Paguridae 
See hermit-crab, and cuts under cattcrvmriiil, 
Eupagurus, and I'aguroidea. 
Pagufidea (pag-u-rid'e-a), n. pi. [NL.] Same 
as Pagiiroidea. 
paguroid (pag'u-roid), . and . I. a. Resem- 
bling a hermit-crab; specifically, of or pertain- 
ing to the Paguroidca. 
II. n. A member of the Pagnroidea. 
Paguroidea (pag-u-roi'de-a), n.pl. [NL., < Pa- 
ijurus + Gr. ndof, form.] A superfamily of 
hermit- or soldier-crabs, represented by the 
Paguridse and Coenobitidte, having the posterior 
abdominal segments modified for attachment of 
the animal to the shell in which it takes up its 
residence. Most of the species of this family inhabit 
the deserted shells of mollusks, such as whelks, which 
Diogenes-crab {Canobita tricarinata }, one of the Pagnroidca. 
they change for larger ones as they increase in size. They 
are provided with a tail, and with two or three pairs of 
rudimentary feet, by means of which they retain their po- 
sition in their borrowed dwelling. The carapace is not 
strong, but the claws are well developed, one being al- 
ways larger than the other. The most common British 
species is Eupagurus bernhardus. Also Paguridea. See 
also cuts under cancrisocial and Eupagurus. 
Pagnrus (pa-gu'rus), . [NL. (Fabricius), < 
L. pagurus, < Gr. v&yovpof, a crab, < rcriyvvvai 
(/ Toy-), fix (of. fl^yof , hard), 4- ovpd, tail.] The 
typical genus of hermit-crabs of the family Pa- 
guridae. The species have a soft tail and live 
in the shells of various mollusks. See cut un- 
der cancrisocial. 
pagus(pa'gus), .; fl.pagi (-JI). [L., a district, 
province, canton, village, the country; < pan- 
gere (\/pag), fix, fasten: see pact. Hence ult. 
pagan.'] 1. In Bom. antiq., a fortified place 
or village in a rural district, within which the 
population of the surrounding territory took 
refuge in the event of any threatened attack. 
Every pagus had its own magistrates, who kept a register 
of persons and property, collected the taxes, and per- 
formed other necessary acts of local administration. 
2. In early Teut. liist., a division of the people 
or of the territory larger than a vicus or village. 
In early England it seems to have been equivalent to a 
hundred or wapentake (a division or subdivision of a 
county). 
From Ecgberht's day, however, we have grounds for be- 
lieving that the whole of the West-Saxon kingdom was 
definitely ordered in separate pagi, each with an ealdor- 
man at its head, and these pagi can hardly have been other 
than shires. J. R. Green, Conq. of Eng., p. 224. 
pah 1 (pa), interj. [A mere exclamation. Cf. 
ball, pooh, etc.] An exclamation expressing 
contempt or disgust; bah! 
Pah ! pah ! Give me an ounce of civet, good apothecary 
to sweeten my imagination. Shak., Lear, iv. 6. 132. 
pah 2 (pa), n. [Also pan; New Zealand.] In 
New Zealand, a fortified native or Maori camp. 
We had the opportunity of seeing a Maori pah in full 
fighting condition. The Century, XJCV1I. 923. 
Pahlavi, Pehlevi (pa'la-ve, pa'le-ve), n. and 
a. [Pers. Pahlavi.} I. "m. The name given by 
the followers of Zoroaster to the language 
in which are written the ancient translations 
of their sacred books and some other works 
which they preserve; also, the character in 
which these works are written. Encyc. Brit. 
II. a. Of or pertaining to or written in Pah- 
lavi. 
The Pahlam books present the strangest spectacle of 
mixture of speech. Encyc. Brit., XVIII. 134. 
palioehoe (pa-ho'e-ho'e), n. [Hawaiian word, 
meaning 'smooth,' 'polished,' also 'tone.'] 
Compact lava. The spongy or rough lava is 
called a-a. 
Thepahoehoe or velvety lava, which is folded and twist 
ed in the manner of a viscid fluid, and may be compared 
to the homely illustration of a thick coat of cream drawn 
towards one edge of the milk-pan. 
W. T. Brigham, Notes on the Volcanoes of the Hawaiian 
(Islands, p. 81. 
Paictes (pa-ik'tez), n. [NL. (Sundevall, 1873), 
< Gr. vainTTjf, a dancer or player, < iraifrtv, sport, 
4232 
play, dance, < jrm'c, a child.] Same as Pnile- 
pitta. 
paid (pad). Preterit and past participle of pay*. 
paidt.P-o. Contented; satisfied; pleased. Also 
pai/d, payed. [Obsolete or dialectal (Scotch).] 
Whoso that halt hym payd of his poverte, 
I holde hym riche, al nadde he nat a sherte. 
Chaucer, Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 329. 
Also praying Heydon that he wold sey to Richard Ernold 
of Crowmer that he was sory, and evyl payd that his men 
maden the afray up on hym. Paston Letters, I. SI. 
paideutics (pa-du'tiks), M. Same as psedeutics. 
paidle 1 , r. A dialectal (Scotch)fonn of paddle 1 . 
paidle 2 , n. A dialectal (Scotch) form of paddle 2 . 
paiet, i'. and n. A Middle English form of pay 1 . 
paig, n. Same &sj>aca. 
paiglet (pa'gl), n. See pagle. 
paijamas, n. pi. See pajamas. 
paik (pak), v. t. [Origin obscure.] To beat; 
drub. [Scotch.] 
paik (pak), n. [<.paik, v.~\ A beating ; a drub- 
bing. [Scotch.] 
They got their paiks, wi' sudden straiks. 
Battle of KOKeerankie (Child's Ballads, VII. 154). 
pail (pal), n. [< ME. pail, payle, < OF. paile, 
paielle.payelle, paille, paele,paelle,paesle,poisle, 
F. poele = Pr. padela = Sp. padilla = It. pa- 
della, a pan, frying-pan, = Ir. Gael, padhal, a 
pitcher, ewer, < L. patella, dim. of patina, pan: 
see pan 1 and patella. The senses 'bucket, 
pitcher, ewer,' etc., appear to be developed 
from that of 'pan,' but perhaps other words 
are confused with that derived from L. patella. 
Cf. AS.psegel, a wine-vessel (glossed gillo), Dan. 
peegel, half a pint.] A vessel of wood (staves) 
or sheet-metal (usually tin), nearly or quite 
cylindrical, with a hooped handle or bail, used 
for carrying water, milk, or other liquids. 
And Tom bears logs into the hall, 
And milk comes frozen home in pail. 
Shak., L. L. L., v. 2. 926 (song). 
May 1st. To Westminster; in the way meeting many 
milk-maids with their garlands upon their paile, dancing 
with a fiddler before them. Pepyt, Diary, III. 118. 
pail-brush (pal'brush), n. A hard brush, fur- 
nished with bristles at the end, used in dairies, 
etc., to clean the angles of vessels. 
pallet, n. An obsolete form of peel*. 
Lesly, in his account of the Scottish Borderers, says they 
care little aboat their houses or cottages, but " construct 
for themselves stronger towers of a pyramidal form, which 
they call Pailes," which cannot be so easily destroyed. 
Destruction of Troy, Notes, p. 470. 
pailert, n. [< OF. pailler, paillier, bed-straw, 
a rick or stack of straw, < paille, straw: see 
pale*, pallet 1 .'] A straw bed. 
As for vs here in Italy, even as our maner was in old 
time to lie and sleep vpon straw-beds and chaffy couches, 
so at this day wee vse to call our patters still by the name 
of Stramenta. Holland, tr. of Pliny, xix. 1. (Dames.) 
pailett, n. An obsolete form of pallet 1 . Chaucer. 
pailful (pal'fiil), n. [< pail + -ful.~\ The quan- 
tity that a pail will hold. 
Yond same cloud cannot choose but fall by paUftds. 
Shak., Tempest, ii. 2. 24. 
paillasse (pa-lyas'), n. [Also palliasse; < F. 
paillasse, a bed of straw, (. paille, straw : see 
palliard.} 1. Originally, a straw bed ; in mod- 
ern upholstery, an under-mattress. 2f. A gar- 
ment trimmed with plaited straw sewed on like 
galloon or passement : women's dresses were so 
ornamented about 1785. 3f. A buffoon whose 
costume was generally striped like the ticking 
or stuff of which the covering of a mattress is 
made, whence the name: a character assumed 
by masqueraders. 
paillasson (F. pron. pa-lya-s6n'), n. [F., < pail- 
lasse, a bed of straw, < paille, straw: see pail- 
lasse.'} A kind of straw bonnet for women, in- 
troduced about 1850. 
pail-lathe (pal'la&H), n. A lathe for turning 
the outer and inner sides of wooden pails, mak- 
ing the e^ids true, and forming the croze. 
paille-maillet, . Same as pall-mall. 
paillett, . An obsolete form of pallet 1 . 
paillette (pa-lyef), n. [F., < paille, straw : see 
pale*, pallet 1 .} 1. A spangle or glittering piece 
of metal (or glass) forming a part of costume, 
either sewed to a garment or hanging with 
others in a bunch secured to a feather or in a 
similar position where it could move freely. 
2. In enamel-painting, a bit of metal or colored 
foil. 
The lights were picked out in gold, while the brilliant 
effect of gems was obtained by the use of paillettes or col- 
cured foils. Encyc. Brit., VIII. 184. 
Also papilette. 
paillon (F. pron. pa-lyon'), n. [F., a spangle, 
foil, < paille, straw: see pale*.} Bright metal 
pain 
foil, used in decorative art to show through a 
thickness of enamel or painting to alter its color 
or give it brilliancy; by extension, gilding ap- 
plied upon a surface, as of wood, papier-mache', 
etc., upon which painting is to be done in trans- 
lucent colors. 
pail-machine (pal'ma-shen*'), n. A machine 
for making wooden pails; a pail-lathe. 
pailmailt, . Same &s pall-mall. 
pail-Stake (pal'stak), n. Abough with branches, 
fixed in the ground in a dairy-yard for hang- 
ing pails on. Halliwell. [Local, Eng.] 
paimentt, n. An obsolete spelling of payment. 
pain 1 (pan), n. [< TAE.paine, payne, peine,peyne, 
< OF. peine,paine, payne, poine, poene, F. peine = 
Pr. Sp. Pg. It. pena, < Ij.poena, 'Mli.pena, a fine, 
penalty, punishment, later also hardship, pain, 
< Gr. xoivii, a fine, penalty, retribution, punish- 
ment, vengeance. Hence ult. (< L. pcena) E. 
penal, penalty, punish, punitive, impune, impu- 
nity, penitent, penitence, penance, repent, etc., said 
(through AS.) E.pine?.} 1. Penalty ; punish- 
ment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil 
inflicted as a punishment for a crime, or an- 
nexed to the commission of a crime. 
Therto he nom gret, peine of horn, and from Salesburi to 
Wight he wende. Rob. of Gloucester, p. 377. 
His offence is so, as it appears, 
Accountant to the law upon that pain. 
Shak., M. for M. ,11. 4. 86. 
The keeper telleth me it is pain of death for any to 
speak with me. 
J. Bradford, Letters (Parker Soc., 1863), II. 263. 
2. Uneasiness or distress of body or of mind ; 
bodily or mental suffering, (a) That property of 
sensations or states of consciousness which induces in the 
sentient being an effort or a desire to suppress or be rid of 
them : the opposite of pleasure. Pain may have any de- 
gree of intensity, from the least perceivable to a maximum 
at or about which consciousness is destroyed. It may be 
local or general, physical or mental, or both together. In 
many sensations, as those produced by burns, the prick of 
a pin, or a colic, the element of pain is so predominant 
that such sensations are distinctively called pains. 
For to bye and to delyvere us from Peynesot Helle, and 
from Dethe withouten ende. Mandemlle, Travels, p. 2. 
Absent thee from felicity awhile, 
And in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain, 
To tell my story. Shak., Hamlet, v. 2. 369. 
My pain hath drawn my head so much awry, and holds 
it so, that mine eye cannot follow mine hand. 
Donne, Letters, xiv. 
By pleasure and pain, delight and uneasiness, I must 
all along be understood ... to mean not only bodily pain 
and pleasure, but whatsoever delight or uneasiness is felt 
by us, whether arising from any grateful or unacceptable 
sensation or reflection. 
Locke, Human Understanding, II. xx. 16. 
Specifically (6) In the plural, the throes or distress of 
travail or childbirth. 
She bowed herself and travailed ; for her pains came 
upon her. i Sam. iv. 19. 
(c) Uneasiness of mind ; mental distress ; disquietude ; 
anxiety; solicitude; grief; sorrow. 
Whon God sat in his blisse bosked in heuene, 
He seij the peple thorw peine passen in-to helle. 
Joseph of Arimathie(E. E. T. S.), p. 4. 
What pain do you think a man must feel when his con- 
science lays this folly to his charge? Law. 
3. Labor; exertion; endeavor; especially, la- 
bor characterized by great care, or by assidu- 
ous attention to detail and a desire to secure 
the best results ; care or trouble taken in doing 
something: used chiefly in the plural: as, to 
spare no pains to be accurate ; to be at great 
pains or to take great pains in doing something. 
The form pains has been used by good writers 
as a singular, as in the quotation from Shak- 
spere below. 
Ser, think you notbutweshalldoour payn 
To coumfort yow, and do yow suche seruice 
As our connyng and Powre may suffice. 
Qenenjdes(E. E. T. S.), 1. 1018. 
Many couet much, and little paynes therefore intende to 
take. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 90. 
Thou lovest it not ; 
And all my pains is sorted to no proof. 
Here, take away this dish. 
Shak., T. of the S., iv. 3. 43. 
What ignorant persons you are, to take upon you so te- 
dious a journey, and yet are like to have nothing but your 
travel for your pains .' Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, p. 193. 
He took me under his shelter at an early age, and be- 
stowed somepains upon me. Lamb, Modern Gallantry. 
4f. Trouble; difficulty. 
Up I clomb with moche payne. 
Chaucer, House of Fame, 1. 1118. 
I bridle in my struggling Muse with pain, 
That longs to launch into a bolder strain. 
Addison, Letter from Italy. 
Bill of pains and penalties, a bill introduced into Par- 
liament to attaint particular persons of treason or felony, 
or to inflict pains and penalties beyond or contrary to the 
common law. Such bills (or acts) are, in fact, new laws 
