paper 
Thru wa* fill*- |sut.j< -rt | In- -lllnt; to Inllrll. and tliMl 
r available f-.i :i 
t'amtrr, Dlckena, Ivi. 
of fl cqllently as ill a sjn eial dealer available f-.i :i 
uf imixr in Ms periodical. ' 
6. Net;ot hilili' rviilenres of inili'liti'iliii'ss, such 
us promissory miles, bills of exchange, dr.: 
used collectively: as, commercial /<yr; nego- 
tiable IKI/H-I-. 
I. iliiin it is that ;i Stale, as hue.; as It eannnt In- made 
hy liiw In pay 1U debt)*, should have MM privilege uf issn 
ing;i/rof any kind. N. A. AVr, < \\.\l N ., , 
7. The written or printed questions, collec- 
tively, set for an examination. 8. llnn^'in^s 
of ]>aper, printed, Htainped, or plain; paper for 
covering I lie walls of interiors. See ]>a]>er- 
luiHi/iiifin and iriill-jiiiinr. 9. Free pauses of 
admission to a place of entertainment; also, the 
persons admitted by sucdi passes: as, the house 
w:is filled with IIII/H r. [Slang.]- Accommodation 
Paper. See ncC'iifiiinxltttiiin Intl. llhilrr oi'i-'iui n>"<l<iti"ii. 
Albuminized paper, albumin paper, paper coated 
with albumin, practically always in the form of white of 
i-k'u', as a vehicle for silver prints ill ordinary photographic 
pr<>eesne.s. I'rints upon it have a glossy surface. Ar- 
rowroot paper, in photoa., a so-called plain or 111-11- 
gliisxy paper for positive prints, coated with a weak solu- 
tion in water of arrowroot, with sodium chlorid and a 
trace of citric acid. It gives good effects for large por- 
ti.iit-i and landscapes. Bank-note paper. See bank- 
tuitf. Blue-process paper. Same as blur-paper. - Bris- 
tol paper, a stout paper of very even texture and smooth 
sin tare, used for drawing : named from the place of its ori- 
ginal niamitaetnre. Also called Brixtttl-buard. Brown 
paper, a general name for wrapping-paper of a brown 
eol.ii'atid uf nil qualities and material!*. Business paper, 
rMiiiinri < i.il paper, -HI li as notes, bills of exchange, etc. 
Calendered paper, paper made smooth by the pressure 
of calendering riillers. Carbolic-acid or carbollzed 
paper. See carlnlic.- Carbon paper. Seecarkim-paprr. 
Chinese paper, (a) Same as rice-paper. (&) A very 
thin, soft paper, of a faint yellowish or brownish tint, pre- 
parcd from the bark of the bainlx>o. It is much used for 
fine impressions from wood-engravings, and occasionally 
for proofs from steel-plate engravings, etc. Cobb paper, 
in luKiMinliwi. a mottled paper in which brown Is the 
trailing tint: largely used by English binders for the lln- 
ings or end papers of books in half-calf bindings. Cold- 
pressed paper, paper that has been pressed only on the 
fella, leaving it of a rough surface. Commercial paper. 
See commercial. Commodity of brown papert. See 
commodity. Cotton Paper, paper prepared from cotton- 
liber. 
Cotton paper (charta bombycina), a form of paper said to 
havo been known to the Chinese at a remote period, and 
to have passed into use among the Arabs early in the 8th 
century. It was Imported into Constantinople, and was 
used for Greek MSS. in the 13th century. In Italy and 
the West it never made much way. 
kncyc. Brit, XVIII. 144. 
Cram-paper. See cram. Cream-laid paper, a smooth 
paper of ivory or cream-like color, much used for note- 
paper and envelops. Cross-rule paper, paper ruled off 
in squares to facilitate the drawing on it of designs for 
weaving, worsted-work, etc., or to aid in making any draw- 
ing in the proper proportions, or In drawing a plan, etc., 
t scale. Crystalline paper, paper thinly coated by 
means of a brush with a concentrated solution of salt with 
dextrine, or with certain more complicated preparations. 
Cylinder paper, paper in which the fibers are drawn 
in one direction and are not fully Interlaced. Distinc- 
tive paper, a kind of protective paper ; a silk-threaded 
fiber paper of high quality, such as that used by the United 
States government for the printing of notes, certificates, 
bonds, and other obligations, etc. Enameled paper, a 
surfaced paper that has been highly polished. Ferro- 
prusslate paper, paper that has been rendered sensitive 
to tlu< action of light by floating it on or coating it with a 
solution in water of red prussiate of potash and peroxid of 
Iron. When exposed to light under a photographic nega- 
tive, a drawing, etc., those parts of the sheet to which the 
light has access through the transparent part of the nega- 
tive or drawing are more or less affected according to the 
length of the exposure and the variation in transparency of 
the originals. When the printing has proceeded as far as 
is desired, the sheet is washed in clear water, and those 
parts which have been protected from the light become 
white, while the parts which the light has affected assume 
a more or less deep tint of blue, which is permanent when 
the sheet is dried. Also called blue-paper. Fiber-faced 
paper, a kind of paper used for bank-notes, checks, etc.. 
in which shreds and scraps of silk or other fiber are mixed 
with the pulp of the paper to alford a protection against 
forgery. Compare distinctive paper. Filter paper or 
filtering-paper. See filter-paper and filtering. Flat 
paper, paprr unfolded and ready for use in printing. 
Fossil paper. See fossil and asbestos. - Fourdrlnler 
paper, paper made in the Knurdrinier machine, in 
whirh at one end the thud pulp Hows in on felts, and at 
tlir other end the paper is delivered dry in the fonn of an 
endless roll. Gaine'S paper. Same as parchment ptt per. 
Gunpowder paper. See gunpmrder. Hand-made 
paper. see def. i. Hard plate-paper, sized paper bav- 
in-.: a hard sin fact' u h it'll dors ni it readily take ink or color. 
- Height to paper, in titi^-j'i'timlin>i. tin- extreme length 
of a type from its face to Its foot. In Great Britain and the 
('tilted States the standard height is eleven twelfths of an 
inch. Kreneh and (iennan types arehigher. Hot-pressed 
paper, paper polished by pressure bet ween heated plates. 
Imperfect paper, sheets of inferior quality, usually the 
two outside quirt's of a ream, which are wrinkled, torn, or 
specked. India paper. See India. Ingres paper. 
1 K. I'li/ii' r Jiiyre*; named from the noted painter J. \. IV 
/fi'/r^v (died 1867).) A laid paper, showing water-mark, 
I sMiuev^hat t-oiieh surface, and tinted gray, drab, or the 
like, especially prepared for drawing with crayons. In 
papert, in 0M A.V/. Iti/r. not yet enrolled on parchment 
or i-ee.n-ded in a tinal judgment Iridescent paper, pa 
per ashed with a solution .if nutgalls, iron, ana indigo 
4207 
sulphates, sal ammoniac, and gum arable in water, and 
exposed to the fume* of ammonia. Japanese paper, 
paper made from the bark of the paper-mulberry (flruuau- 
nttia papyri/era), soft, silky, transparent, and with a satin- 
like surface. There are various qualities, of which the 
white Is the best and thickest. It Is used for expensive 
[niniini.', pioofs of plate-engravings, etc. Laid paper. 
1,11:1 Legal-tender paper, papt r money ,i,.i:u.d 
by law to lie a 1< gal tender. Linen paper, paper made 
from linen or nax-nber : "lin?n paper was first made in the 
Hth century" (Kiicyc. llrit.. XVIII. -.'IS). - Lithographic 
paper, nvvlithiyrapliif. Litmus-paper. Secftriw**. 
Loft-dried paper, paper in which the sizing Is dried by 
atiuo,phi t i> e\ :i[."i aiion. Low to paper, in i 
J"'-. Luminous paper, paper of which the pnlplscom- 
pounded v, it 1 1 gelatin and a phosphorescent powder. Ma- 
chine-Sized Paper, paper made hy dipping the web In a 
bath of dissolved rosin and alum. Manila paper, paper 
made from manlla-nber. It is usually of dull-mill color, 
and Is of marked toughness. Marbled paper, paper 
stained with colors In conventional imitation of variegated 
marbles. It is used chlrtly for the linings and cover* of 
books. See inarbliity. Metallic paper. See metallic. 
M Paper, paper which has only trivial Imperfection*. 
Mulberry paper, a kind of paper prepared In China from 
the inner haik of the papei-mnltieny. Negotiable pa- 
per. See n'->jtialiU. Nepal paper, a strong unsized pa- 
per, made in Nepal from the pulverized bark of the Daphne 
cannabina.- News paper, a low grade of white printing- 
paper. N paper, paper of the second sorting, and inferior 
to M paper. Oiled paper. See nil. On paper, in writ- 
Ing ; set down "In black and white." Paper-burnishing 
machine, a machine for putting a polish on paper, by 
means of a burnishing-stone, by heavy glazed: roll -, or 
by any other method.- Paper-clipping machine, a 
machine for trimming the edges of books or of paper in 
piles, usually a guillotine-knife driven by a considerable 
power, and connected with a gage. Paper -coloring 
machine, a set of color-rollers, automatically supplied 
with pigment, which give a coat of color to sheets of paper 
fed between them by means of feed-rollers. Paper-glaz- 
ing roller, a roller glazing- or bunilshing-machlne for pro- 
ducing a glossy surface on paper. Paper-molding ma- 
chine, a machine for molding paper-pulp to any required 
form. Paper process of stereotyping, a process of 
making plate* for newspaper-printing. A mold of the 
type form Is made by beating with a brush prepared paper- 
pulp on the face of the type : this mold, when dry, Is filled 
with type-metal. Workshop Receipts, 4th ser., Stereotyp- 
ing. Parchment paper, an imitation of parchment, pre- 
pared from ordinary unsized paper by Immersing It for a 
few seconds in a solution of two parts of sulphuric acid or 
oil of vitriol In one part of water, at a temperature of 80* K. , 
then washing it In cold water, and removing any remain- 
ing traces of the acid by dipping It In a weak solution of 
ammonia. It resembles parchment In appearance, and is 
tough, translucent, glossy, and almost impermeable to wa- 
ter. Also called papyrine and Gaine's paper. Photo- 
graphic paper, any paper used for the purposes of pho- 
tography; especially, the paper, whether albuminized, 
salted, variously sensitized, coated with emulsion, etc., 
used for making positive prints from negatives. Pitched 
paper. Same as tarred paper. Pizzixhelli paper, a 
sensitized platinum paper prepared commercially for pho- 
tographic use. It gives a mat surface and clear gray 
tones, which are pleasing for many subjects. Plain pa- 
per, (a) Paper tnat is unruled. (6) In photog.,&ny paper 
that has not a glossy surface, such as that of albuminized 
paper. Plate-paper, the highest grade of book-paper. 
Polygraphic paper, a paper specially prepared: to re- 
ceive writing or printing in an aniline ink, and to trans- 
fer this readily, under pressure, to another similar sheet 
dampened. The second sheet is then used as a matrix 
from which a number of impressions of the original writ- 
Ing can be struck off In a press. Post paper, a style of 
paper which came Into use toward the end of the seven- 
teenth century, especially for letter-writing. 
Post paper seems to have derived its name from the post- 
horu which at one time was its distinguishing mark. 
I'r.. Diet., III. -I'M. 
Printing-paper, a quality of paper made for printing, 
usually of softer stock and surface than writing-paper, 
and not so hard-sized. The lowest grade is newt, the 
highest If plate. Rag paper, paper made from the pulp 
of rag*. 
The first mention of ray paper occurs In the tract of 
Peter, abbot of Cluny (1122 - 60 A. D.), adversus Judnos, cap. 
ft, where, among the various kinds of books, he refer* to 
such a* are written on material made "ex raaurts veterum 
Innnorum." At this early period woollen cloth Is proba- 
ly Intended. Encyc. Brit., XVIII. 218. 
p 
bl 
Roofing-paper, a coarse, stout paper variously prepared, 
used to cover roofs. It Is usually securely and smoothly 
nailed down, and then thickly coated with tar or paint. 
Ruled paper, writing-paper ruled mechanically with 
lines, for convenience in writing, keeping accounts, etc. 
Safety-paper, a paper which has been so prepared 
chemically, or so coated with a chemical pigment, that writ- 
ing on it in ink cannot be effaced or cannot be erased 
without leaving indelible marks on the paper. Such pa- 
per is often used for bank-check*, etc., to guard against 
fraud. Sensitized paper, paper that has been cheml 
cally treated so that the color of its surface may be altered 
by the action of light, used In the various processes of 
photographic printing. The name Is most commonly 
given to paper that lias been floated on a bath of nitrate 
of silver, or coated with an emulsion of silver nitrate or 
chlorid ; but it is equally applicable to ferroprusslate 
or blue paper*, to bromide papers, to the sensitized pig- 
ment-papers used in the carbon process, to platinum pa- 
pers, or to any others of like character. Silk paper. 
Same as tissue-paper. Silver paper. Same as titnte- 
IKiper. Sized paper, paper which has received a thin 
surface of glutinous matter to give it greater strength 
and proper writing-surface. Sizes Of paper, certain 
standard dimensions of paper, the sheet* Iwing commer- 
cially cut to those sizes. Printing-, writing-, and draw- 
Ing papers of the same names are of different sizes in 
Dreat Britain and the I'nited states. The sizes most 
used have names and measurements, in Inches, as speci- 
fied in the following table, but names the same as heir 
paper 
given are sometimes applied to sices which are larger or 
smaller. 
kivlitJ.. United SUM. 
Antiquarian writing XI X U 
Atlas drawing 26 X 84 
Atlas small drawing 26 X 81 
Atlas writing 28 X88 
rheek folio writing T 17 -'I 
I olmnhicr drawing 24 X 841 
I'.iliinihler writing 24 X 84) IS X 88) 
Copy, or bastard writing ID X SO 
Crown drawing 16 x 20 
Crown writing IS X 19 
Demy drawing 17 -22 
Demy printing 17) X 2S 
Ik-niy short drawing 14 X 2OJ 
Demy writing 16 X 20 18 X O 
Double atlas drawing SI) X 66 
Double cap writing 17 -at 
Double crown printing 20 X 80 
Double demy printing.. 22) X 86.. 2 X W) 
Double elephant writing 20) X 40 2 X 40 
Double medium printing 24 X 88 
Double pot printing 17 X 2&J 
Double royal printing 20 x 40 
Double super royal printing 20 X 48 
lileplmiit writing 28 X 28 224, X 27} 
i:mperor writing 4S x 72 
Extra large post writing 10) X 21 
Extra size folio writing 18 X 28 
Flat cap writing 14 X 17 
Folio post writing 17 X 22 
Foolscap drawing 131 X 10} 
Foolscap writing 181 X 17 12J X 1 
lirand eagle e) X 40 
Imperial drawing 22 X SO 
Imperial printing 22 X SO 22 X 82 
Imperial writing 22 X SO 21 X SO 
Medium and half printing 24 X 80 
Medium printing 19 X 24 19 X 24 
Medium writing 171x22 18 X SS 
Pot writing 121 X IIS 
Royal drawing 19} X 24 
Koyal long drawing 18 X 27) 
Royal printing 20 X 25 20 X 26 
Koyal writing 19 X 24 19 X 24 
Small cap writing 18 X 18 
Small double medium printing 24 -86 
Small post writing ISi X 161 
Super royal drawing 19J X 27} 
Super royal printing 22 X28 
Super royal writing 101x271 20 X 28 
Thick and thin post writing l&J X 19} 
Soft plate-paper, paper which Is thick, unsized, and 
easily receptive of Impression. Special paper, a list 
kept In court for putting down demurrers, etc., to be 
argued. State paper, a paper relating to the political 
Interests or government of a state. Surfaced paper, 
paper having an added film of whiting, which fills mi- 
nute pits, and adapts it for the printing of woodcut*. 
Surface paper, paper covered with a thin coat of clay 
or other substance with Intent to give a smoother sur- 
face. Tarred paper, a coarse, thick paper soaked with 
a tar product, used for covering roofs, lining walls, etc., 
with the object of securing warmth and drynes*. Test- 
Paper, litmus* or turmeric-paper, used as a test for alka- 
linity or acidity. Tissue-paper, a very thin paper of fine 
and soft texture, used for wrapping valuable or delicate 
articles, for polishing fine surfaces, for protecting engrav- 
ings in books, etc.; silk paper; silver paper. Touch and 
trade papers. In the I'nited States, a permit issued by the 
collector of a port, under section 4364 of the I'nited States 
Revised Statutes, to a vessel licensed for carrying on fish- 
ing, authorizing it to "touch and trade" at any foreign 
port during the voyage. Tracing-paper, paper o pre- 
pared as to be transparent, and of such texture that it 
will receive marks either in pencil or with pen and Ink. 
used for copying a design, etc. , by laying It over the origi- 
nal and following the lines carefully with a pencil or pen. 
Transfer-paper, paper coated thickly with an adhe- 
sive pigment, as lampblack, vermilion, Indigo, etc., used 
for transferring a deilgn mechanically to an object on 
which it is to be copied. A sheet of transfer-paper ls laid 
upon the object ; on this Is laid the design executed on 
paper or other thin and yielding material, and the lines 
of the design are then passed over with a hard point, which 
causes the pigment of the transfer-paper to adhere, along 
the lines passed over, to the object under treatment. 
Tub-sized paper, paper made by dipping each sheet In 
a tub that contains prepared animal sizing. Turmeric- 
paper, paper dipped Into a hot Infusion of turmeric, strong 
enough to give the paper a pronounced yellow color, and 
dried: used as a test of alkalinity or acidity. Vellum pa- 
per, a heavy, uniform paper, showing no grain, and having 
a very smooth and fine surface. It Is used for some of the 
finest printing. Waxed paper, paper on which beeswax 
has been rubbed and melted oy means of a hot Iron : use- 
ful from Its impermeability to water. Whatman paper, 
an excellent brand of F.ngllsh papers, made In different 
qualities, with fine or coarse grain. It Is used by drafts- 
and aquarellists, printer* of engravings, photogra- 
phers, etc. Wove paper, paper laid on flannels or felts 
and showing no marks of wires. Wrapping-paper, a 
more or less coarse paper used for wrapping, varying in 
color usually from pale-buff to brown, made from un- 
bleached manlla or old rope. (See also blotting-paper, 
bond-paper, tomb-paper, copying-paper, end-paper, (iiung- 
paper, man\.Md-pa.per, rice-paper.) 
U.. a. 1. Made of paper; consisting of paper, 
in any sense : as, a paper box; pajtrr currency. 
I have been told that In China the flying of paper kites 
is a very ancient pastime, and practised much more gener- 
ally by the children there than it Is In England. 
Strvtt, SporU and Pastime*, p. 497. 
There is but a thin paper wall between great discoveries 
and a perfect ignorance of them. Bvrnet, 
2. Appearing merely in certain written or 
printed statements, and not existing in reality 
or in tangible form : as, a paper army. 
