pacification 
pacification (pa-sif-i-ka'shon), u. [< F. paci- 
fication = Sp. pacification = Pg. pacificacfto = 
it.pacificazioue,( L. pacificatio(n-), < pacificare, 
pp. pacificattm, pacify: see pacify.'] The act 
of pacii'ying or reducing to a state of peace ; ap- 
peasement ; reconciliation ; the establishment 
of peaceful relations or of a condition of peace. 
He [Henry VII.] sent ... to the French king his chap- 
lain as best sorting with an embassie of mujMOtun. 
Bacon, Hist. Hen. VII., p. 46. 
This Pacification has given us no small occasion of Joy 
and Satisfaction, as believing it will prove to the common 
Benefit of both Nations [England and Portugal]. 
Milton, Letters of State, Aug. , 1656. 
Edicts of Pacification, in French hint., royal edicts in the 
sixteenth century which granted concessions to the Hu- 
Kiienots. Such edicts were issued in 1563, 1570, etc., but 
the most important was the edict of Nantes, 1598 (which 
see, under edict). 
pacificator (pa-sif'i-ka-tor), H. [< OF. (also F.) 
pacified tear = Sp. Pg. pacificador = It. pacifi- 
catore, < L. pacificator, a peacemaker, < pacifi- 
care, make peace, pacify : see pacify.'] A peace- 
maker; one who restores amity between con- 
tending parties or nations. 
He [Henry VII.] had in consideration the point of hon- 
our, in bearing the blessed person of a pacificator. 
Bacon, Hist. Hen. VII., p. 50. 
pacificatory (pa-sif'i-ka-to-ri), a. [< L. pacifi- 
catorius, peace-making, < pacificator, a peace- 
maker: see pacificator.'] Tending to make 
peace ; conciliatory. 
Whereupon acertayne agreement pacificatorie was con- 
cluded betweene them. roxe, Martyrs, p. 1949. 
" Molly 's but four-and-twenty," said Sylvia, in a pacifi- 
catory tone. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, xxxix. 
pacificoust (pa-sif'i-kus), a. [< L. pacificus, 
pacific: see pacific.'] Peaceful. Cotgrave. 
He watch'd when the king's affections were most still 
mApacificous. Bp. Hackct, Abp. Williams, i. 63. (Dairies.) 
pacifier (pas'i-fl-er), n. One who pacifies. 
It. pacificare, < L. pacificare, make peace (cf. 
pacificus, making peace: see pacific), < pax 
(pac-), peace (see peace), + faeere, make : see 
-fy.] 1. To appease; calm; quiet; allay the 
agitation or excitement of: as, to pacify a man 
when angry. 
Soft words pactfy wrath. Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 379. 
My Guide at last pacify'd them and fetched my Hat, and 
we marched away as fast as we could. 
Dampier, Voyages, II. i. 92. 
My dear sir, be pacified. What can you have but ask- 
ing pardon? Goldsmith, Good-natured Man, v. 
2. To restore peace to; tranquilize: as, to 
pacify countries in contention. 
He pacefyed the contre thorugh-oute, 
As well in meddes as at endys had. 
Itom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2530. 
He went on as far as York, to pacify and settle those 
countries. Bacon. 
= Syn. To conciliate, assuage, still, lull, smooth, compose, 
soothe, mollify. 
Pacinian (pa-sin'i-an), a. [< Pacini (see def.) 
+ -an.] Pertaining to the anatomist Pacini 
(1812-83), or described by him, as an anatomi- 
cal structure. Also Paccinian. Pacinian body 
or corpuscle. See corpuscle. 
pack 1 (pak), n. [< ME. pah = D. pak = MLG. 
packe, LG. pack = Gr. pack = Icel. pakki = Sw. 
packe = Dan. pakke, a pack, bundle, parcel, 
etc. ; also in Rom. : OF. pacque, pasque = It. 
pacco (ML. paccus), dim. OF. pacquet, paquet, 
F. paquet (> E. packet, q. v.) = Sp. paquete = It. 
pacchetto, pachetto; also in Celtic: Gael. Ir. 
pac = Bret, pak, a pack, bundle, parcel, etc. 
The Teut. forms are prob. from the Rom. forms ; 
whether these are from the Celtic is uncertain. 
The ult. root is prob. that of L. pangere (^pag), 
Skt. pag , fasten : see pact. In some later uses 
(defs. 8-11) the noun is from the verb.] 1. A 
bundle of anything inclosed in a wrapping or 
bound fast with cords ; especially, a bundle or 
bale made up to be carried on the back of man 
or beast: in modern times applied especially 
to such a bale carried by a peddler. 
There the poure presseth by-fore with a pale at hus rygge 
[back]. Piers Plowman (C), xvii. 55. 
He rolled his pack all on his back, 
And he came tripping o'er the lee. 
Bold Pedlar and Robin Hood (Child's Ballads, V. 249). 
The imagery [of speech] doth appeal 1 in figure, whereas 
in thoughts they lie but in packs. Bacon, Friendship. 
A furnish'd pack, whose wares 
Are sullen griefs, and soul-tormenting cares. 
Quarles, Emblems, iii. 8. 
A pedlar's pack, that bows the bearer down. 
Cowper, Task, i. 465. 
2. A collection ; a budget ; a stock or store : as, 
a pack of troubles; &pack of lies. 
4224 
I rather chose 
To cross my friend in his intended drift 
Than by concealing it, heap on your head 
A vack of sorrows which would press you down. 
Shak.,T. G. of V., iii. 1. 20. 
3. A bundle of some particular kind or quantity, 
(a) A local and customary unit of weight for wool and 
Max, generally 480 or 240 pounds, (b) A measure of coal 
containing about three Winchester bushels, llallnreu. 
IProv. Eng.] (c) The staves and heads of a cask secured 
in a compact bundle; a shook, (d) A bundle of sheet- 
iron plates intended to be heated together or rolled into 
one (e) A package of gold-leaf containing 20 "books" of 
25 leaves each. (/) A load for a pack-animal. 
4. A complete set, as of playing-cards (52 in 
number), or the number used in any particular 
game. 
The pack or set of cards, in the old plays, is continually 
called a pair of cards, which has suggested the idea that 
anciently two packs of cards were used, a custom common 
enough at present in olaying at quadrille. 
'Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 433. 
" Sir Mulberry Hawk,"said Ralph. " Otherwise the most 
knowing card in the paack, Miss Nickleby," said Lord 
Frederick Verisopht. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, xix. 
5. A number of animals herded together by 
gregarious instinct for combined defense or of- 
fense (as a pack of wolves), or kept together for 
hunting in company (as a pack of hounds). See 
liound. 
He cast off his friends as a huntsman his pack, 
For he knew when he pleased he could whistle them back. 
Goldsmith, Retaliation, L 107. 
He kept a pack of dogs better than any man in the coun- 
try. Addison, Sir Roger and Will Wimble. 
6. A set or gang (of people) : used derogatori- 
ly, and especially of persons banded together 
in some notorious practice, or characterized by 
low ways : as, a pack of thieves. 
And yit they were hethene al the pak, 
That were so sore adrad of alle shame. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 299 (1st version). 
The Archbishop of Canterbury was lately outraged in 
his House by a pack of common People. 
HoweU, Letters, I. vi. 43. 
Eickerstaff ... is more a man of honour than to be an 
accomplice with a pack of rascals that walk the street on 
nights. Swift, Squire Bickerstaff Detected. 
7f. A person of low character: as, a naughty 
pack. See naughty. 
The women of the place are ... the most of them 
naughtie packet. Haklttyt's Voyages, II. 207. 
Codes. God save you, sir ! 
Master. What does this idle pack want? 
Bailey, tr. of Colloquies of Erasmus, I. 76. 
8. A considerable area of floating ice in the 
polar seas, more or less flat, broken into large 
pieces by the action of wind and waves, and 
driven together in an almost continuous and 
nearly coherent mass. A pack is said to be open 
when the pieces of ice are generally detached, and close 
when the pieces are in contact. 
In one hour after we reached it [free water], the place 
we left was consolidated into pack. 
Kane, Sec. Grinn. Exp., I. 35. 
9. In hydrotherapy, a wet sheet with other cov- 
ering for closely enveloping the body or a part 
of it ; the process of thus wrapping, or the state 
of being so wrapped. 10. In the fisheries: 
(a) The quantity or number of that which is 
packed, as fish: as, the salmon-jwicA; was large 
that year. (6) Same as steeple. 
After a fortnight's drying, the fish should be put into a 
pack or steeple, for the purpose of sweating. Perley. 
11. In coal-mining, a wall of rough stone or of 
blocks of coal built for the purpose of support- 
ing the roof Mazy pack. See mazy. = Syn. 1. Pack- 
et, parcel, burden, load. 2. Assortment. 6. Brood, Co- 
vey. See ./&><*!. 6. Gang, crew, lot 
pack 1 (pak), v. [< ME. paeken, pakken = D. pak- 
ken = MLG. paeken, paken = G. paeken = Icel. 
pakka = Svt.packa = DaTi.pakke=OF.pacquier, 
pacqwer, packer (ML. paecare), pack; from 
the noun.] I. trans. 1. To put together com- 
pactly in a bundle, bale, package, box, barrel, 
or other receptacle, especially for transporta- 
tion, or convenience in storing or stowing; 
make up into a package, bale, bundle, etc.: as, 
to pack one's things for a journey. 
And gepliche he secheth 
Pruyde, with alle the portinaunce, and packeth hem to- 
gederes. Piers Plowman (C), xvii. 329. 
The gifts she looks from me are pack'd and lock'd 
Up in my heart. Shak., W. T., iv. 4. 369. 
The farmer vext packs up his beds and chairs, 
And all his household stuff. 
Tennyson, Walking to the Mail. 
2. To fill with things arranged more or less 
methodically ; stow : as, to pack a chest 6r a 
hamper. 
Our thighs pack'd with wax, our mouths with honey, 
We bring it to the hive, and, like the bees, 
Are murdered for our pains. Shak. , 2 Hen. IV., iv. 6. 77. 
pack 
There were my trunks, packed, locked, corded, ranged 
in a row along the wall of my little chamber. 
Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, xxv. 
3. To arrange or dispose with a view to fu- 
ture use and activity; especially, to prepare 
and put up in suitable vessels for preservation, 
or in a form suitable for market : as, to pack 
hen-ings; to pact pork, fruit, eggs, etc. 
Almost as neat and close as Nature packs 
Her blossom or her seedling. 
Tennyson, Enoch Arden. 
4. In Itydrothcrapy, to envelop (the body or some 
part of it) in wet cloths, which maybe covered 
over with dry ones. 5. To stuff an interstice 
or space with something that will render it air-, 
vapor-, or water-tight ; make air-tight, steam- 
tight, etc., by stuffing: as, to pack a joint, or 
the piston of a steam-engine. 6. To force 
or press down or together firmly ; compact, as 
snow, ice, earth, sand, or any loose or floating 
material. 
In Eobcson Channel the ice was packed closely to the 
Greenland coast, while to the north the sea was covered 
with level ice, broken in occasional places by water-spaces. 
A. W. Greely, Arctic Service, p. 98. 
7. To assemble or bring together closely and 
compactly; crowd, as persons in a room or a 
vehicle. 
He [Ca?sar] was fayne to packe vp his souldiers in lease 
roume closer together. Golding, tr. of Caesar, fol. 122. 
Two citizens, who take the air, 
Close pack'd, and smiling, in a chaise and one. 
Cowper, Task, i. 80. 
8. To bring together, arrange with, or manipu- 
late (cards, persons, facts', statements, etc.) so 
as to serve one's own purposes; manipulate. 
(a) In gaming, to arrange (the cards) in such a way as to 
secure an undue advantage. 
There be that can pack the cards, and yet cannot play 
well. Bacon, Cunning. 
To pack the cards, and with some coz'niug trick 
His fellow's purse of all his coin to pick. 
J. Dennyi (Arber's Eng. Garner, I. 157). 
And mighty dukes pack cards for half-a-crown. 
Pope, Moral Essays, iii. 142. 
(b) To bring together (the persons who are to constitute 
some deliberative body) improperly and corruptly, with 
the view of promoting or deciding in favor of some par- 
ticular interest or party: as, to pack a jury; to pack a 
committee. 
What course may be taken that, though the King do 
use such providence . . . and leave not things to chance, 
yet it may . . . have no shew, nor scandal, nor nature of 
the packing or bringing of a Parliament ; but, contrariwise, 
that it tendeth to have a Parliament truly free and not 
packed against him. Bacon. Incidents of a Parliament 
If any durst his factious friends accuse, 
He packed a jury of dissenting Jews. 
Dryden, Abs. and Achit., i. 607. 
It is evident that, so far as New York and Pennsylvania 
are concerned, all efforts to pack the delegations to the 
National Republican Convention this year will meet with 
strenuous opposition. The Nation, XXXVIII. 132. 
9. To carry on the back; transport on the 
backs of men or beasts. 
I take old Manitou to carry me to and from the grounds 
and to pack out any game that may be killed. 
T. Roosevelt, Hunting Trips, p. 139. 
The |gold-]"dust" . . . filled the buckskin pouches, not 
unfrequently to such plethoric dimensions as to require 
the assistance of a sumpter horse to pack it down from 
the mines. Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XXXIX. 52. 
10. To load with a pack or packs. 
An it be not four by the day, I'll be hanged : Charles' 
wain is over the new chimney, and yet our horse not 
packed. What, ostler ! Shak., 1 Hen. IV., ii. 1. 3. 
11. To send off or away summarily; specifically, 
to dismiss or discharge from one's employment : 
with off, away, etc.: as, to pack o/&n impudent 
servant. 
You lie not in my house ; I'll pack you out, 
And pay for your lodging rather. 
Beau, and Ft., Wit at Several Weapons, iv. 1. 
She shall be soon pact after too, that 's flat. 
Times' Whistle (E. E. T. S.), p. 39. 
M r . Alerton ... for a while used him [Morton] as a 
scribe to doe his bussiness, till he was caused to pack him 
away. Bradford, Plymouth Plantation, p. 253. 
She will be packed of to live among her relations. 
Goldsmith, Citizen of the World, xix. 
To pack out, to unpack or give out, as a cargo of fish : as, 
the schooner packed out 500 barrels of mackerel. 
II. iutrans. 1. To engage in putting together 
or stowing goods, etc., in packs, bundles, bales, 
boxes, barrels, etc., for transportation or stor- 
age. 2. In mining, to strike light blows on the 
edge of the keeve, so as to assist the separation 
of the ore from the veinstone. See toss. 3. 
To admit of being stowed or put together in an 
orderly arrangement in small compass : as, the 
goods pack well. 4. To settle into a compact 
mass ; become compacted or firmly pressed : as, 
wet snow packs readily. 5. To gather toge- 
