paramour 
I pon the fluurc 
A lovely l-\y "t fain- Ladies K:I( , 
Courted of many a jolly ruramnure. 
.Sy.nT, F. Q., II. Ix. 34. 
Itul my mint iinil IHT imraiimur took (he pas, miij fonm-il 
iniliTtt Mich :i I;iir of 01 itriii:il.s as, 1 li.-li.-tr, :iil [ji^liilnl 
could not panilli-l. Sn,i.ll,ll, lliiin|>lllry < 'linki-r, II. I'.rll. 
2. A lover, of either Hex, in a bail sense ; one 
who liikrs tin- place of a hu.slianil nr wife wilh- 
out legal right : the only sense of the word now 
in use. 
Mi f tin 1 liou*linmte wag a revi-lmn, 
This Is to seyn, he hedde a paramour. 
Chaucer, I'roL to Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 454. 
shall I believe 
Thai unsubstantial death Is amorous, 
And that the lean abhorred monster keeps 
Thee here in dark to he his paramour 9 
Shalt., R. aud J., T. 8. 106. 
I ... took a paramour; 
Did her mock-honour as the fairest fair. 
Tennymm, Geraint. 
3f. Love, as between the sexes; gallantry. 
II. \\:.s a- riii of lot,- and imnwmur 
AH is the hyve ful of hony swete. 
Chaucer, Cook's Tale, L 8. 
paramourt, v. t. [ME. paramourm; < //,- 
i/' i 'in-. n.] To love; be in love with; woo. 
Than Blase axed what hed ought to do. And Merlyn selde, 
"The! be yunge men and lolye, and have grete nede of 
eounsellle, and 1 knowe a faire lady that Vter parammtn. 
And I will go and bringe hyn a letter, as It were from IHT. " 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), I. 47. 
paramyoclonus (pur'a-mi-ok'lo-nus), n. [NL., 
< Or. ira/>a, beside, + /ivf (/iwif ), muscle, 4- K'/O- 
voc,, any violent confused motion: see clonus.'] 
Clonus in symmetrically placed muscles. 
paranema (par-a-ne'mii), .; pi. paraiiemala 
(-ina-tii). [NL.,"< Gr. 7r'ap6, about, 4 vi]ua, a 
thread.] In hot., same as paraphysis. 
paranematic (par'a-ne-mat'ik), a. [< parane- 
ma(t-) + -ic.] In hot'., resembling or belong- 
ing to a paranema. 
paranephritis (par*a-ne-fri'tia), n. [NL. , < Gr. 
ira/id, beside, + NL. nephritis."] Inflammation 
of the paranephros, or suprarenal capsule. 
paranephros (par-a-nef'ros), n. [NL., < Gr. 
. imiia, beside, 4 wfpifi kidney.] The suprarenal 
capsule ; the adrenal. Thomas, Med. Diet. 
paranete (par-a-ne'te), n. [L., < Gr. Trapavr/rr/ 
(see def.), < ir'apa, beside, + VT/TT/: see nettP.] 
In am: (!r. imisie, the next to the highest tone 
of either the disjunct or the upper tetrachord: 
so called because it lay next to (below) the tone 
nete. Its pitch was probably about that of either 
the D or the G next above middle C. See tetra- 
chord. 
parang (par'ang), M. [Malay.] A large heavy 
knife used by the Malays. In appearance it resem- 
bles a sword-bayonet, and it serves for a variety of uses, 
as cutting food, felling trees, the ordinary needs of car 
pentry, etc. 
parangon (pa-rang'gon). n. [F. paranijon, para- 
gon; as adj., without flaw: see paragon.] A 
name given by jewelers to a gem of peculiar 
excellence. The term is also applied to certain 
marbles of peculiar excellence as well as to 
gems. 
paranoea, paranoia (par-a-ue'a, -noi'a), w. 
[NL., < Gr. Ttapavota, derangement, madness, < 
n-apavotiv, be deranged, < irapa, beside, + votiv, 
t hiiik.] A chronic form of insanity developing 
in a neuropsychopathic constitution, present- 
ing systematized delusions of more or less defi- 
nite scope, while in other directions there may 
appear a fair amount of mental health. The 
prognosis is extremely bad. 
paranceac, paranoiac (par-a-ne'ak, -noi'ak), . 
[< IKI ra na-a + -oc.] A patient exhibiting par- 
ancpn. 
paranoeic (par-a-ne'ik), a. [< paranoea + -ic.] 
I'ertuining to or exhibiting paranuja. 
parantheiion (par-an-the'li-on), .; pi. poran- 
thrlia (-a). [NL.,<Gr. Trapd, beside, 4avri, over 
against, 4- '//Uof,the sun.] A white image of the 
sun, more or less diffuse, seen at the same alti- 
tude as the sun, aud at an angular distance from 
it varying from 90 to 140. Psranthella are due to 
rays of light which undergo two successive reflections, in- 
u-mal or internal, ii|>n the vertical faces of an Ice-prism 
suspended in the atmosphere. Bravai*. 
paranthine (pa-ran'thin), . [< Gr. irapmiOrlv, 
wither, shed its blossoms (< irapo, beside, + av- 
fciv, blossom, < avOaf, a flo wer, blossom), 4 -ine 2 .] 
A species of seapolite. 
paranuclear (par-a-nu'kle-ar), a. [< tfL.para- 
iiiiclfiiK + -ar3.~] Of or pertaining to a para- 
nucleus: as. tin- /iiii'iiiniflcar substance. 
Occasionally other structures act like nerve-flbres to- 
wards sold, and amonu tln-sc maybe nn-ntioiu-d cntain 
paranuclear bodies in the cutaneous epithelium of N'ec- 
turus. A. B. Hoodlum, Micros. Science, XXVII. 447. 
4281 
paranucleate (par-a-nu'kle-at), a. [< NL. IHI- 
rn ii iii-lt n.-i + -ulei.]' Provided with a paranu- 
i-lrus: as, n pariniiii-lniti- t->-\\. 
paranUCleolUS (par'a-nu-kle'o-lug), . ; j>l. //- 
i-ti ii iii-li ill i (-li). [NL.,< Gr. ird/ia, beside, 4 NL. 
nucleolus, q. v.] A mass of substance that is 
extruded from the nucleus, in pollen and spore 
mother-cells, just before their division into 
daughti-r-ci'lls. 
paranucleus (par-a-nu'kle-u.s), . ; pi. paranu- 
clci (-i). [NL., < (Jr. -/;</. Iii-Mili . + NL. nu- 
cleus, q. T.] The so-called nucleolus or endo- 
plastule of certain protozoans. See cut under 
I'aramccium. 
In most of the CUiata, by the side of the large obloiig 
nucleus, la a second smaller body (or even two such bodies) 
which has been very objectionably termed the nucleolus, 
. . . but is better called the paranudeut. 
Sncyc. Brit., XIX. 864. 
Para-nut (pa-ra'nut), . [< Pard, a city in Bra- 
zil, 4- nut.] The Brazil-nut. 
paranympn (par'a-nimf), w. [= F. paranyniplit- 
s= Hp. pa run info = Pg. paranympho, paraninfo 
= It. paraniiifo, < Lili. paranympnux, m., brides- 
man, paranympha, t., bridesmaid, < Gr. irafta- 
w/ajiof, m. bridesman, f. bridesmaid, < napa, \>e- 
side,+ vi-fACfri, bride: see nymph. ~] 1. Inancieut 
Greece, a bridesman or bridesmaid ; specifical- 
ly, the particular friend who accompanied the 
bridegroom when he brought home his bride. 
The Timnian bride 
Had not so soon preferr'd 
Thy paranymph. Union, S. A., 1. 1020. 
Many brides have died under the hands uf parrtnympht 
and maidens, dressing them, for uneasy joy. 
Jer. Taylor, Holy Dying, i. I. 
2. One who gives countenance and support to 
another. 
Sin hat h got a paranymph and a solicitor, a warrant and 
an advocate. Jer. Taylor, Worthy Communicant. 
paranymphal (par'a-nim-fal), a. [<paranymph 
+ -/.] Of or relating to a bridesman or brides- 
maid, or to one who in any way gives counte- 
nance and support to another. 
He who names ray queen of love 
Without his bonnet vail'd, or saying grace, 
As at some paranymphal feast, is rude. 
Nor vers'd In literature. Ford, Lady's Trial, iii. 1. 
paraparesis (par-a-par'e-sis), . [NL., < Gr. 
irapa, beside, 4- iraptatf, paralysis : see paresis.] 
In pathol., partial paralysis of the lower ex- 
tremities. 
paraparetic (par'a-pa-ret'ik), a. [< parapare- 
sis, after parctic.'] Pertaining to paraparesis. 
parapatagial (par-a-pat-a-ji'al), a. [< NL. pa- 
rapataijium 4 -<d."\ Of or pertaining to the 
parapatagium : as, a parapatagial muscle. 
parapatagium (par-a-pat-a-ji'um), .; pi. iMira- 
pataifia (-a). [NL., < Gr. '-napa, beside, + NL. 
patagium, 'q. v.] A fold of skin between the 
neck and the shoulder of a bird, continuous 
with the propatagium. 
parapegm (par'a-pem), . [= P. parapeumr, < 
L. parapegma, ( Gr. ttapaxtiyua, a tablet set up 
(see del.), a rule, order, < irapairiryvvvai, fix be- 
side, set up, < Tiapa, beside, 4 vrryvvvai, fix : see 
pegm.] In Gr. antiq., a tablet fixed to a wall 
or set up in a public place, and inscribed with 
a law or ordinance, or with any information or 
announcement to the public, as an astronomi- 
cal calendar, etc.; hence, a rule or precept. 
Our fore-fathers, . . . observing the course of the sun. 
and marking certain mutations, . . . registered and set 
them down in their parapeijme.t. or astronomical canons. 
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., Iv. 13. 
parapegma (par-a-peg'mS), .; pi. parapeiiHia- 
lii (-ina-ta). [NL., < Gr. nap&mrfua, a tablet set 
up: see pit rapt'i/nt."] Same as para net/ in. 
parapeptone (par-a-pep'ton), n. [< Gr. napa, 
beside, 4 E. peptone.] A proteid substance in- 
termediate between albumin and peptone, ob- 
tained by neutralizing an acid solution in which 
pepsin has acted on a proteid body. It closely 
resembles syutonine. 
parapet (par'a-pet), it. [<F.parapet = 8p.para- 
peto = Pg. parapeito, < It. parapetto, a breast- 
work, < parare, guard (see pare 1 ), 4 petto. 
.4 . foot of banquette dope ; B, crest of banquette : C. Interior crest : 
D. foot of interior >loue ; E . exterior crest ; F. foot of exterior slope : 
G. crest of scarp : H, foot of scarp ; /. foot of counterscarp ; J, crest uf 
counterscarp; AB. banquette slope: RD, banquette tread ; CD, in- 
terior slope ; Cf. superior slope ; EF. exterior slope ; F O", berm : 
tiff, scarp ; HI, bottom of ditch ; U, counterscarp. 
paraphernalia 
breast, < L. pertiis, breast: si-i- ////.] A 
wall or rampart rising breast-high. (a) JftKr., a 
wall, rampart, or elevation of earth to cover eoldiera from 
the attacks of an enemy In front ; a breastwork. Aliout 
half way up the Inner side Is a ledge called a banquette, 
which the troops mount when they are about to Ore. See 
also cuts under emorature and fortification. 
Thou hast talk'd . . . 
<>f pallaadoes, frontiers, paraptlt, . . . 
And all the currents of a heady tight 
Shot., I Hen. IV., u.8.66. 
(i) In arrh.. a wan or barrier, either plain or ornament- 
ed, placed at the edges of platforms or balconies, roots of 
houses, sides of bridges, etc., to prevent people from fall- 
Ing over ; also, something resembling such a parapet In 
appearance or use. See cut under moucharaby. 
An arcade, as now, ran along the front of the building, 
the length of which was relieved by adome In the center, 
and on the balustraded parapet were eight statues on ped- 
estals. Athlon, Social Life In Itelgn of Queen Anne, II. 7. 
Levelled the summit of the mount so skilfully, and bound- 
ed It with the parapet of the city wall. 
uavtharnr, Marble Faun, L 
Fear not, Isle of blowing woodland, Isle of silvery parapett ! 
Tennyton, Boadicea. 
(e) In anal., the alveolus, or alveolar border of the Jaw- 
bone, In which the teeth are Inserted.- Indented para- 
pet. See indented. 
parapetalous (par-a-pet'a-lus), a. [< Gr. irapa, 
beside, 4 xtn&ov, a "petal.']) In hot., standing at 
each side of a petal, as stamens in many Sosa- 
cete. They are, however, not necessarily before a sepal 
when parapetalous. Compare antipetalwu and antitepa- 
low. 
parapeted (par'a-pet-ed), a. [< parapet 4 -e<P.] 
Furnished with a parapet. 
The entrance to a redoubt should he made in the least 
exposed side, and be protected by a parapetted traverse 
placed behind It. Kneyc. Brit., IX. 4S8. 
paraph (par'af), n. [< ME. paraf, paraffe; < OF. 
(and P.) paraphe, paraf e = Sp. parrafo = Pg. 
parrafo = It. paraffo, a paragraph, signature, 
nourish: see paragraph.] In diplomatics, the 
figure formed by a nourish of a pen at the con- 
clusion of a signature, formerly used as a pre- 
caution against forgers; the flourish. 
In some countries (as In Spain) the paraph Is still a usual 
addition to a signature. Brandt and Cox. 
A paraph of the word snbscripsl. Eneyc. Brit., VII. 254. 
paraph (par'af), t>. t. [< ME. parafen, paraf- 
fen, < OF. (and F.) paraplier, parafer; from the 
noun.] To append a paraph to ; hence, to sign, 
especially with the signer's initials. Aisopara- 
graph. 
Signed or paraphed by Count N'esselrode. 
Timei (London). 
paraphasia ( par-a-fa'/iii), H. [NL., < Gr. napd, 
beside, 4 NL. aphasia.] In pathol., the use of 
one word for another, or of one syllable for an- 
other: a phase of aphasia, 
parapherna (par-a-fer'ua), . [LL., < LGr. 
wapafeava, that which a bride brings over and 
above her dower, < napa, beyond, 4 <pcpvi/, dower, 
< ffptiv, bring, = E. ftearl.] In Bom. late, the 
property which a bride possessed and reserved 
over and above the dowry she brought to her 
husband; that portion of the wife's property 
which was held by her under the strict law ap- 
plicable to a woman marrying without coming 
under the hand. 
paraphernal (par-a-fer'nal), a. [= F. para- 
phernal = Sp. parafernaleii.nl. , = Pg.paraphtr- 
nal = It. parufcrnale, < LL. "paraphernalia, < 
parapherna: see parapherna.^ Pertaining to 
or consisting of paraphernalia : as, paraphernal 
property. Bovrier. 
paraphernalia (par'a-fer-na'li-ji), n.pl. [ML., 
< neut. pi. of LL. 'paraphernalia: see parapher- 
nal.] 1. In lair, those personal articles which 
the common law recognized the right of a mar- 
ried woman to own and keep, notwithstanding 
the marital right of her husband to her per- 
sonal property in general, ruder this name all the 
personal apparel, bedding, and ornaments which she pos- 
sessed and had used during marriage, and which were 
suitable to her rank and condition of life, were deemed 
hers at common law. 
In one particular instance the wife may acquire a prop- 
erty in some of her husband's goods, which shall remain 
to her after his death and not go to his executors. These 
are called her paraphernalia, which la a term borrowed 
from the civil law. and Is derived from the Greek language, 
signifying something over and above her dower. 
Blaclatone, Com., II. xxix. 
2. Personal ornaments or accessories of attire ; 
trappings; equipments, especially such as are 
used on parade, or for ostentations display, as 
the symbolic garments, ornaments, weapons, 
etc., used by freemasons or the like. 
I trust the paraphernalia of the Beefsteak Club perished 
with the rest, for the enmity I bear that society for the 
dinner they gave me last year. 
(irerOle, Memoirs, Feb. IS, 183O. 
