paneity 
paneityt (pa-ne'i-ti), n. [< 'L.panis, bread (see 
pain?), + -c-ity.] The state or condition of be- 
ing bread. 
Romish Bakers praise the Deity 
They chipp'd while yet in its Paneuy. 
Prior, To F. Shepherd. 
panel (pan'el), n. [Formerly also pannel ; < 
ME. panei,, panele, a piece of cloth, a sort of 
saddle, a list (of names), etc., = D. paneel = 
G. panele = Sw. Dan. panel, wainscot, < OP. 
panel, paneaw, paniau, penel, penneau, panneel, 
pannel, a panel, F. panneau = Sp. panda = Pg. 
panello = It. panncllo, < ML. pannellus, apanel, 
dim. of L. pannus, cloth, rag: see jxjiw 1 .] 1. 
A piece, especially a rectangular piece, as of 
cloth, parchment, or wood. Specifically (at) A 
piece of cloth put on a horse's back to serve as a sort of sad- 
dle, or placed under a saddle to prevent the horse's back 
from being galled ; also, a pad or pallet used as a saddle. 
Broght thai nother on his bak, 
Ne sadel ne panel. 
Cursor Mundi, 1. 14, 982. (Encyc. Diet.) 
They ride on bullocks with pannels, as we terme them, 
girts, and bridles. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 221. 
(!>) Formerly, the slip of parchment containing the names 
of those who were summoned to serve upon a jury; a 
Jury-list. See def. 3. 
Shal neither kynge ne knyjte, constable ne meire, 
Ouer-lede the comune, ne to the courte sompne, 
Ne put hem In panel, to don hem pligte here treuthe. 
Piers Plowman (B), iii. 315. 
He [the sheriff] returns the names of the jurors in upan- 
el (a little pane, or oblong piece of parchment) annexed to 
the writ. Blackstone, Com., III. xxiii. 
(c) In painting, a piece of wood, generally of oak, chest- 
nut, or white poplar, on which a picture is painted as on 
canvas ; also, a picture painted on such a piece of wood. 
The earliest paintings in oil were generally executed on 
panels, which were composed of various pieces of wood 
cemented together. 
He gave the Pannel to the Maid. 
Smiling and court'sying, " Sir," she said, 
"I shall not fail to tell my Master." 
Prior, Protogenes and Apelles. 
2. A surface or compartment of a surface more 
or less distinct from others: a term used more 
especially in architecture and the constructive 
arts. In particular (a) Any area slightly sunk below or 
raised above the general face of the surrounding work ; a 
Panels. Section of the south door of the Baptistery at Florence. 
(By Andrea Pisano.) 
compartment of a wainscot or ceiling, or of the surface 
of a wall, etc., sometimes inclosing sculptured ornament. 
This fellow will but join you together as they join wain- 
scot ; then one of you will prove a shrunk panel and, like 
green timber, warp, warp. 
Shak., As you Like it, iii. 3. 89. 
(6) In joinery, a tympanum or thin piece of wood, framed 
or received in a groove by two upright pieces or styles, 
and two transverse pieces or rails : as, the panels of doors 
window-shutters, etc. See cut under door, (c) In ma- 
tonry, one of the faces of a hewn stone. (d) In dress-mak- 
ing, an ornament of a skirtj consisting usually of a broad 
piece of stuff appliqncS, or of embroidery, or the like, mak- 
ing a definite stripe on each side different from the rest 
of the skirt, leaving part of the original material between, 
(e) In bookbinding, a part of the side depressed below the 
general surface, or the space on the back between two 
bands. (/) In coal-mining, a separate compartment or 
area of a coal-seam, divided from the adjacent ones by 
thick masses or ribs of coal, 40 50, or even 60 yards wide. 
Such panels may measure 300 feet or more on a side. 
3. In law: (a) The persons summoned to sit on 
a jury. (6) The jury selected for the trial of a 
cause. 
4258 
A judgment in its favour ends 
When all the pannel are its friends. 
Green, The Spleen. 
(c) In Scots law, the accused person in a crim- 
inal action from the time of his appearance. 
4f. The stomach of a hawk. 
Meates w<^ h endew sonest and maketh the hardest panell. 
A Perfect Booke/or Kcpinye o/SparhawkesorGoshawkes, p. 7. 
5. Milit., a carriage for the transportation of 
a mortar and its bed. 6. In sporting, a rail in 
a post-and-rail fence. 
In the Jar of the panel rebounding, 
In the crash of the splintering wood, 
In the ears to the earthshock resounding, 
In the eyes flashing fire and blood '. 
A. L. Gordon, Poems, p. 116. 
Bottom panel, one of the panels of the lowest tier in a 
paneled door. Flush panel. See fmhi. F-panel, in 
wainscoting, doors of furniture, and the like, a panel hav- 
ing the shape of the Greek letter r. Lying panel, (a) 
In arch., a panel so placed that the fibers of the wood lie 
in a horizontal position. (6) In carp., a panel whose longer 
dimension is horizontal. Panel game. See panel-game. 
Raised panel, in carp. , etc., a panel of which the face 
projects beyond the surrounding frame or plane. Stand- 
ing panel, in carp., a panel whose longer dimension is ver- 
tical. T-pauel, a panel having the general shape of the 
letter T. 
panel (pan'el), v. t. ; pret. and pp. paneled, pan- 
elled, ppr. paneling, panelling. [Formerly also 
pannel; < panel, n.] If. To place a panel or 
saddlecloth on ; saddle. 
He ... pannelled his squire's beast. 
Jarvis, tr. of Don Quixote, I. iii. S. (Dames.) 
2. To form with panels ; divide into or deco- 
rate with panels: as, to panel a wainscot; to 
panel a dress. 
Mr. Wall describes the church in full, its vast width, 
breadth, height from marble floor to panelled dome. 
W. M. Baker, New Timothy, p. 170. 
3 . To decorate with medallions or spaces of any 
shape framed and occupied by a design differ- 
ent from that of the rest of the ground. 4. In 
teleg., to arrange in parallels, as wires. 
panel-door (pan'el-dor), n. See door, 1. 
panel-furring (pan 'el-fer"ing), n. In a passen- 
ger-car, horizontal bars or strips of wood be- 
tween the posts. The exterior panels are fas- 
tened to the furring. 
panel-game (pan'el-gam), n. Theft or cheat- 
ing practised by the aid of a sliding panel (by 
means of which valuables may be abstracted 
from a room without the occupant's know- 
ledge) or any similar device, as in a panel- 
house. 
panel-house (pau'el-hous), . A house, espe- 
cially a house of ill fame, in which the panel- 
game is practised. 
paneling, panelling (pan'el-ing), n. [Verbal 
n. ot panel, .] 1. The making of panels, as in 
a door. 2. Panels collectively : as, the panel- 
ing of a ceiling. 
The very old wainscot which composed the floor and 
the panelling of the room was scrubbed with a degree of 
labour which the Scottish housewife rarely bestows on her 
most costly furniture. Scott, Redgauntlet, ch. v. 
3. The diversifying of a surface by means of 
panels. 
Panelling was used for the adornment of external walls 
from the earliest ages down at least to the destruction of 
Babylon. J. Fergusson, Hist. Arch., I. 162. 
panellationt (pan-e-la'shon), n. [Also pannel- 
lation; < ML. pannellatio(n-), < "pannellare, im- 
panel, < pannellus, panel : see panel.'] The act 
of impaneling a jury. 
They in the said panellation did put Eich. Wotton, . . . 
and other privileged persons, which were not wont ancient- 
ly to be impannelled. 
A. Wood, Annals of Univ. of Oxford, an.1516. 
panel-picture (pan'el-pik"tur), . A picture 
painted on a panel. See panel, n., 1 (c). 
panel-plane (pan'el-plan), n. In carp., a plane 
haying a handle (called a toat) and a long stock, 
which may be deeper than that of a jack-plane. 
panel-planer (pan'el-pla/ner), n. 1. A plan- 
ing-machine for dressing the surface of panels 
and feathering their edges to fit them to the 
grooves in the stiles. 2. A machine for rab- 
beting down the edges of panels, so as to leave 
the middle part raised ; a panel-raiser. 
panel-rail (pan'el-ral), n. In a passenger-car, 
a panel-furring strip extending from end to end 
of the car, and notched into the posts. 
panel-raiser (pan'el-ra"zer), n. A machine for 
forming a raised panel on a board by rabbeting 
away a part of the surface around the edges. 
Some forms cut a molding about the panel. 
panel-saw (pan'el-sa), n. A saw used for cut- 
ting very thin wood. Its blade is about 26 inch- 
es long, and it has about six teeth to the inch. 
pangenesis 
panel-Strip (pan'el-strip), . A narrow piece 
of wood or metal to cover a joint between two 
panels, or between a post and a panel, as on 
the outside of a railroad-car. 
panel-thief (pan'el-thef ), n. A thief who steals 
by the aid of a sliding panel, a secret door, or 
any similar device ; a robber in a panel-house. 
panel-truss (pan'el-trus), . A truss in which 
the timbers or bars are arranged in a regular 
succession of rectangles or panels diagonally 
braced. 
panel-wheel (paii'el-hwel), n. In glass-engrav- 
ing, a wheel which cuts a groove with a flat 
bottom and sides more or less sloped or curved. 
panel-working (pan'el-wer"king), n. In coal- 
mining, a method of working a coal-mine by 
which the colliery is divided into panels. See 
panel, n., 2 (/). 
panetert, Seepanter 9 . 
paneulogism (^pan-u'lo-jizm), w. [< Gr. Trdf 
(wav-), all, + ev/.oyia, eulogy: see eulogy.] Eu- 
logy of everybody and everything; indiscrimi- 
nate praise. [Rare.] 
With all its excellencies and they are many her book 
has a trace of the cant of paneulogism. National Rev. 
pan-fish (pan'fish), n. 1. A fish of the right 
size and quality for frying whole in a pan. 
This fish is a good pan-fish. 
Sportsman's Gazetteer, p. 323. 
2. A saucepan-fish or casserole-fish ; the king- 
crab, Limulus polyphemus. 
panful (pan'ful), n. [< pan 1 + -ful.] The 
quantity that a pan will hold, 
pang 1 (pang), n. [Early mod. E. also pangue (in 
imitation of Frenchified spellings like tongue, 
etc.) ; < ME. "pange (in derived verb pangen), an 
altered form of prange, pronge, pang, throe (by 
loss of r, due to confusion, perhaps, with pinch, 
pine%, V.poindre = AS.pyngan,(. L. pungere (see 
point), stab, etc., but paralleled by the similar 
case of speak, < AS. specan for sprecan): see 
prong. The W. pang, a pang, convulsion, 
may be from E.] A sudden paroxysm of pain ; 
a transitory or recurring attack of agony ; an 
acute painful spasm; a throe; hence, a sudden 
and bitter sentiment of sorrow, disappoint- 
ment, injury, etc. 
The poor beetle that we tread upon . 
In corporal sufferance finds a ;/"//-/ as great 
As when a giant dies. Shak., M. for M., iii. 1. 80. 
Haste, virgins, haste, for I lie weak and faint 
Beneath the pangs of love. Qtiarles, Emblems, v. 2. 
Through thy great farewell sorrow shot 
The sharp ]><ni'j of a bitter thought. 
Whittier, Naples. 
=Syn. Anguish, Tortvre, etc. (see agony), twinge, gripe, 
ache, suffering. 
pang 1 ! (pang), r. t. [< ME. pangen; < pang 1 , .] 
To cause to suffer a pang or pangs ; pain ; tor- 
ture. 
His chylde in the pestylence was in leopardy, 
And tare panged that he myght not meue hym. 
Joseph of Arimathie (E. E. T. S.), p. 47. 
I grieve myself 
To think, when thou shalt be disedged by her 
That now thou tirest on, how thy memory 
Will then be pang'd by me. 
Skak., Cymbeline, iii. 4. 98. 
pang 2 (pang), v. t. [Perhaps a var. of equiv. 
pamp, by some association with pang 1 .] To 
press ; cram, in any way ; cram with food. 
[Prov. Eng. and Scotch.] 
It [drink] kindles wit, it waukens lair, 
It pangs us fou o' knowledge. 
Burns, Holy Fair. 
pangaling (pang'ga-ling), n. Same as pango- 
lin, \. 
pangenesis (pan-jen'e-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. vac 
(TTOV-), all, + yeveaif, production.] A provision- 
al hypothesis advanced by Darwin to explain 
the phenomena of reproduction in organisms. 
It rests on the assumptions that the organic units (cells) 
of which an organism is composed differ from one an- 
other according to the function of the organ to which 
they belong ; that they undergo multiplication by bud- 
ding or proliferation, giving rise to minute gemmnles, 
which are diffused to a greater or less extent throughout 
every part of each organism ; that these gemmnles pos- 
sess the properties which the unit had when they were 
thrown off; and that when they are exposed to certain 
conditions they give rise to the same kind of cells from 
which they were derived. The name is also applied to 
the theory or doctrine that every organism has its origin 
in a simple cell called a pangenetic cell. 
I venture to advance the hypothesisof/^ifyfjiesw, which 
implies that every separate part of the whole organisation 
reproduces itself. So that ovules, spermatozoa, and pol- 
len-grains the fertilized egg or seed, as well as buds 
include and consist of a multitude of germs thrown off 
from each separate part or unit. 
Darwin, Var. of Animals and Plants, II. 350. 
