4277 
clee, Inhabiting rather deep water. \\HiParnlrtiidina as 
a group of Saipelidee. 
* uujr * ItltJ/ltltflft', 
Paralepis (pa-ral'e-pis), . [NL., < Gr. irapd, 
beside, + >(mV, a scale.] The typical genus 
paralepsis, paralepsy (par'a-lep-sis, -si), H. 
See iiiiralipsin. 
paralexia (piir-a-lek'si-U), H. [NL., < Gr. irapd, 
beside, + /j'i'/r, "speech ,"< />;//, speak.] Mor- 
bid misapprehension of th meaning of written 
or printed wonU. 
paralgesia (par-al-je'si-8), . [M,., <Gr. irapd, 
beside, beyond, + a^-^aif, sense of pain, < /- 
yv, feel pain, < oAyor, pain.] 1. Disordered 
sense of pain in a part, as when peculiar feel- 
ings of local distress follow stimulation. 2. 
Hypalgesia. 
paralria (im-ral'ji-a), n. [NL., < Gr. irapd, be- 
si'lc, oeyond, + a/yof, pain.] Same as paral- 
-. 
p'aralian (pa-ra'li-an), n. [< L. paralius, < Gr. 
irapaAwf, also irdpa/.of, by or near the sea, naval, 
marine, littoral, < irapd, beside, + dfy, the sea.] 
A dweller near the sea. Smart. [Bare.] 
Paralichthys (par-a-lik'this), . [NL.. < Gr. 
ndpa'Mf, by or in the 'sea (see paralian), + i^i'f, 
fish.] A genus of pleuronectoid fishes, related 
to the halibut. It has the lateral line strongly arched 
in front, the dursal beginning hi front of the eye, scales 
paragraphist 
grapher; specifically, one who writes para- 
graphs for ne\\spapurR. 
Any paraijraphixt in th newspapers. 
be Quincey, Herodotus. 
paragraphlsticalt (par'a-gni-fis'ti-kal), a. [< 
paragraphixt + -/<-/. | Saiii.- as /mriii/nniliii: 
Uniii. mill /'/. 
Para grass. 1. A forage-grass of warm cli- 
mate.s, fmiotun Im,-!,,,,,,,/!, j)roducing abun- 
dantly and of good quality: so named from 
I'ani in Brazil. 2. A commercial name of the 
pmssava fiber. 
paragrele (par'a-grel), . [< F. 'paragrtlc, < 
/in i-ir Ml,, iiiirnrc), guard against, parry, + 
i/rcle, hail.] Same as piinii/raiii/iiir. 
Paraguayan (par'a-gwa-an), a. and w. [< 
Paraguay (see def.) + -<JH.] I. . Of or per- 
taining to Paraguay or its inhabitants. 
II. H. A native or citizen of Paraguay, a re- 
public of South America, lying to the west of 
Brazil, and north and east of the Argentine 
Republic. 
Paraguay tea. See tea. 
parafieliotropic (par-a-he'li-o-trop'ik), a. [< 
/iiinilii'iiiiii-n/i-ixiH -f -<<;.] Pertaining to or ex- 
hibiting paraheliotropism. 
The leaves of some plants when exposed to an Intense 
and injurious amount of light direct themselves, by rising 
or sinking or twisting, so as to be less Inti-nm Iv illimii 
natcd. Such movements have sometimes been called diur- 
nal sleep. If thought advisable, they might be called 
parahelnitropic, Darwin, Movement In Hants, p. 411). 
paraheliotropism (par-a-he-li-ot'ro-pizm), n. 
[< Gr. irapd, about, + fkot, the sun, + rptiretv, 
turn, rpoirti, a turning.] In bot., the so-called 
diurnal sleep of leaves : a modification of dia- 
heliotropism. See the quotation under para- 
heliotropic. 
The so-called Diurnal Sleep of Leaves, or Parahetiolm- 
Darmn, Movement In Plants, p. 446. 
Parahippus(par-a-hip'us),n. [NL.,< Gr. irapd, 
beside, + Zirirof, horse.] A genus of extinct 
solidungulate perissodactyl quadrupeds, based 
by Leidy in 1858 upon North American remains 
of Pliocene age, belonging to the family, -liwlii- 
theriidse. The animal was a sort of horse with 
some tapiroid affinities, 
parahypnosis (par'a-hip-no'sis), n. [NL.,< Gr. 
Trapa, beside, + inrvof, sleep, + -osis. Cf. hypno- 
sis.} Abnormal sleep, as in hypnotized states 
or somnambulism, 
paraiba (pa-ri'bS), . [Braz.] A Brazilian 
plant, Ximaruba versicolor, whose extremely bit- 
ter bark is used in powder against insect ver- 
min and in infusion as a cure for snake-bites, 
and, together with the fruit, is employed as an 
anthelmintic. 
paraillet, . and n. See pareft. 
parakanthosis (par-ak-an-tho'sis), n. [NL.,< 
Gr. irapd, beside, + axavOa, a thorn, + -osis.] Ab- 
normal growth of the stratum spinosum of the 
epidermis, as in cancer of the skin, 
parakeet, n. See parrakeet. 
parakeratosis (par-a-ker-a-to'sis), n. [NL., 
< Gr. irapd, beside, + NL. keratosis.] Any 
disease of the skin characterized by abnormal 
quality of the horny layer, 
parakinesis, parakiaesia (par'a-ki-ne'sis, 
-si-a), n. CNL., < Gr. irapd, beside, + nivr/atf, 
motion.] Disordered motor function. 
paralactic (par'a-lak'tik), a. [< Gr. irapd, be- 
side, + K. lactic'.'} Used only in the following 
phrase. Paralactic acid, a modification of ordinary 
or fermentation lactic acid, having the same chemical 
composition and structure, but different In being opti- 
cally active as well aa in Its salts. It Is found in various 
j u II-CH of the body. Also called tarcolacric acid. 
paralalia (par-a-la'li-ii), . [NL., < Gr. irapd, 
beside, + fahd, talk, chat: see lallation.] Dis- 
order of articulation so that one sound is given 
for another, as I for r. 
paraldehyde (pa-ral'de-hld), . [< Gr. ira,m, 
beside, + E. OMMfd*.] A colorless liquid with 
a disagreeable odor and taste, C 6 H 12 O 3 , ob- 
tS&3ls& jgffsgff&zfr ^^ 
parallaltico, < LGr. irapaMaKTtxAc, of or for the 
parallax, < Gr. irapd)lai-t{, parallax: see paral- 
lax.'] Of, pertaining to, of the nature of, or 
characterized by parallax. 
Thomas Digrey and John Dey, gentlemen and mathema- 
ticians amongst us, have learnedly proved by parallactic 
doctrine that It |a new star in Cassiopeia] was in the celes- 
tial], not in the t'lrim'ntiiry region. 
Holland, tr. of Camden (Elizabeth, an. 1672). 
Parallactic angle, (a) The angle whose vertex is at any 
object observed while its legs pass through a mean and 
an extremely removed station of observation- parallax 
(6) The angle between the vertical circle and the decltna- 
i'.II ill IX. 
ParatifHtkys ttftttafus. 
weakly ciliated, and some of the teeth enlarged. It con- 
tain* a number of species in the American and Asiatic 
seas, among which are some highly esteemed food-fishes 
such as the bastard or Monterey halibut (P. ra/t/orniciM) 
the plaice or summer flounder of New York (P. dentatut) 
and the southern flounder (P. lethoetiyma). See Halibut 
and cut under flounder. 
paralinin (pa-ral'i-nin), n. Nucleoplasm. See 
nucleus, 1 (a). 
paralipomena (par'a-li-pom'e-na), u.nl. [= p. 
paralipomeiics, pi., formerly in 'E.'paralipomenon 
= Sp. paralipdmenon = It. paralipomenon, para- 
lippomenon, after the LL. gen. pi., < LL. para- 
lipomena (in gen. pi. paralipomenon, in liber pri- 
mus or secundus paralipomenon), < Gr. irapa/(et- 
ir6fieva, things omitted, omissions (rd fttfttdov TUV 
irapafatiro/ifvav, the book of things omitted), ppr. 
pass, of n-apoteVf iv, pass over, omit : see para- 
ifprit.] Things omitted; collectively, a supple- 
ment containing things omitted in a preceding 
work ; a collection of omittedpassagcs. Those 
books of the Bible called First and Second 
Chronicles are also called.ParaKpomea,former- 
ly Paralipomenon (a genitive form, see above). 
And as it Is rehearsed In Paralipomenon [marg. lib 1, cap. 
10) : One cause of his fal was for lacke of trust In (iod 
Sir T. More, Cumfort against Tribulation (1573), fol. 42. 
The fragment given In the paralipomena to Faust, en- 
titled Landstrassc, where Mephistophejes casts down his 
eyes and hurries past a cross by the wayside, follows, a 
hint of the later revelation of his character. 
Amer. Jour. Philol., VIII. 486. 
paralipsis (par-a-lip'sis), n. [Also paraleipsis 
and paralepsis (also paraleptty = F. paralipge = 
Pg. paralepsis = It. paralepsi, paralipsi, para- 
lissi), < NL. paralipsis, < Gr. irapd^Let^tf, a pass- 
ing over, < -Kapa}*iirctv, leave on one side, omit, < 
irapd, beside, + teiiretv, leave.] A pretended or 
suggested omission for rhetorical effect, usu- 
iilly introduced by " I say nothing of," "not to 
mention," or the like. 
. 
paraleipsis, n. See paralipsis. 
paralepidid (par-a-lep'i-did), . 
I'limlt'iidiitir, 
One of the 
[NL., 
, 
Paralepididse (par'a-le-pid'i-de), n. pi. [ 
< Paratepis (-ltpi<t-)"+ -i<fa.] A family of inio- 
mous fishes, exemplified by the genus Paralrpix, 
with elongate body covered with cycloid scales, 
long head, deep mouth; slender maxillaries 
closely adherent to the premaxillaries, short 
dorsal fin at about the middle of the body, 
and an adipose fin. The family contains 6 or 7 spe- 
269 
parallel 
tlon circle of a star. Parallactic ellipse, the ellipse 
which a star appears to describe annually In consequence 
of the earth's revolution around the sun, and I. \ tnm, ,,t 
parallax.- Parallactic Inequality, an inequality in the 
unions motion di-iN-ndrnt ii|K,n the solar parallax at (he 
moon. Its period Is one synodlcal isolation. ,,r 2K.53 
days, being double that of the variation, which it thus 
alternately Increases and diminishes. The maximum ef. 
feet 011 the longitude Is 122".- Parallactic Instrument 
In <utroN.,an equatorial Instrument Parallactic rules 
an ancient astronomical Instrument for measuring tin! 
zenith-distance of a star.- Parallactic unit, the dis- 
tance of a star whose parallax is 1", being 200,206 times 
the distance of the sun from the earth, 
parallactical (pnr-a-lak'ti-kal), a. [<parall<tr- 
li<- + -n/.] Same us parallaetie. 
parallax (par'a-laku), w. [= F. parallaxe = 8p. 
paralajc, p<tr<njix = Pg. - "~ 
= It. parnlhume, < (Jr. - 
alternation, parallax, < ,, u/ ^r^ u - 
aetv, make things alternate, < irapd, 
beside, + MUaortv, change, < 4>U 
2oj, another.] 1. An apparent 
displacement f an object ob- 
served, due to real displacement 
of the observer, so that the di- 
rection of the former with refer- 
ence to the latter is changed, in 
the nit, the angle 111 'I), being the semldlameter of AB ss 
seen from C, ls the parallax of C as seen from B. In as- 
tronomy, parallax is due either to our daily motion round 
the center of the earth, or to our yearly motion round the 
sun. Parallax Is observed, also, when the head Is moved 
liefore two Images or other objects In the region of dis- 
tinct vision and at unequal distances. There Is also an 
effect of parallax when we alternately shut one eye and 
open the other. 
2. ID. optics, an apparent shifting of the spider- 
lines in a telescope-reticle as the eye is moved 
before the eyepiece: it is due to the non-co- 
incidence of the threads with the focal plane 
of the object-glass Angle of parallax, in phyno- 
logKalupUct, the angle which the visual axes form at their 
point of meeting. This angle becomes greater the nearer 
the point of fixation. Annual parallax, the displace- 
ment of a star owing to Its being observed from the earth 
instead of from the sun. Diurnal parallax, the dis- 
placement of a bodv owing to Its being observed from the 
surface instead of from the center of the earth. Hori- 
zontal parallax, the diurnal parallax of a star upon the 
nori/xjn. The horizontal parallax is equal to the semi- 
diameter of the earth as seen from the star. Parallax 
Of altitude, the angular amount by which the altitude 
of the moon or other heavenly body is less on account of 
parallax. 
parallel (par'a-lel), a. and n. [< OF. parallelt, 
F. paralltlc = Sp. paralelo = Pa.paraUelo = It. 
parallelo, paralello, < L. paraUefus, parallelos, 
\. Gr. irapaMrfljos, beside one another, < irapd, 
beside, + aA?jJ>W, gen., etc. (found only in 
oblifiue cases of dual and plural), one another, 
a reduplicated form, < a).*os, another, + d^oj-, 
another.] I. a. 1. In geom., of lines (accord- 
ing to Euclid in his 
definition of parallel 
straight lines), lying in 
the same plane but 
never meeting however 
far they may bo pro- 
duced in either direc- 
tion; of planes, never 
meeting nowever far 
they may be produced; ,,,c,n, c 
in modern geometry, in- two Ii * ht -* 
tersecting at infinity. The definition of Euclid Is 
the traditional one ; but the modem definition has three 
logical advantages: first, It Is not, like the Euclidean defi- 
nition, a negative one; second, It makes one conception 
applicable equally to parallel lines and parallel planes: 
and third, it Is a statement which, whether literally true 
or not, must be admitted In form for the sake of the Im- 
nnt generalizations which result from It. 
laving the same direction, tendency, or 
course. 
How am I then a villain 
To counsel Tasslo to this parallel course, 
Directly to his good? Shot., Othello, U. 8. SSS. 
3. Continuing a resemblance through many 
particulars; like; similar; equal in all essen- 
tial parts: as, a parallel case; parallel pas- 
sages in the Evangelists. 
He [the apostle Paul] goes up and down preaching the 
Gospel In a sphere as large as his mind was, and with a 
seal only parallel with his former fury. 
Stillinyfeet, Sermons, I. iv. 
4. In music: (a) Of two voice-parts, progress- 
ing so that the interval between them remains 
the same. Such progression Is called parallel motion, 
and the intervals by which the two parts are separated an 
called parallel inlerral*. When the interval is a unison, 
an octave, or a perfect fifth, the progression Is regarded aa 
faulty : such progressions are called parallel vnutmt, oe- 
tave^mfflla, or simply paroOrb or eoiurcutin;*. Parallel 
thirds and sixths are correct, and pleasing when not too 
long continued. Parallel seconds and sevenths are rare, 
and usually objectionable, (ft) Qf tonalities, same 
as ri-lntin:S. In entom., parallel-sided: as, 
parallel elytra, wings, etc Parallel ban, battle, 
Parallel Lino. 
Two lines in a plane are cat 
f .1 third, making the sum of 
