pardoner 
who absolves an offender from punishment or 
blame. 
England speaks louder; who are we, to play 
The generous pardoner at her expense? 
Browning, Strafford. 
2f. One who is licensed to sell papal indulgences 
or pardons. 
Ther preched a pardoner as he a prest were, 
And broujte forth a bulle with bishopis seles, 
And seide that hym-selue myghte asoilie hem alle 
Of falsnesse of fastinges, of vows to-broke. 
Piers Plowman (C), L 66. 
By this gaude have I wonne, yeer by yere, 
An hundred marks sith I was pardonere. 
Chaucer, Prol. to Pardoner's Tale, 1. 104. 
Heywood . . . saw no reason to spare priests, pardoners, 
or pilgrims the lash of his joyous wit. 
A. W. Ward, Eng. Dram. Lit., I. 134. 
pardonlesst (par-don-les), a. [< pardon + 
-less. ] Unpardonable. 
He that compyles a work, 
And warned doth otfende 
In one thinge of te, is perdonles 
It that he doth not mende. 
Drant, tr. of Horace's Art of Poetry. 
pardon-screen (piir'don-skren), n. A screen 
surrounding or placed before a confessional, to 
hide the penitent from public view during the 
act of confession. 
pardon-stall (par'don-stal), . A stall from 
which pardons and indulgences are read, or in 
which confessions are heard. 
pardy. perdy (par-de', per-de'), interj, [Early 
mod. E. (in occasional present use as an archa- 
ism); also pardie, pardieu, etc., < OF. pardie, 
par&e, F. pardi, pardieu, < par (< L. per), by, + 
Dieu (< L. dens), God: see deity.'] Indeed (lit- 
erally, 'by God'): a familiar minced oath for- 
merly much in use. 
Mary, unto them that had rather slepe all dale then wake 
one hour, . . . unto such pardie it shall seeme painefull 
to abide any labour. Sir T. Wilton, Art of Rhetoric, p. 81. 
Ah, Dame ! perdy ye have not doen me right, 
Thus to mislead mee, whiles I you obaid : 
Me little needed from my right way to have straid. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. vi. 22. 
Perdie, your doors were lock'd and you shut out. 
Shak., C. of E., iv. 4. 74. 
It is my duty and function, perdy, to^be fervent in my 
vocation. Better and Webster, Westward Ho, ii. 1. 
"Pardy," returned the king, "but still 
My joints are somewhat stiff or so." 
Tennyson, Day-Dream, The Revival. 
pare 1 (par), v. t.; pret. and pp. pared, ppr. par- 
ing. [< WE.paren, payren, < OF. purer, V.parer, 
deck, dress, trim, etc., particular uses of the 
orig.general sense 'prepare,' 'pare,'= Sp. parar, 
prepare, = Pg. parar, guard, <ym;r,pare, = It. 
arare, deck, trim, guard, ward off, oppose, < 
. parare, prepare, get ready, ML. also guard, 
guard against, parry, etc. (cf. parachute, para- 
pet,parasol, etc., and parry). Hence ult. com- 
pare^-, prepare, repair^, separate, sever, several, 
etc., empire, imperial, etc., parade, parry, etc.] 
1. To trim by cutting or shaving off thin slices 
or flakes from the surface or the extremities: 
as, to pare an apple ; to pare a horse's hoof, or 
one's nails ; to pare old or worn-out grass-land. 
At Juyn a floore for thresshing thus thai make : 
Thai pare it first, and lightly after gete 
Hit dolven smal, and chaf therto thay take. 
PaUadim, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 158. 
Your nayles parde. Eabees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 76. 
He plants, he proins, he pares, he trimmeth round 
Th' ever green beauties of a fruitful! ground. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., Eden. 
2. To reduce by cutting away superficial parts ; 
diminish by little and little ; cut down. 
I lerned among Lumbardes an lewes a lessoun, 
To wey pens with a peys [weight), and pare the heuyest. 
Piers Plowman (B), T. 243. 
I have . . . pared my present havings, to bestow 
My bounties upon you. Shak., Hen. VIII., iii. 2. 159. 
Yea, they would pare the mountain to the plain, 
To leave an equal baseness. 
Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
3. To remove by or as by cutting, clipping, or 
shaving: with off or away : as, to pare off the 
rind of fruit ; to pare away redundancies. 
Now is to repare 
Rosaries olde, and drynesse of to pare. 
Palladium, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 80. 
I was diligent to remark such doctrines, and to pare off 
the mistakes so far that they hinder not piety. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 20. 
=Syn. 1. Pare, Fed, Shave off. To pare is to remove the 
surface only with a knife or similar instrument to peel is 
to pull off the akin or rind. " That is peeled which is de- 
prived of a natural layer or integument spread over it." 
(C. J. Smith, Synonyms Discriminated, p. 603.) The figura- 
tive uses of these two words are limited. Shave or shave 
of still seems figurative when not implying the use of a 
razor, and is controlled in its meaning by that original 
4288 
sense ; hence it is always limited to dressing off the sur- 
face. 
parent, n. An obsolete form of pair' 1 . 
pareccrisis (pa-rek'ri-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. napa, 
beside, + sKK/iiaif, separation, secretion : see 
ctTrixis.] Disordered secretion. 
paregalt, . and . [Early mod. E. alsoperegal; 
< ME. paregal, peregall, parengal, peringull, 
peryngall, < OF. paregal, parigal, paringal, per- 
ingal, entirely equal, <par, equal, + egal, equal : 
see par 2 and egal, equal.'] I. a. Entirely equal ; 
equal. 
As soone as thei were mette the! heilde hem peryngall ; 
but the prowesse of kynge Boors was passynge alle other, 
for he dide merveiles. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 163. 
His herte ay with the ftrste and with the beste 
Stod paregal, to dure that hym leste. 
Chaucer, Troilus, v. 840. 
Whilom thou wast pereyall to the best. 
Spenser, Hhep. Cal., August. 
II. n. An equal. 
Everyche other through great vyolence 
By very force bare other unto grounde, 
As full ofte it happeth and is founde 
Whan stronge doth mete with his peregall. 
Lydgate, Troye (1655), sig. P. v. (Halliwell.) 
Thus was soure croune crasid till he was cast newe, 
Thoru partiuge of joure powere to joure paragals. 
Richard the Jtedeless, i. 71. 
Bal. How lik'st thou my suite ? 
Cat. All, beyond all, no peregal. 
Marstan, Antonio and Mellida, I., iii. 2. 
paregmenon (pa-reg'me-non), n. [NL., < Gr. 
irapTfy/ievov, neut. of napi}y^vo(, perf . pass. part, 
of Tcapayetv, lead by, derive, < trapd, beside, + 
ayeiv, lead: see agent.] In rhet.,ihe employ- 
ment of several words having a common origin 
in the same sentence. 
paregoric (par-e-gor'ik), a. and n. [= F. pare- 
gorique = Sp. paregdrico = Pg. It. paregorico, 
< LL. paregoricus, < Gr. TtamyopiKtx;, soothing, < 
jrapiyyopof, consoling, < irapa, beside, + ayopeiiuv, 
speak in an assembly, < ayopa, assembly: see 
agora.'] I. a. In med., mitigating; assuaging 
pain. 
It [tar-water] is of admirable use in fevers, being at the 
same time the surest, safest, and most effectual both pare- 
goric and cordial. Sp. Berkeley, Siris, 75. 
Paregoric elixir. Same as II. , 2. 
II. n. 1. A medicine that mitigates pain ; an 
anodyne. Specifically 2. A camphorated 
tincture of opium, flavored with aromatics. 
pareilt, . [< ME. pareil, < OF. pareil, F. pareil 
= Pr. parelh = Pg. parelho = It. parecchio, 
equal, < ML. pariculus, equal, < par, equal: see 
par". Cf. apareZ,j>ardl,fromthesamesource.] 
An equal ; a match. 
Sir Gawein armed Elizer, and Gaheries dide hym helpe, 
and dide on his hauberk that was of grete bounte that in 
all the hoste was not the pareile. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 584. 
We shall quickly find out more than upareU for St. James 
and St. John, the Boanerges of my text. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), II. 94. 
pareira (pa-ra'ra), n. [Braz.] A drug derived 
from several plants. The true pareira (fully written 
pareira brava) is the root of Chondrodendron tomentosum, 
formerly supposed to be afforded by Cissampelos Pareira, 
which is hence called spurious pareira brava. The latter 
has a local medicinal use. There are several substitutes 
for pareira brava, some of them worthless. The genuine 
is regarded as a mild tonic, aperient, and diuretic, but its 
chief use at present is to relieve chronic diseases of the 
urinary passages. Pareira-root is the officinal drug, but 
pareira-bark has probably something of its virtue. See 
abutua. 
parent, *' t. [ME. parelen ; by apheresis from 
apparel.] To apparel. Lydgate. 
If I be parellid moost of price. 
MS. Cantab, ft. v. 48, t. 117. (HattiweU.) 
pare! 1 !, n. [Also parrel, parral (still used in 
technical senses: see parrel); < ME. parel, 
parail, parayle: by apheresis from apparel.] 
1. Apparel. 2. Arms. 
parent, . A Middle English form of peril. 
parelcon (pa-rel'kon), n. [NL., < Gr. wapefauv, 
ppr. of Ttap&Keiv, draw aside, lead alongside, be 
redundant, < Trapd, beside, + E/KEIV, draw.] In 
gram., the addition of a syllable or particle to 
the end of a pronoun, verb, or adverb. Coles, 
1717. 
pareliet, . [< F.parelie, a mock sun : see par- 
helion.] A parhelion. Dr. H. More, Psycha- 
thanasia, I. iii. 25. 
parella (pa-rel'a), n. [NL., < F. pareile, per- 
relle, a kind of lichen.] A crustaceous lichen, 
Leeanora parella, used to produce archil, cud- 
bear, and litmus, or some other similar lichen 
which serves the same purposes. 
parelleif, A Middle English form at peril, 
pareile 2 (pa-rel'), Same as parella. 
parenchymatitis 
parembole (pa-rem'bo-le), 11. [NL., < Gr. ~a- 
p,u/:to/7, insertion, < Ka.ptjifiak'teiv, put in beside, 
< Trapd, beside, + ev, in, T fla'A/etv, throw.] In 
rhct., the insertion of something 
relating to the subject in the 
middle of a period, or that which 
is inserted ; an explanatory 
phrase having a closer connec- 
tion with the context than a pa- 
renthesis. Also called paremp- 
Pnrement, or long 
Surcoat, of the I4tn 
or islh century. 
parementt, [ME.: see para - 
ment.] 1. Same as parament. 
Chaucer. 2. [OF.] A long and 
flowing form of the military sur- 
COat. This variety of the surcoat, worn 
toward the close of the fourteenth cen- 
tury, reached the ground (or near it) 
behind, but was usually cut shorter in 
front ; it sometimes had long and ilow- 
ing sleeves, and these and theedgeof the 
robe were commonly ornamented with 
dags, scallops, or the like. The whole 
was usually made of some silk fabric, to 
some extent impermeable to rain. 
paremptOSiS (par-emp-to'sis), 
n. [NL., < Gr. Ttape/JiTTuaif, a 
coming in besides, < ^apefiir'm- 
TUV, come in besides, < Trapd, besides, + E/OT/TT- 
Tfiv, creep in, be inserted in, < ev, in, + nlirretv, 
fall.] Same as parembole. 
parencephalitis (par-en-sef-a-H'tis), . [NL., 
< parencephalon + -itis.] Inflammation of the 
parencepnalon or cerebellum. 
parencephalocele (par-en-sef'a-lo-sel), . [< 
NL. parencephalon + Gr. K^'/.r/, tumor.] Hernia 
of the cerebellum. 
parencephalon (par-en-sef 'a-lon), . [NL. (cf. 
Gr. 7rapj'A-f0a>.;f, the cerebellum),< Gr. mrpd, be- 
side, + r/Kc^aAof, the brain.] The cerebellum. 
parencephalus (par-en-sef'a-lus), n. [NL., < 
Gr. irapa, beside (amiss), + fjxf^a/of, the brain : 
see parencephalon.] One with prevented devel- 
opment of the encephalon. 
parenchyma (pa-reug'ki-ma), n. [= F. paren- 
chyme = Sp. parenqitima = Pg. parenchyma = 
It. parenchima, < NL. parenchyma (see def.), < 
Gr. miptyxviia, the peculiar tissues of the lungs, 
liver, kidney, and spleen (so called by Era- 
sistratus as if formed separately by the" blood 
of veins that run into those parts), < Trapeyx c ' v > 
pour in beside, < napa, beside, + tyx e ~ tv , pour 
in: see enchymatous.] 1. In anat. and zool. : 
(a) The proper tissue or substance of any part 
or organ, as distinguished from the connective 
or other sustentacular tissue which it contains. 
(b) The undifferentiated body-substance or 
chyme-mass of the unicellular animal, as an 
infusorian; indistinguishable cell-substance; 
endoplasm. (c) The general substance of the 
interior of the parenchymatous worms. 2. In 
bot., the fundamental cellular tissue of plants: 
contradistinguished from prosenchyma, orfibro- 
vascular tissue. It is the soft thin walled tissue, with 
approximately isodiametric cells, which composes the soft 
pulp of leaves between the network of veins, the pulp of 
fruits, etc. In a dicotyledonous stem it forms the outer 
bark, the pith, and the medullary rays ; in monocotyledons 
it is the common mass, of loose texture, through which the 
definite fibrovascular bundles are distributed. While the 
ordinary or typical shape of the cells is polyhedral or sphe- 
roidal, there are numerous modifications, all of which for- 
merly received special designations, but only a few princi- 
pal types are now distinguished by names. Spongy paren- 
chyma is tissue in which the cells are loosely aggregated 
and have large intercellular spaces. Elongated paren- 
chyma-cells are more compactly combined than short ones, 
and in the upper side of leaves have received the signifi- 
cant name of palisade-cells. Flattened parenchyma-cells 
are seen in the medullary rays of dicotyledons. Collen- 
chyma, sclerotic and suberous parenchyma, trichomes, 
etc. , are further modifications. See collenchyrna, palisade- 
cell, sclerotic, suberous, trichome, and cuts under cellular, 
cystolith, and tissue. 
Also parenchymc. 
parenchymal(pa-reng'ki-mal), a. ^parenchy- 
ma + -al.] Pertaining to or of the nature of 
parenchyma. 
Parenchymata (par-eng-lum'a-ta), n. pi. [NL., 
pi. of *parencliymatus, < parenchyma, paren- 
chyma: see parenchyma.] Pareuchymatous 
or acoslomatous worms ; in Cuvier's classifica- 
tion, the second order of En tozoa, or intestinal 
worms, being those which have no intestines, 
but are solid or parenchymatous. They were di- 
vided into four families Acaiithocejihala, ' Tremadotea " 
[read Trematodea], Txnioidea, and Centoidea ; but neither 
the composition of the order nor its subdivision corre- 
sponds with natural groups. 
parenchymatic (pa-reng-M-mat'ik), a. [< pa~ 
renfJujma(t-) + -ic.] Same as parenchymatous. 
parenchymatitis (par-eng-kim-a-ti''tis), n. 
[NL., < pareneliyma(t-) + -jtia.] Inflammation 
of the parenchyma. 
