papal 
Papal cross. See nrowi. Papal crown, the triple 
crown. .See tiara. =Syn. Papal, Popish, 1'apixticdl. Pa- 
pal is the ordinary word fur that which belongs to or pro- 
ceeds from the Pope ; popish is used in some obloquy or 
contempt ; papistical in strong contempt or condemnation. 
papalint (pa'pal-in), . [< F. papalin, < It. pa- 
patino, soldier of the Pope, < papalc, papal: 
see papal."] A papist, lip. Lavinijton. 
The Persians ... are ... no less zealous and divided 
in their profession than we and thepopattu. 
Sir T. Herbert, Travels, p. 251. 
They |the Turks] may indeed still do mischief to the 
Muscovites, or persecute their own Christian subjects, but 
they can do no hurt to the papalins. 
Dp. Burnet, Hist. Own Time, an. 1697. 
papalise, *. See papulize. 
papalism (pa'pal-izm), . [< papal + -ism.] 
The papal system; papistry. 
papalist (pa'pal-ist), n. [< OF. papaliste; as 
papal + -ist.] A papist; a Koman Catholic. 
Baxter. 
Patriot 1'Escuyer . . . determines on going to Church, 
in company with a friend or two ; not to hear mass, which 
he values little, but to meet all the Papalists there in a 
body. Carlyle, French Rev., II. v. 8. 
papalityt (pa-pal' j-ti), n. [<OF.papaU(e,<."M.ii. 
papalita(t-)s, papal power, < papalis, papal : see 
papal.] Same aspapalty. 
papalize (pa/pal-Iz), v. ; pret. and pp. papalized, 
ppr. papa-Using. [< papal + -ize.~\ I, trans. 
To make papal ; imbue with papist doctrines or 
notions. 
He has been, to some extent, Christianized and papalized, 
and he has also been turned into a lanky, lean, unhappy- 
looking ride regiment. W. H. liuaell, Diary in India, 1. 82. 
II. intrans. To become a papist; conform to 
popery. Cowper. 
Also spelled papalise. 
papally (pa'pal-i), adv. In a papal manner; 
from a papal point of view; as a papist, 
papaltyt (pa'pal-ti), . [< OF. 'papalte, pa- 
paute, papalite, papality : see papalityt] The 
papacy ; the papal office or authority ; the 
Church of Rome. Also papality. 
Pope Clement was redy in his chambre of consystorie, 
syttyng in his chayre otpapalyte. 
Jienters, tr. of Froissart's Chron., II. clx. 
Withall to uphold the decrepid Papalty they [the Jesu- 
its] have invented this super-politick Aphorisme, as one 
termes it, One Pope and one King. 
Milton, Reformation in Eng., ii. 
papaphobia (pa-pa-fo'bi-ii), n. [NL., < ML. 
papa, pope (see p'opel), + Gr. -^o/3<a, < Qeflfc- 
tiat, fear.] Dread or hatred of the Pope or of 
popery. 
paparchy (pa'piir-ki), n. [< ML. papa, pope 
(see pope 1 ), + Gr. -apxia, < apxtiv, rule.] Gov- 
ernment by a pope. 
Without understanding the papacy (or paparchy, as 
Bishop Coxe insists upon calling it) one cannot understand 
the history and literature of Europe from the age of Char- 
lemagne. Christian Union, July 5, 1888. 
papas, pappas (pa'pas, pap'as), n. [< Gr. iraTrof , 
miTnraf : see papa 2 .] A parish priest of the 
Greek Church ; a papa. 
The censure of a poor country Papas outweighs, in 
present effect, that of a Western Bishop. 
J. M. Neale, Eastern Church, i. 11. 
The pappas is a prominent figure in the throngs of idlers, 
Srominent because of his long black gown, his tall steeple- 
' Scribner's Mag., IV. 370. 
papatet (pa'pat), n. [ME. papat; < OF. papat 
= S P- Pg- papado = It. papato, < ML. papatus, 
the office of pope, < papa, pope : see pope*. Cf . 
papacy.] The papacy. 
A cardinal was thilke tide, 
Which the papat longe hath desired. 
Oower, Coal. Arnant, I. 254 (Pauli's ed.). 
Papaver (pa-pa'ver), n. [NL. (Malpighi, 1675), 
< L. papaver, poppy: see poppy."] A genus 
of plants, type of the order Papaveracese and 
the tribe Eupapavereie, characterized by the 
dehiscence of the roundish capsule by pores 
under the lid-like summit; the poppy, it in- 
cludes about 26 species, mainly in temperate or subtropi- 
cal Asia, Africa, and Europe. They are hairy or glaucous 
herbs, with a milky juice, usually dissected leaves, buds 
nodding upon long stalks, and showy red, violet, yellow 
or white flowers, generally with two sepals, four petals, 
and many stamens. See poppy and opium, also cheesebowl, 
canker, 6 (a), headache, 2, and maw-seed. 
Papaveraceae (pa-pav-e-ra'se-e), n. pi. [NL. 
(A. L. de Jussieu, 1789), < Papaver + -acex."] 
The poppy family, an order of dicotyledonous 
polypetalous plants, of the cohort Parietales, 
distinguished by the two to three sepals, and 
minute embryo near the base of fleshy albumen. 
It includes about 80 species, in 24 genera, of which Papa- 
ver is the type, nearly all from north temperate or sub- 
tropical regions. They are usually smooth herbs (often 
with a colored juice), covered with a grayish bloom or 
with long hairs. They bear alternate, generally lobed 
4266 
leaves, and conspicuous (lowers, solitary upon long stalks, 
with sepals which fall olf at opening. By some authors 
this order is made to include the Fumariaceee as a sub- 
order. 
papaveraceous (pa-pav-e-ra'shius), a. [< NL. 
jxipareracens, < IM papaver, poppy.] Pertain- 
ing to the Papareraceee or to the poppy. 
Papavereae (pap-a-ve're-e), n. pi. [NL. (Ben- 
tham and Hooker, 1862), < Papaver + -eee.] A. 
group of plants coextensive with the Papave- 
racese as denned above, used as a suborder by 
those authors who include the f'umariacese (sub- 
order Fumarieee) in the order Papaveraceee. 
papaverine (pa-pav'e-rin), n. [= F. papave- 
rine; as L. papaver, poppy, + -me 2 .] An alka- 
loid (C 2 iH 2 iNO4) contained in opium. 
papaverous (pa-pav'e-rus), a. [< L. papaver, 
poppy, + -ous.] Having the properties of, or 
characteristic of, the poppy; papaveraceous. 
Mandrakes afford a papaverous and unpleasant odour, 
whether in the leaf or apple. 
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., vii. 7. 
papaw (pa-pa'), n. [< Sp. Pg. (> NL.) papaya, 
a name of Malabar origin.] 1. The tree Carica 
Papaya, or its fruit. The papaw is native in South 
America, but now widely diffused throughout the tropics. 
Its height is about 20 feet, and its deeply seven-lobed 
leaves are 2 feet in diameter and borne on footstalks 2 
feet long. The fruit is 10 inches long, commonly of an 
oblong form, ribbed, and having a thick fleshy rind. It 
is sometimes eaten raw or made into a sauce, or when 
green is boiled as a vegetable and is also pickled. The 
trunk, leaves, and fruit contain an acrid milky juice (see 
papain), which has the property of making quickly ten- 
der meat which is boiled with a little of it or wrapped in 
the leaves, or, as it is claimed, merely hung up among 
the leaves. The seeds are an efficacious vermifuge. The 
leaves are saponaceous. Also called melon-tree. 
2. The tree Asimina triloba, or its fruit, native 
in the United States. It is a small tree with lurid 
flowers appearing with the leaves, which, when grown, 
are obovate-lanceolate, thin, and rather large. The smooth 
oblong fruit is 3 or 4 inches long, filled with a sweet pulp 
in which are embedded the bean-like seeds. 
3. A bushwhacker : with reference to the sub- 
sistence or possible subsistence of bushwhack- 
ers on the fruit of the papaw. [Missouri.] 
Also written pawpaw. 
papaw-tree (pa-pa'tre), . See papaw. 
Papaya (pa-pa'ya), n. [NL. (A. L. de Jussieu, 
1789), < papaiamdram, the native name in Mala- 
bar.] 1 . A former genus of trees, the papaws, 
of the order Passifloraeete, now included in Ca- 
rica. See Carica a,uA papaw. 2. [i.e.] A tree 
of this genus. 
The slim papaya ripens 
Its yellow fruit for thee. 
Bryant, Hunter's Serenade. 
Papayacese (pap-a-ya'se-e), n. pi. [NL. (Lind- 
ley, 1833), < Papaya + -aceae."] A tribe of 
trees, the papaw family, of the order Passiflo- 
raceee, characterized by the minute calyx, tu- 
bular staminate corolla, and pistillate of five 
erect separate petals. It includes the genera Carica 
and Jacaratia, of tropical and subtropical America, re- 
markable for their milky juice, white, yellow, or greenish 
flowers, and pulpy edible berries. 
papayotin (pap-a-yo'tin), n. [< Papaya + -ot- 
+ - 2 .] Same as papain. 
pap-boat (pap'bot), n. 1. An open vessel used 
for holding pap for children. 
A pair of bellows, a pair of pattens, a toasting-fork, a 
kettle, a pap-boat, a spoon for the administration of medi- 
cine to the refractory, and lastly Mrs. Gamp's umbrella. 
Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, xlix. 
2. A shell of the family Turbinelttdee ; a false 
volute, as Turbinella rapha. 
papeH (pap), . [ME.: see pope!.] A spiritual 
father; a priest; specifically, the Pope. 
The prayer of the pape so incensed the Scot that he 
vowed revenge, and watched the pape with a good cudgel, 
next day, as he crossed the churchyard, where he beat him. 
W. Carr, Traveller's Guide, p. 190. 
pape 2 (pap), . [Creole P., lit. 'pope'; cf. E. 
pope, a bullfinch.] An American finch of the 
genus Cyanospiza or Passerina, C. or P. ciris. 
Also called nonpareil and incomparable. See 
cut at painted finch, under pain ted. 
papechien (pap-shian'), n. The lapwing: same 
as pea-chicken. 
. 
<pappa, pap: see pap' 2 .] A dissembler ; a flat- 
terer ; a hypocrite. 
That papelard, that hym yeldith so, ... 
He is the hounde, shame is to seyn, 
That to his casting goth agayn. 
Rom. of the Kose, \. 7281. 
papelardiet, n. [ME., < OF. (and F.) pa.fi- 
lardie, hypocrisy, < papelard, a hypocrite: see 
papelard.] Hypocrisy. 
paper 
I ... have wel lever . . . 
Wrie me in my foxerie, 
Under a cope of papelardie. 
Ham. of the Rose, 1. 6796. 
papelinet (pap'e-lin), n. [F. : see poplin."] A 
rich material made in the seventeenth century 
of silk, and sometimes at least with gold or sil- 
ver thread. The manufacture of papeline is said to have 
been brought from France to Ireland in the eighteenth 
century, and to have led to the manufacture of poplin. 
papelonne (pap-e-lo-na'), a. [F., < papitlon, a 
butterfly: see panlion."] In lier., covered with 
an imbricated pattern: said of the field or a 
bearing. 
papelotet, . [ME. ; appar. connected with OF. 
papin, pap: seepap 2 .] A porridge. 
In mylk and in rnele to make with papelotes, 
To a-glotye with here gurles that greden after fode. 
Piers Plowman (C), x. 75. 
paper (pa'per), n. and a. [< ME. paper, papir, 
paupire = D. papier = MLG. pappir, papir = 
late MHG. G. papier = Icel. pappir = Sw. pap- 
per = Dan. papir, < OF. papier, F. papier = Sp. 
Pg. papel, < L. papyrus, also papyrum (ML. also 
papirus), paper made of papyrus, also a gar- 
ment made from papyrus, prop, the plant pa- 
pyrus, < Gr. navv/mf (iraTtvpoc, sometimes vairv- 
/jof), the plant papyrus, a kind of rush (see 
papyrus), also anything made of it, as linen, 
cord, etc. The Gr. word for 'paper' was 
Xaprifi, L. charta: see cnart, charter, cardl.] I. 
w. 1. A material consisting of a compacted 
web or felting of vegetable fibers, commonly 
in the form of a thin, flexible sheet : used in 
writing, for printing, and for various other pur- 
poses. The fibers most used for writing-papers are 
those of linen and cotton rags, and for printing-papers 
those of straw, wood, paper-cuttings or paper-waste, and 
selected grasses. These fibers are prepared by grinding, 
bleaching, beating, and boiling until they are reduced 
to a fluid pulp, in which state they readily mat or felt 
together when freed from the water in which they are 
suspended. More than 400 varieties of fibers usable for 
this purpose are known ; all have curling filaments that 
readily interlace with one another. Paper was formerly 
made wholly by hand, pulp from the vat being dipped 
up in a mold, from which the water drains away, leaving 
a felted sheet, which is then pressed and dried. Some fine 
grades of writing-, printing-, and drawing-papers are still 
made in this way, but the larger part of the paper, for what- 
ever purpose used, is now made by machinery. For some 
purposes, as newspaper-printing, the sheet is made in 
continuous webs of very great length, and is printed from 
the uncut roll. Paper is made in a great variety of quali- 
ties, ranging from heavy drawing-board to the lightest tis- 
sue-paper, and in every color and shade. It is cut for the 
trade by accurate machines In a number of sizes, the sheets 
varying somewhat according to fashion or special require- 
ments. (See list of sizes given below.) Paper is also mold- 
ed from the pulp into cartridge-cases, embossed sheets for 
wall-decoration, pails, boxes, and other vessels, boats, bar- 
rels, car-wheels, domes for observatories, bricks, building 
materials, etc., in all of which lightness is combined with 
strength. From the sheet it is transformed by various pro- 
cesses and operations into roofing material, carpets, bags, 
etc. The principal varieties of ordinary paper are writ- 
ing- and printing-papers, coarse papers for wrapping and 
other purposes, and blotting- and filtering-papers ; while 
some useful kinds are the result of manipulations subse- 
quent to the paper-maker's work, as lithographic paper, 
copying-paper, tracing-paper, etc. The ordinary counts of 
paper are thequireof twenty-four sheets, the ream of twen- 
ty quires (of which two are inferior to the other eighteen), 
and the bundle of two reams. 
2. A piece, leaf, or sheet of this material. 
'Tis as impossible to draw regular characters on a trem- 
bling mind as on a shaking paper. Locke. 
I would see 'em all hang'd before I would e'er more set 
pen to papyr. VUliers, Rehearsal, i. 
3. Any written or printed document or instru- 
ment, as a note, receipt, bill, invoice, bond, 
memorial, deed, etc.; specifically, in the plural, 
letters, notes, memoranda, etc. : as, the private 
papers of Washington. 
loyous and glad be, 
Now full merily demene you amonge, 
For of his paupires strike oute plain be ye ! 
Here hym haue I slain and put to dethe stronge. 
Rom. ofPartenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 4735. 
They brought a paper to me to be signed. 
Dryden, Spanish Friar, iii. 3. 
Having yesterday morning received a paper of Latin 
verses . . . composed by a youth under age, I read them 
with much delight* as an instance of his improvement. 
Steele, Taller, No. 207. 
4. A printed sheet of news; a newspaper; a 
journal. 
To you all readers tnrn, and they can look 
Pleased in a paper, who abhor a book. 
Crabbe, The Newspaper. 
The way to prevent these irregular interpositions of the 
people is to give them full information of their affairs 
through the channel of the public papers, and to contrive 
that those paper* should penetrate the whole mass of the 
people. Jefferson, Correspondence, II. 85. 
5. An essay or article ; a dissertation on a 
special topic. 
