Palseophis 
the order Opliiilin. 1'. /ijiapifut was a species about 
12 feet long, whose remains occur hi the Sheppey clay. /'. 
typhoeux, from I ho Kocene of llrackleshaiu, was a larger 
speeii'8, 'M feet long, apparently irsriuMiun ;i pyllniii or 
IMI.I constrictor. 
Palaeophycus ( kus), . [ML., < Gr. 
-n'/iiinr. ancient. + in /,<;, a seaweed.] The 
iianir given liy Hull In certain markings found 
in various localities in Now York in the calcif- 
eroiis sa in 1st one (Lower Silurian). These mark- 
iiiKx WITC suppi^i i] nt some kind of seaweed. 
Some of the Ijiwer Silurian fucolds Included In the gen- 
em Palie?hi>rtlu, /'"/,* -v/''/''"- .v IrfhuH, etc., are consid- 
ered tn hr i In' ducks or burrows of worms. Their nature 
and rttHNitU-j* arc extremely doubtful. 
The genus ralteophi/cu* of Hall Includes a great variety 
of uncertain objects, of which only a few are true Alpo. 
Dawmn, Ueol. Hist of Plants, p. 38. 
Palaeopteris (pa-le-op'te-ris), n. [NL., < Or. 
ira'/MOf, ancient, + irnpit;, a fern.] A genus of 
fossil ferns, established by Schimper (1869). 
The ferns included In this genus differ from the living Adi- 
'irit<n,< In some details of fructification, and under the 
name of Palxopttris are Included species previously re- 
ferred by authors to the genera Cyclopteru, Sphenopurit, 
Natiiyerathia., and others. This genus, as constituted by 
Schimper, is chiefly of Devonian age ; but several specie* 
supposed to belong to it are reported from the Carbonife- 
rous. .Same as Archieopterig. Dawton, 1871. 
Palaeorhynchidae (pa'le-o-ring'ki-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Palseorhynchus + -idee.] In Giinther'a 
system of classification, a family of acanthop- 
terygian fishes, typified by the genus Paleeo- 
rl/i/iicli H.V. They have a long compressed body, long ver- 
tical fins, a long beak (toothless or with very small teeth), 
the dorsal tin extending the whole length of the back, the 
anal reaching from the vent to the caudal, the caudal 
forked, and the ventrals thoracic in position and composed 
of several rays. The species are all extinct ; they lived 
during the later Cretaceous and early Tertiary, and, as is 
supposed, in the deep sea. 
Palaeorhynchus (pa'le-o-ring'kus), n. [NL., < 
Gr. ffaXaiuf, ancient, + pvyxos, snout, beak.] 
An extinct genus of fishes which were provided 
with an elongated beak resembling that of the 
swordfish, and which form the type of the fam- 
ily Palxorhynchidx. 
Palaeornis (pa-le-6r'nis)j n. [NL., < Gr. ra/a<- 
of, ancient, + &pytf, a bird.] The typical ge- 
nus of Paleeornithina, founded by Vigors in 
1825 : so called because some bird of this kind 
was known to the ancients of Greece and Rome. 
One species was named by Linntous P. alexandri, on the 
supposition that it was that mentioned by Onesicrftus, a 
historian of Alexander the Great. These birds are known 
as rinff-parroti, from the characteristic collar around the 
neck. P. torquatus is the common ring-parrot of India, 
in parts of which country it abounds, sometimes in flocks 
of thousands. This appears to be the bird often figured 
as an attribute or accessory of some of the Hindu goddess- 
es in sculpture and painting, like the owl of Minerva or 
the dove of Venus. Palteornis is the largest as well as 
the name-giving genus of its group, with upward of 20 
species, inhabiting chiefly the Oriental regions, but also 
Africa. The general color is green, the bill waxy-red in 
the male, the lores feathered, the tail long and cuneate, 
the wings pointed, and the form rather lithe. The voice 
is verylourt and harsh, but the birds may be taught to talk 
a little, and prove tractable In confinement. See cut under 
ring-parrot. 
Palaeornithidae (pa"le-6r-nith'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Palaornis (-ormth-) + -idee.] The f'a- 
Ixornithinee elevated to the rank of a family. 
In Gal-rod's arrangement, the usual scope of the group' is 
extended to include the cockatoos, which are generally 
placed in a separate family. Cacatuida ; in this case the 
family is divided into two subfamilies, Palaarnithina and 
Cacatuinte. 
Palaeornithinae (pa/le-6r-ni-thi'ne), n. pi. 
[NL.,< Palaomis (-omith-) + -ins.] A sub- 
family of PtlttaewOj typified by the genus 
PaUeomix, found in the Austromalayan re- 
gion, India, and Africa, including Madagascar. 
They are technically distinguished by the pres- 
ence of two carotids, and the absence of an 
ambiens. See Palseornis. 
palasornithlne (pa-le-6r'ni-thin), a. [< Paljf- 
uniifi (-iinii/l:-) + -j/ifl.] Of or pertaining to 
the Palseiiniilhiilii' : possessing the characters 
of the Pul'<'ititiii<iu' : as. patapraOMMMMBera. 
palaeosaur (pd'le-o-sar), n. [< NL. Pal&osau- 
rux.] A fossil reptile of the genus Palseosaurnx. 
Palaeosauria (pa'le-o-sa'ri-a), n. pi. [NL. : 
see I'li/ii'dniiiinis.] A group of reptiles named 
from the genus 1'uln'iutitnrux. Also Palieosttiirii. 
Aiinxxi:, 1835. 
Palseosaurus (pa'le-o-sa'rus), . [NL., < Gr. 
irahuif, ancient, + aai'/tof, lizard.] A genus of 
fossil reptiles based by Geoffrey on teeth of 
Triassic age, referred by Owen to his order 
I'lii i-iii/niitia, later considered to belong to the 
4237 
Palseoselachii(p'16-o-se-la'ki-i), .(. [NL., 
< (lr. wviaiAf, ancient, -r NL. Si-im-lni. <|. v.] 
(border of Selackoidei, represented alone 
by the family Sotidanidx: distinguished from 
.\. ii-ilin-liii. II'. .1. llnmrrll. 
Palxospalaz (pa-le-os'pa-laks), n. [NL., < Gr. 
ita'/Mivr, ancient, + aira^jof, a mole.] A ge- 
nus of fossil insectivorous mammals, based Dy 
Owen upon remains found, along with those 
of the elephant, deer, and beaver, in a lacus- 
trine deposit at Ostenil on the Belgian coast. 
The type species. /'. null/nun, was as largo as a 
hedgehog. 
Palaeospiza (pa'le-o-spi'za), . [NL., < Gr. 
ira).at6f, ancient, + <nr/fa, a bird of the finch 
kind.] A genus of apparently passerine fossil 
birds founded by J. A. Allen in 1878 upon re- 
mains from the insect-bearing shales of Flo- 
rissant, Colorado. The species It named P. belta. It 
was little larger than a sparrow. The specimen is In a 
very perfect state of preservation, plainly showing the 
Impress of the feathers, which are rarely visible in or- 
uithicli - 
hnltes. 
Palaeostoina (pa-le-os'to-mS), w. [NL., < Ur. 
va?M(6f, ancient, +' ar6ua, mouth.] A genus of 
sea-urchins : same as Leskia, 2. 
palaeothere (pa'le-o-ther), . [< NL. Pateo- 
therium.] An animal of the genus Palsevthe- 
rium, or the family PaUeothcriicUe. 
Palamedeidae 
part of a foot, or about :i.l Knglish indies. 
Also dochait, dactytodwhme. 
palaestra, . See pot 
palaetiological, palaetiologist, etc. See pale- 
ll, :!<}</,, <ll. . II-. 
palafltte (pal'a-fit), n. [< F. palntitti, < It. pa- 
liiiiiin. ,-i tent e of piles, OH. also palificata, a 
fence of piles, a p:ili*a<le, < /Kilifmirr = K. pali- 
fur, make a foundation of piles: see jialifiea- 
Hon.] In archaol., a lake-dwelling or hut of 
prehistoric times constructed on piles over the 
surface of a lake or other body of water. This 
name Is given especially to the remains of this character 
found In many of the lakes of Switzerland and the neigh- 
boring lakes of Italy. Closely similar structures are actu- 
ally In use In -New Guinea and elsewhere. 
palagonite (pa-lag'o-nit), n. (X Patagonia, in 
Sicily, where it is found, -I- -ite^.] A volcanic 
rock closely allied to basalt and having a de- 
cidedly vitreous structure. Fragments of palago- 
nlte having a more or less angular form, and Intermixed 
with small pieces and dust of basaltic lava, form the so- 
called palagonite-tufT, which occurs In large quantity in 
Iceland, .Sicily, the Eifel (In Germany), and other volcanic 
districts 
palagonitic (pa-lag-6-nit'ik), a. [< 
+ -ic.] Pertaining to or of the nature of pa- 
lagonite. Encyc. Brit., XXI. 189. 
palama (para-ma), .; pl.n/m(-me). [NL.. 
< Gr. -ii/ii in,, the palm of the hand : see /< //'.] 
palasotherian, paleotherian (pa'le-o-the'ri- In ornith., the webbing or webbed state of the 
an), a. [< 2'aleeotherium + -an.] Pertaining toes of a bird, constituted by any of the condi- 
tions known as totipatmation, palmalioH, and 
ttmtpalmatfon, according as all four toes or the 
three front toes are webbed, or the front toes 
are only partly webbed. See cuts under pal- 
mate, semipalmate, and totipalmate. 
palamate (para-mat), a. [< NL. palama + 
-<!'('.] I la v ing a palama or palatine ; more or 
less palmate or webbed, as a bird's feet. 
Palamatism (para-ma-tizra), n. [< Palamae 
(see Palamite) + -urn.] In eh. hist., the doc- 
trines of the Palamites. Bee Palamite. 
to the palaeotheres or Paleeotheriidie, or having 
their characters. 
Palaeotherlidae (pa'le-o-the-ri'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < PalKotheriuni 4- -idw.] A family of fos- 
sil perissodactyl mammals, typified by the genus 
Palseotheriunt, and including also such genera as 
Propaleeotherium and Palaplotherium (or Plagi- 
olophus). These animals lived In late Eocene and Mio- 
cene times, and were of a general tapir-like aspect. They 
had the typical number of 44 teeth, interrupted by wide 
diastemata ; the canines were well developed ; the skull 
was taplroid ; and there were but three toes on the fore 
feet, as weU as on the bind. Also Palantheridtr. 
palaeotheriodont (pa'le-o-the'ri-6-dont), a. 
[< NL. Paleeotherium + Gr. ofoif (Main-) = E. 
tooth.] In odontog., noting a form of dentition 
characteristic of the Palteotheriidx, in which the 
upper molars have the external tubercules lon- 
gitudinal and subcrescentic in section, the inner 
being united with them by obliquely transverse 
crests. 
Palaeotherium (pa'le-6-the'ri-um), . [NL., < 
Gr. Tra/laioc, ancient, 4- Or/piov, a wild beast, < 
0f/p, wild beast.] 1. The typical genus of Pa- 
Iteotheriidx, first discovered in the gypsum of 
' 
The movement was as much a political as a religious one, 
and may as fitly be named, as It was named, CanUcnze- 
nism as Palainatiftm. 
J. M. Settle, Eastern Church, I. 872, note. 
Palamedea(pal-a-me'de-ii),n. [NL.(Linneus<, 
< ii.Palamedes,^(ir. tta'/.aufiitK, son of Nauplins, 
king of Eubrea, a hero who lost his life before 
Troy, famed for his supposed inventions: prob. 
'inventor,' < n-aXouj?, the hand, craft, device, 
art : see palm 1 ."] The typical genus of the fam- 
ily Palamedeidte, containing one species, P. cor- 
nuta, the kamichi or horned screamer. The gen- 
eral aspect of the bird Is very peculiar; the bill Is shaped 
somewhat as In gallinaceous birds : the legs are long and 
massive, with the tiblte naked below, the toes long, with 
* 
ratmvttitrittm maftiuttt. 
the Paris basin, of Upper Eocene age. The 
original species is named P. magnum. Several 
others have been described. 2. [1. <.] A spe- 
cies of this genus ; a palseothere. 
palaeotheroid (pa'le-o-the'rpid), a. [< NL. Pa- 
Iseothtrium + -oW.] Pertaining to the genus 
Palieotheriuni; related to or resembling the Pa- 
leeothcriidn 1 . 
Palaeotringa (pa'le-o-tring'ga), n. [NL., prop. 
* Palieotrynga, < Gr. iro/aiof, ancient, + rpt/yjaf, 
a kind of wagtail.] A genus of fossil mesozoic 
birds, based by Marsh in 1870 upon remains of 
Upper Cretaceous age from the greensand of 
New Jersey. They were snipe-like birds, apparently, 
and seem to have been originally discovered by Dr. 8. 0. 
Morton In 1834. Several species have been described, as 
P. wtiu, /'. ntgatu, and P. littoralit. The last-named was 
as large as a curlew. 
palaeotype, paleotype (pa'le-o-tlp), n. [< Gr. 
jraXoioj, old, ancient, + riirof, stamp, impres- 
sion, type: see type.] A phonetic system of 
spelling devised by Alexander J. Ellis, in which 
die introduction of new types is avoided by 
the distinctive use of all the available present 
forms (italic, roman, small capital, etc.) of the 
old types, some of them being turned and thus 
made to do double duty. Compare Glossic and 
palaeoselachian (pa'le-6-se-la'ki-an), a. and M. palasste (pa-les'te), i. [< Gr. xal.aiorij, later 
I. a. Pertaining to the Palxwrlachii, or having form of TO/OCTI? = iraJiajui, the palm of the hand, 
their characters. hence a palm, four fingers' breadth: seepalm 1 .] 
II. ii. A member of the Pal&oselachii. An ancient Greek measure of length, the fourth 
long straight claws and ballnx incumbent ; the wing has 
a pair of stout spurs, roetacarpal and phalangeal ; and the 
head has a slender recurved horn, o or 6 Inches long. Sy- 
nonymous with Anhiina. 
Palamedeae (pal-a-me'de-e), . pi. [NL., pi. of 
Palamedea.] In Sclater's system of classifica- 
tion (1880), an order of birds, containing only 
the family Palamedeidte. 
palamedean (pal-a-me'de-an), a. [< NL. Pala- 
medea + -mi.] Pertaining to the Palamedeida, 
and especially to the genus Palamedea, or hav- 
ing their characters. 
Palamedeidae (pal'a-me-de'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Pulamedea + -ida.] A family of chenomor- 
phic birds, represented by the genera Palame- 
dea and Chaunii, forming a separate suborder. 
Palamedeie or Anhimoideee, related to the la- 
melli rostral birds and to the Alectorides; the 
kamichis and chahas. The skull Is simply desinogna- 
thoiis, with recurved mandlbular angle, conforming in 
