paratactical 
paratactical (par-a-tak'ti-kal), a. [< /,<//- 
lilrtif + -III.} Same M I'Hl'illiirlir. 
paratactically (par-a-liik'ti-kal-i), mlr. In <- 
iirilain-e will] nr by |>anilii\is. 
paratarsial (par-a-tiir'si-al), a. [< piirnlnr- 
xiitHi + -nl.] Of or pertaining tn the paratar- 
sillln. 
paratarsium (par-a-tar'si-urn), n.; pi. para- 
liirtiiit (-ii). | Nlj., ? Gr. napd, beside. -1- Ta/io6f, 
the sole of the foot: sen <rx.] In ornilli., 
the side of the tarsus, as distinguished from the 
aerotarsium : correlated v/Mipnradactylum. 
paratartaric (par'a-tar-tar'ik), a. [< Or. ;ra/ja, 
licside, near to, + E. tartaric.] Resembling 
or related to tartaric acid. Paratartaric acid, 
riirrinir arid, see racetnic. 
parataxis (par-a-tak'sis), . [NL., < Gr. Tra/>&- 
Toftc, a placing side by side, < vaparaaaetv, place 
beside, < irapu, beside, -t- rdaaetv, arrange: see 
tactic.] In gram., the ranging of propositions 
one after another without connectives, as the 
corresponding judgments present themselves to 
the mind without marking their dependence or 
relations on each other by way of consequence 
or the like. It is opposed to syntax and hypo- 
taxis. 
There can hardly be a doubt that In reporting speech or 
thought, all languages at first made use of the direct 
method, putting the actual words of the speech or thought 
after the verb of saying or thinking, without a connecting 
word ; in other words, the first construction in such sen- 
tences was that of parataxis. Amer. Jour, Philol., V. 221. 
parathesis (pa -rath 'e -sis), .; pi. paratheses 
(-sez). [X Gr. irapdBeaic, a placing side by side, 
juxtaposition, < napariScvai, put beside, < irapa, 
beside, + TtOtvat, put, place, < Otaif, a placing: 
see thesis.] 1. In gram., apposition, or the 
placing in the same case of two or more nouns 
which explain or characterize one another. 
2. The setting side by side of things of equiv- 
alent grade : used by some philologists of mon- 
osyllabic or isolating language. 3. In rhet., a 
parenthetical notice, generally of something to 
be afterward expanded. 4. In the Gr. Ch., a 
prayer uttered by a bishop over converts or 
catechumens. 
paratbetic (par-a-thet'ik), a. [< parathesis 
(-thet-) + -ic.] Pertaining to or of the nature 
of parathesis; placed in apposition, as two or 
more nouns. 
paratomial (par-a-to'mi-al), a. [<. paratomium 
+ -al.] Lying alongside the tomia of a bird's 
bill : specifically applied to the paratomium. 
paratomium (par-a-to'mi-um), n. ; pi. parato- 
mia (-&). [NL., <Gr. irafid, beside, + NL. tomi- 
um, q. v.] In ornith., the side of the upper 
mandible, in any way distinguished from the 
culmen and the tomium, between which it ex- 
tends, llliger; Sundevall. See tomium. 
par atonic (par-a-ton'ik), o. [Cf. Gr. jra/xiro- 
vof, stretched out beside or along, < Traparfivetv, 
stretch out beside or along, produce, < irapa, be- 
side, + Tcivetv, stretch.] Arresting or retarding 
plant movement or growth : a term proposed by 
Sachs, in 1865, to characterize the variations in 
intensity of light which produce the movements 
of waking and sleeping (nyctitropism) in plants, 
in contradistinction to heliotropism. It is the 
increasing intensity of light in the morning which induces 
the waking of the leaves, and the decreasing intensity in 
the evening which induces the closing or nocturnal posi- 
tion of the leaves, whereas in the heliotropic curving of 
motile organs it is the constant influence of light which 
effects the turning. As. employed by other vegetable 
physiologists, the word implies also the retarding influence 
of light upon growing organs, in distinction from the pho- 
totonic or stimulating effect upon leaves. That is, in 
leaves exposed for a protractea period to darkness the 
growth is arrested, but they have the power of growth 
restored on exposure to light, whereas all growing organs 
grow more rapidly in darkness than in light, this effect 
of light in retarding growth being termed the paratonic 
effect. 
The power of movement, whether spontaneous 01 para- 
tonic, may be temporarily suspended by certain external 
conditions. Bessey, Botany, p. 198. 
paratonically (par-a-ton'i-kal-i), adv. In a 
paratouic manner; so as to manifest a para- 
tonic effect. 
Cotyledons, besides being heliotropic, are affected para- 
tonically by light. Darwin, Movement in Plants, p. 123. 
paratort, [< LL. parator, a preparer, con- 
triver, < L. parare, prepare: see pare 1 .] An 
apparitor. 
You shall be summon'd by a host of Parators ; you shall 
be sentenc'd in the spiritual court. 
Dn/den, Spanish Friar, IT. 
paratory (par'a-to-ri), .; pi. paratories (-riz). 
[< ML. paratorium, < L. parare, prepare.] A 
place where any preparation is made ; a church 
vestry or sacristy. 
4285 
paratyphlitis (par'a-tiMi'tis), . (XL.. < <ir. 
-ii/in, beside, + Tiifi'/ur, blind (with ref. to ca)- 
cum), + -itu. Cf. typhlitis.] Inflammation of 
the connective tissue behind the cncum. 
para-umbilical (par"a-um-biri-kal), a. [< Gr. 
irafxi, beside, + L. iiiii/iiliciix, umbilicus: see 
iiiiihiliral.] Situated or occurring in the neigh- 
borhood or by the side of the umbilicus. 
parauchenium (par-a-ke'ni-um), .: \>\.parau- 
rln-niii (-a ). [XL., < (Jr. mi/ii'i, beside, + aiixfo, 
neck: see auchenium.] In ornith., the side of 
the neck; the lateral cervical region. [Little 
used.] 
parauntert, adv. Same as peraunter for peratl- 
i'( Htm'*'. 
paravail (par-a-val'), a. [Alsoparavaile; < OP. 
'paraval, par 'aval, below, < par, by (< L. per, 
through), + aval, below, downward, < L. ad ral- 
lem, to the valley : see avale. Cf. paramount, of 
opposite meaning.] Inferior; lowest: in feudal 
law, applied to the lowest tenant holding under 
a mean or mediate lord, as distinguished from a 
tenant in capite, who holds immediately of the 
sovereign. 
The king therefore was styled lord paramount ; A. was 
both tenant and lord, or was a mesno lord, and B. was 
called tenant paravail, or the lowest tenant, being he 
who was supposed to make avail or profit of the land. 
Blaekttmie, Com., II. v. 
paravantt, paravauntt, adv. [< OF. (and F.) 
paravant, before, < par, by (< L. per, through), 
+ avant, before: see avant-, avaunfl.] First; 
beforehand ; in front. 
Tell me some markes by which he may appeare, 
If chaunce I him encounter paravaunt, 
Spentcr, F. Q., III. ii. 16. 
paraxial (pa-rak'si-al), a. [< Gr. xapa, beside. 
-I- L. axis, axis: see oxufl, axial.] In zoo'l. and 
nun/., situated on either side of the long axis 
of the body ; lying laterally to the right or left 
of the spinal column : opposed to epaxial and 
hypaxial: as.the paraxial processes of vertebra. 
paraylet, and n. See parel. 
Parazoa (par-a-z6'a),w.;>J. rNL.,<Gr.n-op<i, be- 
side, + Cvov, an animal.] The sponges, Spon- 
giozoa or Porifera, regarded as a prime division 
of the animal kingdom, of equal rank with Pro- 
tozoa and .\l< in. -mi. Sollas. 
parazoan (par-a-zo'an), a. and n. [< Parazoa 
+ -an.] I. a. Of or pertaining to the Parazoa. 
II. . A member of the Parazoa. 
parazonium (par-a-zo'ni-um), M.; pl.parasonia 
(-ii). [NL., < Gr" vapafavta, also irapal^uviiiov, 
a dagger worn at the girdle, < irapa, beside, + 
$uvr/, girdle: see zone.] In Gr. archeeol., a dag- 
ger worn at the girdle. 
Bithynia seated, holding two spears and parazonium. 
B. V. Head, Hlstoria Numorum, p. 444. 
parbake (par'bak), v. t. [Irreg. < par- + bake, 
after the supposed analogy of parboil.] To bake 
partially; overheat. 
Everything was so hot and so glaring that very few peo- 
ple were about ; a few par-baked figures went by. 
Miss Thackeray, Mrs. Dymomi, vi. 
parbleu (par-ble'), interj. [F.] A corruption 
of par Dieu ('by God' : see pardy) : used as an 
exclamation or minced oath, 
parboil (piir'boil), v. t. [Formerly also perboil; 
< ME. parboylyn, < OF. parbouillir, boil thor- 
oughly, < LL. perbullire, ooil thoroughly, < L. 
per, thoroughly, + bullire, bubble: see 6o/ 2 . 
The word has been taken to mean ' partly boil,' 
as if < part + boiP. Hence, recently, parbakf.] 
If. To boil thoroughly. 
PmubmuUir |F. 1, to parboile throughly. Cotgrave. 
Tis nobody's fault but yours ; for an' you had done as you 
might have done, they should have been parboiled and 
baked too, every mother's son, ere they should come in. 
B. Jonson, Every Man In his Humour, IT. 1. 
My liver'sporiwiZcd like Scotch holly-bread. 
Webtter, White Devil, v. 2. 
2. To boil slightly or in a moderate degree; 
half-boil. 
Parboylen mete, semibullio, Cath. parbulllo. 
Prompt. Pan., p. 382. 
They [the Samoydes) are of reasonable stature, browne, 
actiue, warlike, eate raw incut?, or a little perboiled with 
bloud, Oile, or a little water which they drinke. 
Purchai, Pilgrimage, p. 742. 
parbreakt (par'brak), c. [Also perbreak, par- 
brake, pcrbrake; < ME. parbraken; < par- for 
per-, through (cf. parboil), + break.] I. intrant. 
To vomit. 
And virulently dysgorged, 
As though ye wolde parbratf. 
Stelton, Poems (ed. Dyce), II. 77. 
When to my great annoyance, and almost parbreaking, 
I have seene any of these silly creatures. 
u, Passengers' Dialogues (1812). (.Yarn.) 
parcel 
II. trant. To vomit; beli-h t'urlh; vi-nt. 
His goldbrlght shield fire perlarakts. Phaer, .1 
Come, snake-trest 81st rrs. g ..... , v clisiniill Klves, . . . 
ak hcer your foul, blark, lim-full gall. 
r, tr. of Du Bartaa's Weeks, II., The Furies. 
, . 
Com, partmak hcer your fo 
\\h. n he hath parbrak'd hi griered mind. 
Up. Hall, Satires, I. r. 9. 
parbreakt (pur'brak),n. [< parbreak,v.] Vomit. 
II. r MMeparbrcate all the place defiled has. 
Spentcr, F. Q., I. L 20. 
parbuckle(piir'buk-l), n. [Appar. < par?, equal, 
+ buckle'^, v.] A device for raising or lowering 
a heavy body, as a cask, gun, etc., along an in- 
clined plane or vertical surface. A bight of a rope 
i> made round a post or other secure fastening at the level 
to which the object Is to be raised or from which It Is to 
be lowered. The two ends of the rope are then pasted 
under the object and brought over it, and are hauled or 
Blackened together to raise or lower the object as may be 
required, the object itself acting as a movable pulley. The 
name is also applied to a sling made with a rope, as shown 
at a in the cut. 
parbuckle (par'buk-1), v. t.j pret. and pp. par- 
buckled, ppr. parbuckling, [(.parbuckle, n.] To 
hoist or lower by means of a parbuckle. 
Parcae (par'se), n. pi. [L., the Fates, pi. of 
Parca: perhaps < / par otpar(t-)n, part, lot; 
partiri, divide : see part.] The Latin name of 
the Fates. See fate, 5. 
parcaset, rfc. bee percase. 
parceitt, n. [ME., < OF. 'parceit, < L. percep- 
tum, perception : seepercept. Cf. conceit, deceit, 
etc.] Perception; perceptivity. 
It paasld my parceit, and my preifls also, 
How so wondirtfuil werkis wolde haue an ende. 
Richard the Redetess, ProL, 1. 17. 
parcel (par'sel, usually par'sl), n. [< ME.par- 
cel, parcel!, parcelle, percel, < OF. parcelle, par- 
cele, t., also parcel, m., F. parcelle, t., a small 
piece or part, a parcel, a particle, = Pg. par- 
cella = It. partictlla, < ML. particella, contr. 
parcclla (after F.), a parcel, dim. of L. parti- 
cula, particle : see particle.] 1. Apart, either 
taken separately or belonging to a whole, (o) A 
share ; a portion. 
I.itfl loucth he that lorde that lent hym al that blisse, 
That tuns partth with the pore a parcel whan hym nedeth. 
Piers Plowman (BX x. 68. 
Thou shalt shryve thee of alle thy synnea to o man, and 
nat a parcel to o man, and a parcel to another. 
Chaucer, Parson's Tale. 
Having receiv'd amongst his allotted parcel* certain pre- 
tious truths of such an orient lustre as no Diamond can 
equalL Milton, Church-OoTernment, ii., Int. 
(i>) A separable, separate, or distinct part or portion or aec- 
tlon, as of land. 
Abraham seith that he seigh holy the Trinfte, 
Thre persones in parcelleg departable fro other, 
And alle thre but o god thus Abraham me taugte. 
Pirn Plowman (B), xvil. 86. 
Naomi, that is come again out of the country of Moab, 
selleth a parcel of land. Ruth iv. S. 
I have one parrel of land called Upper Crabtreewent, con- 
taining about twelve acres. 
WinOirop, Hist New England, II. 438. 
(e) A constituent or integral part : used frequently In the 
phrase part and parcel. 
It is a branch and parcel at mine oath. 
SAofc.C. ofB., T. 1. 108. 
Nothing parcel of the world is denied to man's inquiry 
and invention. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, L 9. 
Being parcel of the common mass, 
And destitute of means to raise themselves, 
They sink, and settle lower than they need. 
Covper, Task, v. 847. 
Granada, at we have seen, was placed under the sceptre 
of Castile, governed by the tame laws, and represented In 
its cortes, being, in the strictest sense, part and panel of 
the kingdom. Pretcott, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 28. 
