parade-ground 
parade-ground (pa-rad'ground), n. A level 
space used for the assembly and array of troops, 
as well as for exercises in drilling, marching, 
etc : same as parade, 4. 
paradenitis (pa-rad-e-ni'tis), . [NL., < Gr. 
impa, beside, + aii/r, gland, + -it is. Cf. ade- 
nitis] In pathol., inflammation of areolar tis- 
sue around lymphatic glands. 
parader (pa-ra'der), n. One who parades; one 
who makes ostentatious display of accomplish- 
ments, powers, possessions, cleverness, etc. 
parade-rest (pa-rad'rest), w. In milit. tactics, 
a position of rest in which the soldier stands 
silent and motionless, but which is less fatigu- 
ing than the position of ' ' attention " : it is much 
used during parades; also, the command given 
to assume this position. 
Not a man moved from the military posture of parade- 
rest. The Century, XXXVII. 465. 
parade-wall (pa-rad'wal), n. In fort., a wall 
which rises from the level of the parade to the 
interior line of the terreplein, replacing the 
rampart -slope in cases where the latter would 
occupy too much space within the defenses. 
paradidymal (par-a-did'i-mal), a. [< paradi- 
dym(is) + -al] Lying alongside the testicle, 
close to the epididymis ; pertaining to the para- 
didymis, or organ of Giraldes. 
paradidymis (par-a-did'i-mis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
irapa, beside, + Si&vfiw;, testicle, lit. 'twin': see 
didymous] Same as parepididym is. 
paradigm (par'a-dim), . [< F. paradigme = 
Sp. Pg. paradigma,<. LL. paradigma,<. Gr. xapa- 
fcry/ui, a pattern, example, paradigm, < irapa- 
SeiKviivai, exhibit beside, < irapd, beside, + &IK- 
vvvai, show.] 1. An example; a model. 
Those ideas in the divine understanding, being look'd 
upon by these philosophers as the paradigms and patterns 
of all things. Cudworth, Intellectual System, p. 388. 
2. In gram., an example of a word, as a noun, 
adjective, or verb, in its various inflections. 
3. In rhet., an example or illustration, of which 
parable and fable are species: a general term, 
used by Greek writers. 
The rise, splendor, and final decline of her imaginative 
literature constitute the fullest paradigm of a nation's 
literary existence and of the supporting laws. 
Stedman, Viet. Poets, p. 238. 
paradigmatic (par"a-dig-mat'ik), a. and n. [= 
Pg. paradigmatico, < Gr. irapadcty/iaTiKoc, serv- 
ing as an example, ^ Trapdder/fia, an example : see 
paradigm.] I. a. Exemplary; model. 
The Timteus seems at first to fit very nicely into the doc- 
trine of the paradigmatic idea. 
Amer. Jour. Philol., IX. 294. 
II. t n. In theol., one who narrated the lives of 
religious persons to serve as examples of Chris- 
tian holiness. 
paradigmatical (par'a-dig-mat'i-kal), [< 
paradigmatic + -al] "Same as paradigmatic. 
Those virtues that put away quite and extinguish the 
first motions are paradigmaticoH. 
Dr. H. More, Psychozoia, iii. 59, note. 
paradigmatically (par"a-dig-mat'i-kal-i), adv. 
In the form of or by way of an example, 
paradigmatize (par-a-dig'ma-tiz), . t. ; pret. 
and pp. paradigmatized, ppr'.' paradigmatizing. 
[< Gr. Kapadeiy/iaTl&iv, make an example, < va/id- 
Seiyna, an example: see paradigm] Tosetforth 
as a model or example. [Bare.] 
When these controversies now depending are at end, 
there is no one question concerning any line in those 
books so paradiymatized by you . . . but you or any man 
shall for the least asking have the full sense of. 
Hammond, Works, I. 197. 
paradisaic (par'a-di-sa'ik), a. [< paradise + 
-a-ic. Cf. paradisiac.] Pertaining to paradise, 
or to a place of felicity ; like paradise ; para- 
disiac. 
A world paradisaic, happy, harmless. 
E. B. Tylor, Prim. Culture, n. 297. 
paradisaical (par"a-di-sa'i-kal), a. [< para- 
disaic + -al] Same as paradisaic. 
The paradisaical pleasures of the Mahometans consist 
in playing upon the flute and lying with Houris. 
Bray, Letters, xliv., To Mr. West. 
paradisal (par'a-dl-sal), a. [< paradise + -al.] 
Same as paradisaic. [Rare.] 
At length within this book I found portrayed 
Newborn that Paradisal Love of his 
D. Q. Jtossetti, On the "Vita Nuova " of Dante. 
paradise (par'a-dls), . [< ME. paradys, para- 
dyce, also parais, < OF. paradis, vernacularly 
parais, pare'is, F. paradis = Pr. paradis = Sp. 
paraiso = Pg. paraiso = It. paradiso = OS. para- 
dis = D. paradijs = MLG. paradis = OHG. para- 
dys, parodist, pardisi, MHG. paradise, pardise, 
paradis, baradis, pardis, G. paradeis, parodies 
4274 
= Icel. paradis = Sw. Dan. paradis, < LL. para- 
disus, a park, orchard, the garden of Eden, the 
abode of the blessed, < Gr. napddeiaof, a park, 
deer-park, used as an Eastern term in Xenophon 
and others for the parks of the Persian kings 
and nobles, in the Septuagint for the garden of 
Eden, in the N. T. for the abode of the blessed; 
= Heb. pardes _= Armen. pardcz, a garden, < 
OPers. 2>airidaesa, an inclosure, Pers. Ar. fir- 
dans, a garden, paradise. The AS. name for 
paradise was neorxna wang, neorxna wong, Goth. 
waggs. The lit. sense (def. 1) is later in E. Cf. 
parvis.] If. A park or pleasure-ground con- 
nected with the residence of an Oriental prince ; 
a garden. 
The garden is rather a park or paradise, contriv'd and 
planted with walkes and shades of myrtils, cypresse, and 
other trees. Evelyn, Diary, April 11, 1645. 
The Assyrian kings . . . maintained magnificent parks, 
or "paradises," in which game of every kind was enclosed. 
Kncyc. Brit., XII. 393. 
2. The garden of Eden. 
Adam in obedient ordaynt to blysse, 
Ther pryuely in paradys his place watg devised. 
Alliterative Poems (ed. Morris), ii. 241. 
So on he fares, and to the border comes 
Of Eden, where delicious Paradise, 
Now nearer, crowns with her enclosure green, 
As with a rural mound, the charapain head 
Of a steep wilderness. MUton, P. L., iv. 132. 
3. In tlteol. : (a) That part of the place of de- 
parted spirits where the souls of the righteous 
are by some believed to await the resurrection. 
(6) Sometimes, heaven, or the final abode of the 
blessed. Hence 4. A place of extreme beauty 
or delight ; a region of supreme felicity or bliss. 
A Paradise of roses was prefigured ; a wilderness of 
thorns was found. De Quineey, Philos. of Koin. Hist. 
The thorn and the thistle may grow as they will, 
Where Friendship unfolds there is Paradise still. 
0. W. Holmes, My Annual. 
5. In medieval arch. : (a) A small private apart- 
ment or study. (6) A court or inclosed area in 
front of a church. [This use of the word has induced 
the supposition that the word parvis is a corruption of 
paradise. ] 
6. The upper gallery in a play-house ; the place 
of the "gallery gods." [Slang.] Bird of para- 
dise. See Mrdi. Flower of paradise. See henna. 
Fools' paradise. See/ooJi. Grains of paradise. See 
grainl. 
Paradisea (par-a-dis'e-ii), n. [NL., < LL. para- 
disus, paradise : see paradise.] The typical ge- 
nus of Paradiseidfe. The name was formerly applied 
to all the birds of paradise and some related forms, but is 
now restricted to P. apoda and its immediate congeners, 
inhabiting New Guinea and some of the neighboring isl- 
ands. P. apoda is the one longest and best known, also 
called P. major, or the greater paradise-bird, as distin- 
guished from P. minor or papuana, the lesser or Papuan 
paradise-bird. (See cut under Wrdl.) P. sanguinea or 
rubra is the red bird of paradise. To these three, all known 
for a century or more, has lately been added P. raggiana, 
or Raggi's paradise-bird, nearestrelated to the first named. 
Others than these 4 species are now usually placed in dif- 
ferent genera. See Paradiseidse, and cut under tirdl. 
paradisean (par-a-dis'e-an), a. [< paradise + 
-an.] If. Same &s paradisiacal. 2. Of or per- 
taining to the Paradiseana or Faradiseidse. 
Paradiseana (par-a-dis-e-a'na), n. pi. [NL. : 
see paradisean.] Birds of paradise: synony- 
mous with Paradiseidss. N. A. Vigors, 1825. 
paradise-applet (par'a-dis-ap*l), . The to- 
mato. 
paradise-bird (par'a-dis-berd), n. Any bird of 
paradise. See phrase under bird 1 . 
Paradiseidae (par'a-di-se'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Paradisea + -idee"] A family of sturuoid os- 
cine passerine birds of the order Passeres, fa- 
mous for the splendor of their plumage, and 
preeminently characteristic of the Papuan avi- 
fauna ; the birds of paradise. The limits of the fam- 
ily have been much in question, and it has been restricted 
to the dozen or more species of the genera Paradisea, Para- 
disornis, Schleyelia, Diphyllodes, Cincinnurus, Parotia, and 
Lophorhina. More properly, however, these and some re- 
lated forms, as Astrapia, Paradigalla, Rhipidornis, Semi- 
optera, and also Xanthomelas, Lycocorax, Manucodia, and 
Phonygama, constitute a special subfamily Paradiseinie, 
in which the bill is more or less thick, while the slender- 
billed genera Ptilorhis, Seleucides, Drepanornis, and Epi- 
machus are placed in another subfamily, Epimachinee. 
The splendor of the plumage, and its chief peculiarities 
in size, shape, and texture, are characteristic of the male 
sex. The general affinities of the birds are with starlings 
and crows. See cuts at bird*, Cincinnurus, Epimachus, 
and Parotia. Also Paradisiadte. 
paradise-stock (par'a-dis-stok), . A horti- 
culturists' name for certain hardy slow-grow- 
ing apple-stocks upon which more thrifty-grow- 
ing varieties are grafted, the result being a 
dwarfing of the graft. 
Apples ... are " worked " on the paradise or " doucin " 
stacks, which from their Influence on the scion are known 
as dwarfing stocks. Encyc. Brit, XII. 213. 
paradox 
paradise-tree (par'a-dis-tre), n. A small Ameri- 
can tree, Sinutruba glauca, ranging from south- 
ern Florida to Brazil, having light coarse- 
grained wood and a bitter bark which is some- 
times used in medicine as a substitute for S. 
(itjicinalis. 
Paradisia (par-a-dis'i-a), n. [NL. (Mazzucato, 
1811), < Gr. irapdfeaof, a park, paradise: see 
paradise.] A genus of ornamental plants, of 
the order Liliaccse, tribe Asphodelcse, and sub- 
tribe Euaspliodelae, characterized by a three- 
celled ovary with many ovules, and funnel- 
shaped flowers. The only species, P. Liliastrum, known 
as St. Bruno's lily, is a native of the Alps and Pyrenees. 
It consists of a short rhizome hearing clusters of thick- 
ened fiber-like roots, long linear leaves, and a flower-stalk 
with one leaf or none, producing a few rather large white 
flowers, of six separate three-nerved segments, slightly 
nodding in a one-sided raceme. 
paradisiac (par-a-dis'i-ak), a. [= F. paradi- 
siaqiie = It. paradisiaco, < LL. paradisiacus, 
belonging to paradise, < paradisus, paradise: 
see paradise.] Pertaining or relating to para- 
dise, or a place of felicity ; suitable to or resem- 
bling paradise ; paradisaic. 
The paradisiac beauty and simplicity of tropic human- 
ity. Kitiysley, Alton Locke, xl. (Davies.) 
paradisiacal (par"a-di-si'a-kal), a. [< para- 
disiac + -al.] Same as paradisiac. 
But particularly to describe and point at this paradisia- 
cal residence can be done only by those that live in those 
serene regions of Hghtsom glory. 
Glanville, Pre-existence of Souls, xiv. 
The summer is a kind of heaven, where we wander in a 
paradisiacal scene among groves and gardens. POJK. 
Paradisiadae (par"a-di-si'a-de), . pi. [NL.] 
Same as Paradiseidfe. 
paradisial (par-a-dis'i-al), a. [< paradise + 
-ial.] Same as paradisiac. 
paradisian (par-a-dis'i-an), a. [< paradise + 
-ian.] Same as paradisiac. [Rare.] 
We may perceive some glimmerings of 1 ight, how bright 
and charming she is within, and what a paradisian day is 
purpling the hills. Evelyn, True Religion, I. 248. 
paradisic (par-a-dis'ik), a. [< paradise + -ic.] 
Same as paradisiac. [Rare.] 
Hence we inherit such a life as this, 
Dead of itself to paradisic bliss. 
Broome, Ground of True and False Religion. 
paradisical (par-a-dis'i-kal), a. [< paradisic 
+ -at.] Same as paradisiac. 
Paradisornis (par"a-di-sor'nis), n. [NL. , < Gr. 
wapaSeiaos, paradise, + opvif, bird.] A genus of 
paradise-birds, related to Paradisea proper, but 
having very long, narrow, and spatuliform mid- 
dle tail-feathers, and a high compressed beak. 
P. rudolplii of New Guinea, a recent discovery, 
is the type. Finsch and Meyer, 1885. 
paradot (pa-ra'do), n. [For "parada, < Sp. pa- 
rado, a parade: see parade.] Display; flour- 
ish. 
No less terrible was this paradox and parado of Presby- 
terian Discipline and Severity. 
Bp. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 16. (Davies.) 
parados (par'a-dos), n. [P., < purer, guard 
(see pare*, parry), + dos, back, < L. dorsum, 
back. Cf. parachute.] Earthworks behind a 
fortified place, designed to protect it from at- 
tack in the rear. 
paradox (par'a-doks), n. [< "F.paradoxe = Sp. 
paradoja = Pg.paradoxo = It.paradosso, < LL. 
paradoxum, a figure of speech, < Gr. irapadogov, 
an incredible statement or opinion, a paradox, 
neut. of irapadoo<;, incredible, < trapa, beyond, 
+ dofa, notion, belief, < do/criv, seem.] A state- 
ment or proposition which at first view seems 
absurd, or at variance with common sense, or 
which actually or apparently contradicts some 
ascertained truth or received opinion, though 
on investigation or when explained it may ap- 
pear to be well founded. As a rhetorical figure 
its use is well exemplified in the first quotation. 
As unknown, and yet well known ; as dying, and, behold, 
we live ; as chastened, and not killed ; as sorrowful, yet 
alway rejoicing ; as poor, yet making many rich ; as hav- 
ing nothing, and yet possessing all things. 2 Cor. vi. 9, 10. 
The fraudulent disputation of the sophister tendeth al- 
wayes to one of these five ends or marks : that is, by force 
of argument ... to make you ... to grant some para- 
dox, which is as much to say as an opinion contrary tn ;ill 
inens opinions. Blundeville, Arte of Logicke (1619), vi. 4. 
These are old fond paradoxes to make fools laugh i' the 
alehouse. Shale., Othello, ii. 1. 139. 
Some of my readers are hardly inclined to think that the 
word paradox could once have had no disparagement in its 
meaning; still less that persons could have applied it to 
themselves. I chance to have met with a case in point 
against them. It is Spinoza's " Philosophia Scripturaj In- 
terpres, Exercitatio Paradoxa." 
De Morgan, Budget of Paradoxes. 
