paleis 
palelSt, A Midilli' KiigliHh form of pnlni-i . 
palely (piil'li), nrfr. Witli paleness; with a pale 
or wan look or appearance. 
Amelia took the news very pakly nml calmly. 
TluKkeraij, Vanity Fair, xviil. 
palcmpore, palempour, H. Sec puiamporr. 
palendart, palandriet (pareu-djir, pal'an-dri), 
H. (OF. /Hililnill'ii, /Miltniili'iii, I 1 '. hiil<indr<: = 8p. 
Pg. liiilinidni = It. iniliiii/lriii. /iiiliniilrn, < ML. 
IHiliniilitriii, a kind of ship; cf. bilundfr.] A 
kind of coasting-vessel ; a inlander. Also pal- 
Inn i In-. 
Palandrie be great flat vessels made like Ferlboats to 
transpnrt horse. UaUuyfi Voyage*, IL 122. 
paleness (pal'nes), n. The character or con- 
dition of being pale ; wanness; defect of color; 
want of freshness or ruddiness; whiteness of 
look. = Sy 11 . See pale*, a. 
paleo-. For words so beginning, not found be- 
low, see palm-. 
paleo-anthropic, palaeo-anthropic (pa 'If -6- 
an-throp'ik), it. [< Ur. ira)jiiuf, ancient, + 
avtipunof, man.] Of or pertaining to prehis- 
toric man. 
paleqbotanical. palaeobotanical (pa*le-6-bo- 
tan'i-kal), a. [< paleohotnn-y + -ie-al.] Of or 
pertaining to paleobotany. Also paltophytic. 
paleobotanist, palaeobotanist (pa*le-o-bot'a- 
nist), M. [< iMili'iibiitan-y + -igt.] One versed 
in or engaged in the study of paleobotany. 
paleobotany, palaeobqtany (pa*le-o-bot'a-ni), 
n. [< Or. 7ra/.ai6f, ancient, + E. botany.] That 
department of paleontology which treats of fos- 
sil plants, as distinguished from paleozoology, 
or the study of fossil animals; the science or 
study of fossil plants ; geologic botany. Also 
/inlcophytology. Compare paleozoology. 
paleocosmic, palasocosmic (pa'le-o-koz'mik), 
. [< Gr. 7ra/<f, ancient, T noa/tof, world.] 
Pertaining or relating to the ancient world, or 
to the earth during former geological periods. 
Antediluvian men may ... In geology be Pleistocene 
as distinguished from modern, or Palxocoymic as distin- 
guished from Neocosmlc. 
Dataott, Origin of the World, p. 286. 
paleocrystic, palaeocrystic (pa*le-o-kris'tik), 
a. [< Gr. jroAaiof, ancient, + Kpi>of, frost : see 
crystal."] Consisting of ancient ice: first ap- 
plied by the explorers of the British north po- 
lar expedition (1875-6) to the ice-floes encoun- 
tered on the furthest northern advance of the 
party under command of Captain Markham. 
paleo-ethnological, palaeo-ethnological (pa'- 
le-6-oth-no-loj i-kal), a. Pertaining to the sci- 
ence of paleo-ethnology. 
paleo-ethnologist, palaeo-ethnologist (pa'le- 
o-eth-nol'p-jist), . [< paleo-ethnolog-y + -ist.] 
One who is versed in paleo-ethnology. 
paleo-ethnology, palaeo-ethnology (pa'le-6- 
eth-nol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. jraAif, ancient, + E. 
ethnology.] The science of the most primitive 
peoples or races; the ethnology of the earliest 
times. 
Paleogene, Palaeogene (pa'le-o-jen), . [< Gr. 
TroAa/oycv^f, < 7raAaif, ancient, + -yevfa, born: 
see -gene.'] In geol., a division of the Tertiary, 
suggested, but not generally adopted, which 
would embrace the Eocene and Oligocene, 
while that part of the Tertiary which is newer 
than Oligocene would be denominated Sc</< m\ 
This subdivision of the groups newer than the Cretaceous 
has been advocated as being more in harmony with the 
results of paleontological investigation than that at pres- 
ent maintained. 
paleograph, palaeograph (pa'le-o-graf), . [< 
Gr. >ra/<j<0f, ancient, + ypatytiv, write.] An an- 
cient manuscript. Eclectic Ret. 
paleographer, palaeographer (pa-le-og'ra-fer), 
n. [< fMMD0rqpft-j| + -eri.] One who is skilled 
in paleography. 
paleographic, palaeographic (pa'le-o-graf 'ik), 
n. [= F. pMMynMMMOlM/ as paleograpli-y + 
-to.] Of or pertaining to paleography. 
paleographical, palaeographical (pa'le-o- 
graf'i-kal), a. [< paleograpnic + -/.] Based 
on or connected with paleography ; relating to 
paleographv. 
paleographically, palaeographically (pa'le- 
o-graf'i-kal-i), adv. As regards paleography ; 
fcy paleography. 
paleographist, palaeographist (pa-le-og'ra- 
fist), n. [< piilrniir<i/ili-y + -ixt.~\ A paleog- 
rapher. 
paleography, palaeography (pa-le-og'ra-n), n. 
[= F. paleographir = Sp. paleografia = Pg. pa- 
Ifoiiraphia = It. paleografia, < NL. palseogra- 
phia, <. Gr. n-oAa/of, ancient, T -ypa<t>ia, < yp&$eiv, 
write.] 1. An ancient manner of writing; or, 
4241 
more generally, ancient methods of writing col- 
lectively. 2. The science or art of decipher- 
ing ancient documents or writing, including the 
kmmlcdgfl of the various characters used at 
different periods by the scribes of different 
nations and languages, their usual abbrevia- 
tions, etc.; the study of ancient written docu- 
ments and modes of writing. See i-piiim/iliy, 
and compare diplomatic*. 
While, epigraphy ... Is the science which deals with 
Inscriptions engraved on stone or metal or other enduring 
material as memorials for future ages, palmgrapky takei 
cognizance of writings of a literary, economical, or legal 
nature, written generally with stile, reed, or pen, on tab- 
lets, rolls, or books. Km-iie. Brit., \ \ III. 14S. 
paleoichthyological, palaeoichthyological 
(pa'le-o-ik*thi-o-loj'i-kaf), a. Same as jNUMafc- 
paleoichthyologist, palaeqichthyologist (pa'- 
It n-ik-thi-ol'o-jist), n. Same &s paletclithifnln- 
gi.it. 
paleoichthyology, palaeoichthyology > pa le 
o-ik-thi-ol'6-ji), n. Same &s paieichtnyoloyy. 
paleola (pa^le'o-la), ii.; pi. palcolie (-le). [NL., 
dim. < L. palea, chaff: see pale*.] In hot., a di- 
minutive palea, or one of a secondary order : 
same as lodicule. Gray. 
paleolate (pa'lf-6-lat), a. [< paleola + -ate 1 .] 
In hot., furnished with paleola?. 
paleolith, palaeolitk (pa'l-o-lith), n. r< Gr. 
Tra)a<6c, ancient, + /<0of, stone.] An unpolished 
stone object or implement belonging to the 
earlier stone age. 
paleolithic, palaeolithic (pa'le-o-lith'ik),a.and 
. {(.paleolith + -ic.] I. . Characterized by the 
existence of ancient and roughly finished stone 
implements. The so-called "stone age," or prehistoric 
division of the ' ' recent" or " human " period, has been sepa- 
rated Into two subdivisions, the pateoliUae and the neoitlA- 
ic, in supposed accordance with the degree of progress made 
In working fllnU and other stony materials into shapes suit- 
able for weapons and implements of various kinds. The 
paleolithic epoch has been subdivided in various ways by 
different investigators In various regions. In France some 
have called deposits containing the rudest flint Implements 
CktUean, from the locality St. Acheul near Amiens ; other 
deposits with more finished work have been denominated 
Mouxterian (from Moustler, on the Vezere) ; and those with 
objects of still higher grades of finish have received the 
names of Solutrian (from Solutre, Saone-et- Loire) and May- 
dalenian (from La Madeleine, on the Vezere). Neither the 
larger nor the minor subdivisions of the stone age have any 
general chronological value. 
II. . A stone implement of the paleolithic 
or stone age. [Rare.] 
The Smithsonian Institution has just Issued a circular 
of enquiry, asking for information as to the discovery of 
rude relics resembling paltolithict. 
Amer. Antiquarian, X. 128. 
paleolithical, palaeolithical (pa'le-o-lith'i- 
kal), a. [< paleolithic + -al.] Same as paleo- 
lithic. Boban Collection of Antiquities (1887), 
H. 8. 
paleologist, palaeologist (pa-le-ol'o-jist), n. 
[< paleolog-y + -ist.] One conversant with pa- 
leology; a student of or a writer on antiquity. 
paleology, palaeolqgy (pa-le-ol'o-ji), n. f= It. 
jialeologta, ( Gr. as if Tra^/woXoj/a, < ira'/.atoMyEtv, 
speak of or examine ancient things, < ira^o/of, 
ancient, + teyeiv, speak : see -ology.] The study 
of antiquities ; archaeology. 
paleontographical, palaeontographical (pa- 
le-on-to-grari-kal), a. [< paleontograph-y + 
-ic-nl. Cf. F. paltontographique.] Descriptive 
of fossil organisms; of or pertaining to paleon- 
tography. 
paleontography, palseontography (pa'le-on- 
tog'ra-fi), . [= F. paleontographie, < Gr. va- 
hu6f, ancient, + i>v, oeing, neut. pi. &vra, be- 
ings, + -ypatyia, < ypaQeiv^ write.] Descriptive 
paleontology ; the description of fossils or a 
treatise upon them. 
paleontologic, palaeontologic (pa-le-on-to-loj'- 
1k), O. [=F. palcontologique ; as paleontolog-y 
-f--ic.] Same &spaleontoloi/ii-n/. 
paleontological, palaeontological (pa-le-on- 
to-loj'i-kal), a. [< paleontologic + -al.] Of or 
pertaining to paleontology. 
paleontologically, palaeontologically (pa-le- 
on-to-loj'i-kal-i), adr. In a paleontological 
sense ; from a paleontological point of view. 
paleontologist, palaeontologist (pa'le-on-tol'- 
o-jist), n. [= F. paleontologiste ; Mpaleontol- 
<>g-y + -wt.J One who is versed in paleon- 
tology. 
paleontology, palaeontology (pa'le-on-tol'o- 
ji), M. [= F. paleontologie, < Gr. iro2/nor, an- 
cient, + av, being, neut. pi. 4rra, beings, + 
-foyia, < teyuv. speak : see -ology.] The science 
of the former life of the globe ; the study of the 
life of former geologic periods; that branch of bi- 
Palermitan 
ology which treats of fo.ssil organism-, and M- 
]iecially of fossil nninnils: paleox.oology and 
paleoliotany. A l-o i-alled iiii/r/n ,,/,,,,,!_ 
paleophytic, palaeophytic (pa'le-o-lii'ik). n. 
[< (ir. Tuirnim, iineicnt, + (fivrov, plant, + -n: \ 
1. Same MI iiiiliiihnliiiiiriil. 2. l{elntin|r to or 
considered from the stanilpoint of fos.sil plant-: 
as, a /iiiliii/ilitttir period. 
paleophytological, palaeophytological i pa le 
o-t i to-loj'i-kal), a. [< paleophytotog-y + -u--<il. ] 
Of or pertaining to paleophytology. 
paleophytologist, palaeophytologist (pa'le-o- 
fi-tol o-jist ). . | <. /iliii/i/i i/t'iln;/-i/ + -i"i.\ One 
who is versed in the subject of paleophytology. 
paleophytology, palaeophytology (pa'le-o-n- 
tol'6-ji), . [< <ir. -n'/iiini. ancient. + tpvrfo, 
plant, + -^oyta, < jv, speak: see -ology. Cf. 
liln/toloi/y.] Same as piilfiiliiitiniy. 
paleornithological, palaeornithological (pa- 
le-dr'ni-tho-loj'i-kai), a. [< palrornitlHiliMj-y 
+ -i'c-/.] Of or pertaining to paleornithology. 
paleornithology, palaeornithology (pii-le-or- 
ni-thol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. rca'/Miof, ancient, -r E. 
i>fiiiiliiiliMin.\ The science of fossil birds; the 
department of paleontology which treats of fos- 
sil birds. 
paleotechnic, palssotechnic (pa'le-o-tek'nik), 
a. [ < Gr. ira/.ai6$, ancient, + rlxvti, art : see tech- 
nic.] Pertaining to or practising primitive art. 
paleotropical, palaeotropical (pa'le-o-trop'i- 
kal), a. [< Gr. mi2<uof, ancient, + E. tropical.] 
Of or relating to the tropical or subtropical re- 
gions of the Old World. The western paleotropical 
region Is the Ethiopian, the middle Is the Indian, and the 
eastern is the Australian. P. L. Sclater, 1858. 
paleous (pa'le-us), a. [= It. pagliom, < L. as if 
"paleosus, < palea, chaff: see pale*.] Chaffy; 
like chaff. 
Strawsanclpafcotu bodies. Sir7'.firow,Vulg.Err.,il.4. 
paleoyolcanic, palaeovolcanic (pa'le-o-vol- 
kan'ik), a. [< Gr. ira'/ai6f, ancient, + El. rol- 
canic.] Volcanic and of a period older than the 
Tertiary. Rocks newer than the Cretaceous have been 
called by Kosenbusch neavolcanic, and are frequently dis- 
tinguished by geologists as modern volcanit, or simply as 
rolcanic, while the paleovolcauic rocks are most generally 
designated as eruptive. 
Paleozoic, Palaeozoic (pa'le-o-zo'ikl, . [= F. 
nalco:oi(iue, < Gr. fro/a/of, ancient, T su^,life.] 
In geol., belonging to or constituting a geologi- 
cal formation characterized by the presence of 
ancient forms of life: applied to the oldest divi- 
sion of the geological series, beginning with the 
lowest stratified fossiliferous group, and extend- 
ing upward to the base of the Triassic, or to the 
top of the Permian. The grand divisions of the Pale- 
ozoic are, proceeding upward or to groups later In age, the 
Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian. (See these 
words.) Of these the Permian is much the least important. 
paleontological point of view, be properly separated Into 
two great divisions, a newer and an older. The former em- 
braces the Silurian ; the latter, the Devonian, Carbonifer- 
ous, and Permian. The older Paleozoic Is distinguished 
by the great predominance of graptolites, trilohites, and 
hrachlopods, and by the absence of vertebrate* ; the newer 
Paleozoic, by the number and variety of the fishes and am- 
phibia, by the disappearance of graptolltea and trilobites, 
and by an extraordinarily developed flora, largely cryp- 
togamic In character, from which a very considerable 
part of the coal of the globe has been formed. Rocks of 
Paleozoic age are spread over wide areas. They are es- 
pecially important in the eastern and northeastern United 
State* and In the I'pper Mississippi valley, in which re- 
gions they usually form the surface-rock, being covered 
only with detrital formations of the most recent age. 
Almost the whole of the bed-rock In New York and Penn- 
sylvania Is of Paleozoic age, and here the various groups 
of this series were studied out by the Geological Surveys 
of those States from 1834 on. To the labors of Sedgwlck 
and Murchison In Wales and western England, carried on 
at about the same time with the beginnings of the New 
York and Pennsylvania .Surreys, Is due the larger share 
of the credit of disentangling the complicated structure 
of a region where the Paleozoic rocks are extensively de- 
veloped, and it Is there that the materials were obtained 
for the establishment by Murchison of the Silurian and 
Devonian systems, which, with the Carboniferous and Per- 
mian, form the Paleozoic epoch. 
paleozodlogical, palaeozoological (pa'le-6-zd- 
o-loj'i-kal), a. [<paleo:oolng-y + -ic-<il.] Of or 
pertaining to paleozoSlogy ; relating to fossil 
animals, without regard to fossil plants. 
paleozoology, palaeozoolqgy (pa'le-flKzo-ol'o- 
ji), H. [= F. paleo:oologie, < Gr. ira/.ai6f, an- 
eient, + Cv* n ', *n animal, + -fay la, < 'ttyetv, 
speak: see -ology.] Geologic zoology; the de- 
partment of paleontology which treats of zo81- 
ogy, as distinguished from paleobotany; the 
study of fossil animals. It is the chief province 
of phylogeny. 
Palerinitan (pa-ler'mi-tan), a. and n. [< Pa- 
lermo (see def.) + -ite 2 + -an.] I. a. Of or 
