oven, while the heated gases 
of combustion rise to the top and pass forward to the 
uptake. Bush-oven, the long-tailed titmouse or oven- 
bird, Acredtda rosea. [Norfolk, Eng.] Drying-oven, an 
oven used for expelling moisture from substances or tex- 
tures. The air-oven is the most generally used of this class. 
Drying-ovens heated to a point somewhat above the boil- 
ing-point of water, which expel water by converting it 
into steam, are also used for many purposes. Dutch 
oven, a tin utensil for roasting meat, etc., closed at the 
sides, back, top, and bottom, and somewhat resembling 
in shape an open shed. The oven covers the Joint or other 
article to be roasted on all sides except that facing the 
fire. (Also called kitchen or tin kitchen in the New Eng- 
land States and elsewhere.) The bake-kettle, a cast-iron 
vessel with a close-fitting convex cover upon which hot 
embers or coals are placed when the implement Is used, 
is also sometimes called a Dutch oren. Egyptian oven, 
a large earthen crock sunk in the ground, and heated 
by interior fire, which Is removed to permit the baking 
of lumps of dough. These are thrown with force against 
the interior, and adhere thereto. The crock is then cov- 
ered till the baking is finished. This is a very ancient 
form of oven, largely used in the East even to the pres- 
ent day. Elevated oven, a range-oven situated higher 
than the flre-pot. Heating-oven, an oven designed or 
used for simple heating, as in heating pieces of wood or 
other materials to he joined by glue or cement, or for heat- 
ing vessels that must be used while hot; a hot-closet 
Out-oven, adomestic brick oven built by itself, apart from 
any building. Its construction is almost Identical with that 
over 
described under brick oven, except that It has a chimney 
. \tt ii'linK straight upwaul "T On- ih ( tin- "Ven. 
Reel oven, an oven in which the substances to ne baked 
en- iliifd are placed on swinging shelves attached to end- 
less chains running on reels within a heated Inclosure. The 
reels are turned at a velocity that permits the articles to 
be dried sufficiently, or baked completely, when the chain 
makes a complete circuit, which brings one of the swing- 
ing shelves on a level with the door of the oven. The fin- 
Uhed articles are then removed from this shelf, and a new 
charge It put In their place. This dlncharglng and recharg- 
Ing Is successively performed for each shelf, Generally, 
ovens of this kind and rotary ovens are continuously heated 
by circulation of heated air through them, or by heated 
air through their walla, or by highly heated steam-colls. 
Revolving oven, an ov*en In which the floor, or the 
shelves supporting the articles to be baked, etc., revolve 
horizontally or vertically. The articles are completely 
dried or baked in a single revolution, and are successively 
removed and replaced by new charges, as described under 
reel oven, which Is an example of this kind of oven. In 
some ovens of this class a shaft with radial arms carrying 
swinging shelves rotates vertically In the heated Inclosure. 
The manipulation and heating are as described under 
ml own. Rotary-hearth oven, an oven In which the 
floor or hearth revolves.- Rotary oven, an oven which 
can be horizontally rotated as a whole on a central pivot. 
Such ovens were formerly used with a form of kitrln-n 
stove called rotary dove. They were portable tin ovens 
made to fit the tops of the stoves, which were circular, 
and constructed to rotate on a central pivot. The top of 
the stove was toothed on the under side of Its outer mar- 
gin. The teeth were engaged by a small pinion operated 
by a crank. The articles to be baked were placed on the top 
of the stove, and covered with the portable tin oven, and, to 
prevent overheating of any part, the top of the stove was 
frequently turned to change the position of the parts rel- 
atively to the flre-pot Traveling- apron oven, an oven 
In which an endless belt traverses horizontally, carrying 
the articles to he baked from end to end of the oven. (See 
also cote-men, porcelain-oven, roaiting-oren, and rife-own.) 
oven-bird (uv'n-berd), n. 1. The golden- 
crowned thrush, Siurus aurieapillus, an oscine 
passerine bird of the 
family Mniotiltidte: so 
called from the fact 
that its nest is arch- 
ed or roofed over like 
an oven. [Local, U. 
8.] 2. Any bird of 
the South American 
family Furnariidte, 
which builds a domed 
or oven-like nest. 
See cut under Furna- 
rius. 3. The long- 
tailed titmouse, Acre- 
dula rosea. [Prov. 
Eng.] 4. The Wil- oven-Wid (Jfrw . 
low-warbler, Phyllo- 
sropus trochilug. Also called ground-oven and 
oven-tit. [Prov. Eng.] 
oven-builder (uv'n-bil'der), n. The oven-bird 
Acredula rosea. 
oven-cake (uv'n-kak), n. A cake baked in an 
oven; a muffin. Davies. 
I think he might have offered us a bit of his nven-catt. 
Oravet, Spiritual Quixote, vii. 2. 
oven-coke (uv'n-kok), n. Coke made in an 
oven or retort, in contradistinction to that made 
in large heaps fired in the open air. 
The hard sandy coating [of the mold] robbed smooth 
with a piece of oven-coke. 
F. Campin, Mech. Engineering, p. 43. 
ovened (uv'nd), a. [< oven + -e<J2.] Shriveled ; 
sickly. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
oven-tit (uv'n-tit), n. Same as oven-bird, 4. 
[Prov. Eng.] 
oven- wood (uv'n-wud), n. Brushwood; dead 
wood fit only for burning. 
Oaks Intersperse it, that had once a head. 
But now wear crests of oren-trood instead. 
Cmcper, The Needless Alarm, 1. 12. 
over (6'ver), prep, and adv. [Also, in poet, or 
dial, use, contr. o'er, formerly written ore; < 
ME. over, ower, our, < AS. ofer = OS. obhar = 
OFries. over = D. over = MLG. over = OHG. 
ubar, MHG. G. iiber = Icel. ofr, yfir = Sw. 6f- 
ver = Dan. over = Goth, vfar, over, = L. super 
(where the - is supposed to be the relic of a 
prefixed element not found in the other forms) 
= Gr. imtp, inttip, over, = Skt. "part, above ; as 
adj., AS. yfera = L. superus = Skt. upara, up- 
per; compar. of the prep, or adv., AS. *uf, in 
ufeneard, upper, 6/an, abufan, above, etc. (see 
above), = OHG. oba, opa, ooe, MHG. obe, ob, G. 
often, above, = Icel. of, over, for, = Goth. /, 
under, = L. svb, under, = Gr. wro, under, = Skt. 
B/XI, near, on, under, etc. From this source, 
of AS. origin, are over and above; of L. origin. 
.w;>r-, &-; of Gr. origin, hyper- and hypo-, etc.] 
I. prep. 1. In a place or position higher than, 
and in a vertical direction from (the object) ; 
above in place, position, authority, et. (a) Di- 
rectly above in place or position : as, the roof over one's 
