parapsis 
hynu'noptera, In which thr p.u :ij.-i'lc- ;in- fmjiortant In 
clasHificatiiin. 'lh'\ ;u. r.illnl platjie acapulartg by Hall- 
day, and xcapulir hy ThoniHon. 
parapsis- (pil-mp'sis), . | XL., < (ir. ~u,;. lie- 
side, 4- (ii/'/r, u touching.] In imtlml., a, disor- 
dered sense of loueli; |>;iriiphia. 
parapteral (pa-nip'le-riil), <i. [<. imriijittruiii + 
-nl.} Of or pei'liiinin^ to the parapterum, iu 
either tl ntoinologiciil or the ornitholoi:i<-:il 
sense of that word. 
parapteron (pa-rap'te-ron), n. Same us /'- 
I'li/i/rnnii. 
parapterum ( pa-rap' tg-rum), n. ; pi. parapte- 
rn (-rii). [NL., also parapteron, < Gr. JTO//. 1 
side, -r- TmyxJv, wing.] 1. In entom., the third 
one of the three svleritcH into which each plou- 
ron, right and left, or lateral segment of each 
thoracic somite, is divisible, the first and second 
of these sclerites being respectively the epi- 
sternum and the epimeron. There are a propleural, 
a mesoplcural, and a metaploiiral parapterum on each aide 
of ail insert's thorax. See parapteuntm. 
2. In iirniili.. the scapular and adjoining fea- 
thers of the wing. ll/i</< r. 
paraquat (par'a-ket), n. Same as parrakeet. 
paraquitot, . Same as parrakeet. Halliwell. 
Pararctalia (pur-iirk-ta'li-ii), n. [NL., < Or. 
napd, beside, + NL. Arctalia, q. v.] In zoi>- 
geog., a prime marine zoological division, the 
north temperate realm of the waters of the 
globe, including the various coast-lines between 
the isocrymes of 44 and 68, the latter being 
the northern limit of the reef-building corals. 
Pararctalian (par-ark-ta'li-an), a. [C Pararc- 
talia + -on.] Of or pertaining to Pararctalia; 
inhabiting or characteristic of Pararctalia. 
pararectal (par-a-rek'tal), a. [< Gr. irapa, be- 
side, + NL. rectum: see rectal.] Beside the 
rectum. 
pararthria (pa-rar'thri-ft), n. [NL., < Gr. irapa, 
beside, + apS/mv, a joint (articulation): see 
arthritis.'} Disorder of articulation of speech. 
parasalpingitis (par-a-sal-pin-ji'tis), n. [NL., 
< Gr. irapa, beside, 4- odXjnjf, a tube, -I- 
Inflammation about the Fallopian tubes. 
parasang (par'a-sang), . [Formerly also para- 
sang ue ; = P. parasange = Sp. Pg. It. parn- 
sanya, < L. parasanga, ( Gr. vapaaayytif, a para- 
sang, < Pers. *parsang,farsang (> E. sometimes 
farsang, fursung ; Ar.farsekh), a parasang.] A 
Persian measure of length, reckoned by Herod- 
otus at 30 stadia, and thus equivalent to about 
3J English miles. At different times and places, 
however, the parasang has been equivalent to 
30, 40, or 60 Greek stadia. 
parascene (par'a-sen), n. [= It. parascenio, < 
Gr. KapaaKi/vtov, in pi. irapaaitfyvia, side-scenes, < 
Trapa, beside, + ataprii, stage, scene: see scene.'] 
Same as parascenium. 
parascenium (par-a-se'ni-um), n. ; pi. para- 
.*<< ttiii (-&) [NL., < Gr. irapaaKqviov, in pi. vapa- 
ontfvta, side-scenes: see parascene.] In clasx. 
antiq., the projecting structure on either side 
of the stage of a theater, including, besides 
apartments, the door or opening (parados) by 
which the chorus entered the orchestra. 
parasceuastic (par'a-su-as'tik), a. [< Gr. irapa- 
OKcvaoTinw;, preparatory, < xapaanevateiv, prepare 
(cf. Trapaa/ievi/, preparation: see parascene), < 
irapa, beside, + oneva&iv, prepare, < anevot , a ves- 
sel, aKfvf/, equipment.] Preparatory. [Rare.] 
Touching the Latin and Greek, and those other learned 
languages, . . . they are the parasctuaxtick part of learn, 
lug. Cora* ' Doom (1672), p. 128. (Latham.) 
parasceve (par'a-sov), n. [< F. parasceve = 
= Sp. Pg. It. parasceve, < LL. parasceve, < Gr. 
xapaoKt-vri, preparation, < irapa, beside, + anevf/, 
equipment. Cf. parasceuastic."] If. Prepara- 
tion : in allusion to the specific use (def. 2). 
Why rather, being entering into that presence where I 
shall wake continually and never sleep more, do I not in- 
terpret my continual waking here to be a paratcfvt and 
a preparation to that? Donne, Devotions, Works, III. 667. 
Specifically 2. Friday, the day before the He- 
brew sabbath : so named because on that day 
the Hebrews prepare what is necessary for the 
next day ; also, what is thus prepared. The name 
is retained in the Roman Catholic missal as a term for Good 
Friday, and is sometimes improperly applied to Thursday 
of Holy Week, or Maundy Thursday. 
It wa the paratceve , which is the Sabbath-eve. 
Mark xv. 42 (Rheiius trans.). 
The sacred towell and the holy euro 
Are ready by, to make the guests all pure ; 
Let go, my Alma ; yet, ere we receive, 
Kit, nt it is we have our Parasctvt. 
Who to that sweet bread unprepar'd doth come, 
Better he starv'd then but to Ust one crumme. 
Berridc, The Parasceve, or Preparation. 
4283 
paraschematic (par'a-ske-raat'ik), . [< (jr. 
rn/,.11, in-side, + <r;ry/, sctieme : sec nrln-imiin:] 
Imitative. 
The growth of these early themes may have been very 
luxuriant, and, as Professor Curtlus expresses it, chiefly 
. 
Max MiiUrr, Selected Essays, L 96. (Kncyc. Diet.) 
parasecretion (par'a-se-kre'shon), . [< Gr. 
napti, beside, + E. secretion.'} 1. In patlinl., 
the production of a secretion of abnormal qual- 
ity. 2. The substance thus secreted. 
paraselene (par'a-se-le'ne), n.; pi. parasek-na 
(-ne). [= F. paraselene = 8p. Pg. It. paraselene, 
< NL. paraselene, < Gr. irapd, beside, + 
the moon.] A bright spot on a lunar halo, pro- 
duced by refraction through a preponderating 
number of ice-crystals floating perpendicularly 
or vertically ; a mock moon. Two or more p*r*.i 
leiia) are generally seen at the same time, together with 
additional arcs or bands variously arranged. Paraselene 
are entirely analogous to parhelia. See parhelion. 
paraselenic (par'a-se-len'ik), a. [< paraselene 
+ -ic.} Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of 
a paraselene. 
parasinoidal (par'a-si-noi'dal), a. [< Gr. irapa, 
beside, + NL. sinus + -aid +"-al.] Lying along- 
side a sinus, as a blood-channel of the brain. 
Parasinoidal spaces, spaces In the dura mater which 
receive the blood from the cerebral veins before its dis- 
charge into the adjacent superior longitudinal sinus. 
They often contain Paechionian bodies. 
Parasita (par-a-si'ta), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi., 
< L. paraxitus" m.,'a parasite: see parasite.] 
In zool., parasites; parasitic animals: applied 
to several different groups whose members are 
characterized by their parasitism, (a) In Cnuta- 
'''". low parasitic forms, as the siphonosUmious and re- 
lated crustaceans, often collectively called also Kfaoa, 
and made a class or order of that name. Most of them 
are known as fish-lice. (6) In entom., lice; in Latreille's 
system, a group of apterous insects, the third order of In- 
sects, corresponding tulheAnopiuraul Leach. Also Para- 
ntica. 
parasital (par'a-si-tal), a. [< parasite + -al.] 
Parasitic. 
He saw this parariUtl monster fixed upon his entrails, 
like the vulture on those of the classic sufferer in mytho- 
logical tales. 
litilu-er. What will he Do with it? viii 7. (Davie*.) 
parasite (par'a-sit), n. [< F. parattite = Sp. pard- 
xito = Pg. parasito, parasita = It. parassito = 
G. Sw. Dan. parasit, < L. porositus, m., parasita, 
f., < Gr. irapaairof, one who eats at another's ta- 
ble, a guest, esp., in a bad sense, a parasite, cf. 
irapaaiTflv, eat with another, live at another's 
table, < irapa, beside, + alrof, food.] 1. Origi- 
nally, one who frequents the tables of the rich 
and earns his welcome by flattery; hence, a 
hanger-on ; a fawning flatterer ; a sycophant. 
I will despair, and be at enmity 
With cozening hope ; he is a flatterer, 
\pararite. Shot., Rich. II., 1L 2. 70. 
Outstript thus by a jtaranite I a slave, 
Would run on errands, and make legs for crumbs. 
B. Jonxon, Volpone, v. 4. 
Specifically 2. (a) In rod?., an animal that 
lives in or on and at the expense of another ani- 
mal called technically the host; also, by exten- 
sion, an animal which lives on or with, but not 
at the expense of, its host: in the latter sense, 
more precisely designated inquiline or commensal 
(see tuese words). There is scarcely any animal that 
may not or does not serve as the host of parasites, and some 
parasites are themselves the hosts of other parasites. (See 
hypfrparante.) Parasites form no technical group of ani- 
mals, since representatives of almost any class or order, 
from protozoans to vertebrates, may be parasitic. Most of 
the leading divisions of animals, however, include some 
members, whether genera, families, orders, or even classes, 
whose habit Is extensively or exclusively parasitic. Thus, 
among protozoans, the (jregarinida are parasites. Among 
worms, many families, some orders, or even classes, are 
entirely parasitic, furnishing the most formidable and fre- 
parasitic 
<l in-lit parasites of man an<) <li>m> .*! :inim:tU. Y*ry many 
of the lower crustaceans are parasites. esprriMK M|>M 
fishes, mollusks, etc., and upon one ainitln-i : hil> 
of the highest crustaceans are modified parasites, or c<>m- 
mi-nsaU, as the little crabs that live In uysh-r-sht-lK 
Among arachnldaix, the whole class or order of acariils 
or mite* Is essentially parasitic, thouk-h inrlu.llng many 
forms which lead an ludejiendi'nt lift-, linurts funiiih 
many of the parasites, especially of terrestrial animals, 
as vertebrate*, and some are parasite* of other Insects. 
One order of Insects, the Aruifiura or lice, Is thoroughly 
parasitic, and other orders furnish parasitic I.HI..I 
genera. Insects and crustaceans both belong to the phy- 
lum Arthrnpnla, and it may be said that as a rule Insects 
furnish the arthropod parasites of land-animals, and crus- 
taceans those of water-animals, or terreatrlal and aquatic 
"lice " respectively. Few mollusks are parasitic, but /... 
tacancha miralatit, a gastropod found In holothurlans, Is 
an example. Very few vertebrates are parasite*, but hsgs 
(Jfyzifu) bore Into Babe*, fishes of the genus h\erafrr 
crawl Into the intestines of holothurlans, and some other 
fishes exhibit a kind of parasitism. Parasite* not consti- 
tuting any natural division of animals, it follows that. 
as mcb, they are not naturally divisible Into zoological 
groups. They are, however, conveniently called entopar- 
OJifw or ectapanuitn, according a* they Uve In or on their 
hosts, or Enlutoa and Kpizoa, upon the same grounds. 
According to the extent or degree of their parasitism, they 
are also known as paratita proper and commenmt or 
inaudine* (see above). Among the most remarkable par* 
sites are the male* of some spo< -ii- which have their 
own females as hosts, as among cirripeds. Such males are 
known as cvmptctnental males, one or more of which are 
carried about by the female In her vulva, they being of 
Insignificant size and to all Intents and purpose* mere 
male parts of her. The above-mentioned parasite* are 
exclusive of all those many animals which are parasitic 
upon plants, as gall-insects and the like ; and also of those 
birds which are parasitic to the extent of laying their egg* 
in other birds' nests, requiring their progeny to be hatched 
and brought up by foster-parents, as cuckoos and cowblrds. 
See cuts under Cecrupt, Kntunitctu, Kpvwa, J'latypiyUa, 
and Stytopt. (ft) Particularly, an insect which 
lives either upon or within another insect dur- 
ing its earlier stages, eating and usually de- 
stroying its host. Such parasites belong mainly to 
the Hjtmenoptera and to the Diptera, but there are a few 
coleopters and lepidopters to which the name may be ap- 
plied. See cut under Anliyatter. (r) In lint., a plant 
which grows upon another plant or upon an 
animal, and feeds upon its juices. See para- 
sitic, and cut under Cercospora. 
Fungi have long been divided into two main sections 
founded on their nutritive adaptation. Those which con- 
stitute the first category feed on living organisms, whether 
plants or animals, and are termed parantet. 
De Bary, Fungi (trans.), p. 360. 
3. \nieratol. See autosite. AuUecioug parasite, 
In bat., an organism which goes through the whole course 
of IU development on a single bo*t Autoxenous par- 
asite, In !>(., same as aiu&cious jwrank. Facultative 
parasite. See /an/afir. Heteroscious parasite, in 
bot., same as meUrnovt parasite. Metoecious parasite, 
in '"'., an organism which passes through the different 
stages of It* development on widely different hosts, as 
some of the Uredinea. Hetoxenous parasite, in '"'., 
same as metaeriaui paratite. Obligate parasite, In bot., 
an organism to which a parasitic life is indispensable for 
the full attainment of its development. - Syn. 1. Pararilf, 
Sycophant. The object of the gycophant Is to ingratiate 
himself with one who is wealthy or powerful, and his 
means are especially servility and flattery. The paratite 
gets a maintenance or a more comfortable maintenance 
by living upon one who is richer ; there is no suggestion 
as to the means employed, but the word is contemptuous 
as implying a relation of degradation. The derivational 
Idea of fiicophaiU Is now quite lost ; the secondary use of 
paratite in connection with plant and animal life now af- 
fects the original sense of the relation of human beings. 
parasitic (par-a-sit'ik), a. [= F. parasitiquc = 
Sp. Pg. parasiiico = It. parassitico, < L. parasi- 
ticus, < Gr. irapamTuc6f, parasitic, \. irapaatrof, a 
parasite: see parasite."] 1. Of the nature of a 
parasite; fawning for bread or favors ; meanly 
dependent ; acting the sycophant ; like a para- 
site in any way ; of things, secondary; subordi- 
nated to or arising from another thing of the 
same kind. 
The paratilic habit in the souls of men. 
Dnanmand, Natural Law in the Spiritual World, p. 327. 
Specifically 2. In zoiil. and bot., living or 
growing as a parasite; pertaining to or ciar- 
acteristic of parasites. See cut under Oro- 
bancke, 
This unnatural sickly-looking plant (bird's-nest orchis] 
has generally been supposed to be parantir on the roots 
of the trees under the shade of which it lives. 
Darwin, Fertil. of Orchids by Insects, p. 12S. 
In certain states of body, Indigenous cells will take on 
new forms of life, and, by continuing to reproduce their 
like, give origin to paratitic growths, such as cancer. 
H. Spencer, Social Static*, p. 491. 
3. In philol., attached to a word erroneously or 
by false analogy: thus, rf in vulgar drotrna, t in 
margent, etc., are parasitic Parasitic bee, In m- 
tom., one of several genera of true bees which are para- 
sites or Inqnilines in the nests of other bees. Thus, mem- 
bers of the genus Epeolia (of which E. mereattu I* an ex- 
ample) live In the nests of CiUetet; of Co*rcry. In the 
cells of MeyaehOe; of Jleteeta, in the cells of Anthophon; 
and of Stflit, with Omia. Parasitic bird*, those birds 
which lay their eggs in the nests of other birds, as the < lid 
World cuckoos and the Sew World cowbirds. Para- 
sitic current*. Same as FoucauU current*. 
