parietovisceral 
parietovisceral (pa-ri"e-t6-vis'e-ral), a. Per- 
t a ining to or connecting the parietes of a cavity 
and its contained viscera; parietosplanchnic. 
parilt, '< An obsolete spelling of peril. 
Parinae (pa-ri'ne), n. pi. [NL., < L. Parus + 
-('?.] A subfamily of oscine passerine birds, 
typified by the genus Parus, of definite charac- 
ters but uncertain systematic position, usually 
referred to the Parities; the typical tits, or true 
titmice. The species are of small size, seven inches long 
or less ; the bill is short, stout, straight, unnotched, and 
unbristled, with undecurved tip and ascending gonys, and 
rounded nostrils concealed by overlying antrorse plu- 
mules; the tarsi are scutellate ; the toes are short, and co- 
herent at the base ; the wing has ten primaries, of which the 
first is short or spurious, and the tail has twelve rectrices, 
not acuminate or scansorial ; the wings are rounded and 
usually shorter than the long, sometimes very long, tail. 
The plumage is soft and lax, and seldom brightly colored. 
There are about 75 species, very generally distributed, espe- 
cially in the northern hemisphere. The leading genera are 
Parus, Psaltripartts, Auriparus, Psaltria, Acredula, and 
jEgithalus. See cuts under chickadee, Parus, and titmouse. 
Parinarium (par-i-na'ri-um), . [NL. (A. L. de 
Jussieu, 1789), < parinari, native name in Bra- 
zil.] A genus of rosaceous trees of the tribe 
Chrysobalanees, known by the two-celled ovary. 
There are about 40 species, all tropical, natives of Africa, 
Australia, Brazil, and Guiana, and of islands of India and 
the Pacific. They are usually tall, with thick and rigid 
alternate evergreen leaves, and white or pink flowers with 
many long stamens, followed by ovoid or spherical drupes, 
often partly edible. See buri-nut, gingerbread-plum, gin- 
gerbread-tree, 2, and nonda. 
parine (pa'rin), a, [< L. pants, a titmouse, + 
-incl.] Of, pertaining to, or having the char- 
acters of the subfamily Parines; related to or 
resembling the titmice: as, parine habits ; a, pa- 
rine bill ; a parine genus. 
paring (par'ing), n. [< ME. parynge; verbal 
n. of pare~L, .] 1. The act of trimming some- 
thing, or of reducing it in size or thickness by 
cutting or shaving off small portions from the 
surface or extremity. 
He could not endure there should be such Parings off 
from the Body of his Kingdom. Baker, Chronicles, p. 53. 
2. That which is pared off; a thin piece cut, 
clipped, or shaved off; hence, a scrap: as, 
cheese-parings; the parings of grass-lands. 
Thou cam'st but half a thing into the world, 
And wast made up of patches, parings, shreds. 
B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 3. 
If you please to spend some of the Parings of your Time, 
and fetch a Walk in this Grove, you may happily find 
therein some Recreation. Hoivell, Letters, iv. 37. 
3. The rind or outermost crust. 
4292 
metry and its petals, which are linear, awl- 
shaped, or absent. There are 7 species, natives of 
mountains or temperate regions in Europe and Asia. They 
Flowering Plant of Paris quadrifolia. 
. the fruit. 
, a flower during anthesis; 
Virginity . . . consumes itself to the very paring. 
Shak., All's Well, i. 1. 155. 
Yet, to his guest though noway sparing, 
He ate himself the rind and paring. 
Pope, Imit. of Horace, ii. 6. 170. 
Paring and burning, the operation of paring off the sur- 
face of worn-out grass land, or lands covered with coarse 
herbage, and burning it for the sake of the ashes, which 
serve as a powerful manure, and for the destruction of 
weeds, seeds, insects, etc. [Eng.] 
paring-chisel (par'ing-chiz"el), n. A joiners' 
broad flat chisel, worked by the hand alone, and 
not by striking with a mallet, it is generally 
longer in the blade than a firmer-chisel, and lighter than 
a mortise-chisel, and has the bezel on one side. 
paring-iron (par'ing-l-'ern), n. A farriers' par- 
ing-knife. 
paring-knife (par'ing-mf), n. 1. A knife used 
in paring, such as that used in woodworking 
for roughing-out work, or by farriers for paring 
hoofs. 2. A knife with a guard to regulate 
the depth of cut: used for peeling fruit and 
vegetables. 
paring-machine (par'ing-ma-shen"), n. A key- 
grooving machine. 
paring-plow (par'ing-plou), n. In agri., a 
plow for cutting sods or turfs from the surface 
of the ground; a sod-plow. E. H. Knight. 
paring-spade (par'ing-spad), re. A breast- 
plow. BaUiwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
pari passu (pa'ri pas'u). [L. : pari, abl. of 
par, equal ; passu, abl. of passus, step, pace : 
see par% and pace*.] With equal pace or pro- 
gress; side by side; in complete accord; in 
law, equally in proportion ; without preference ; 
pro rata. 
paripinnate (par-i-pin'at), a. [< L. par, equal, 
+pinnatus, winged.] In bot., equally pinnate ; 
abruptly pinnate. See cut /under leaf. Com- 
pare imparipinnate. 
Paris (par'is), n. [NL., from the second ele- 
ment of herb-paris, < F. herbe pans, herbe a 
Paris (see herb-paris) : so called in allusion to 
the regularity of the parts, < L.par, equal: see 
joar2.] A genus of liliaceous plants of the 
tribe Medeoleee, known by its numerical sym- 
are singular plants, with a short unbranched stem from a 
creeping rootstock, and the leaves all in a terminal whorl, 
in the center of which stands a solitary erect greenish 
flower. See herb-paris. 
Paris baby. Same as Paris doll. 
Paris-ballt. n. A tennis-ball. Palsgrave. (Hal- 
liweU.) 
Paris basin, blue. See basin, 9, blue. 
Paris daisy. Same as marguerite, 2. 
Paris doll. A figure dressed in the fashionable 
costume of the period, with the materials, silk, 
lace, etc., as actually worn, sent from Paris as 
a model for dressmakers elsewhere to copy. 
Paris-garden (par'is-gar"dn), n. A bear-gar- 
den; a noisy, disorderly place: in allusion to 
the bear-garden so called on the Thames bank, 
London, kept by Robert de Paris in the reign 
of Richard II. (1377-99). 
Do you take the court for Paris-garden > ye rude slaves. 
Shak., Hen. VIII., v. 4. 2. 
So was he dry-nurs'd by a bear, . . . 
Bred up, where discipline most rare is, 
In military garden Paris. 
S. Butter, Hudibras, I. ii. 172. 
Paris green. See green 1 . 
parish (par'ish), . and a. [< ME. parighe, pa- 
rissche, parisshe, parisch, parysche, parych, pa- 
resche, parosche, parisse, parasite, parsche,<. OF. 
parosse, paroiche, paroche, parroche, paroice, ba- 
roche, F.paroisse = Sp. parroquia = Pg. parochia 
= It. parrocchin, < LL. parceeia, corruptly pa- 
rocAza,<LGr. napoiKia, an ecclesiastical district, 
< Gr. irapoiKof, neighboring, dwelling beside, < 
vapd, beside, + omof, house.] I. n. If. In the 
early Christian ch., a district placed under the 
superintendence of a bishop; a diocese. 
The Word Parochia or parish antiently signified what 
we now call the Diocese of a Bishop. 
Bourne's Pop. Antiq. (1777), p. 268. 
2. In Great Britain and Ireland, a district or 
territorial division, (a) Originally, an ecclesiastical 
district, the township or cluster of townships in the care 
of a single priest or pastor. 
Dametas for his part came piping and dancing, the mer- 
riest man in a parish. Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, i. 
We find the distinction of parishes, nay, even of mother- 
churches, so early as in the laws of King Edgar, about the 
year 970. Blackstone, Com., Int., iv. 112. 
In regard to Ecclesiastical jurisdiction, when the Popes 
assigned particular churches to each presbyter, and di- 
vided parishes among them, Honorius, archbishop of Can- 
terbury about the year 636, first began to separate parishes 
in England, as we read in the history of Canterbury. 
Camden, Britannia, p. clxxxix. 
In one of his drawers is the rich silk cassock presented to 
him by his congregation at Leatherhead (when the young 
curate quitted that parish for London duty). 
Thackeray, Newcomes, xi. 
(6) Now, also, a civil division of the country for purposes of 
local self-government, such as the legal care of the poor, 
education, the regulation of sanitary matters, etc. : it is In 
general conterminous with the ecclesiastical parish. At 
present there are in England and Wales about 13,000 ec- 
clesiastical parishes, and about 15,000 civil parishes, of 
which not more than 10,000 coincide with the ecclesiastical 
districts bearing the same name. In Scotland in 1888 there 
were 934 civil parishes or parishes proper (quoad omnia) 
and 386 parishes quoad sacra (that is, parishes in respect 
of things ecclesiastical only). There are several other 
minor classes of parishes, as the land-tax and Burial Act 
parishes in England, and the burghal and extra-burghal 
parishes in Scotland. 
3. In the United States : (.) In colonial times, 
in some of the southern colonies, a subdivision 
parishen 
of the county for purposes of local government. 
(b) One of the 58 territorial divisions of Louisi- 
ana, corresponding to the county in other States, 
(e) A local church or congregation and the geo- 
graphical limits, generally imperfectly defined, 
within which its local work is mainly confined. 
In the Protestant Episcopal Church the original form of the 
parish is more or less clearly adhered to, each diocese being 
as a rule divided into geographical parishes, and no new 
parish being formed or church established in cities without 
the consent of the three nearest parishes or congregations, 
(r/) An ecclesiastical society, not bounded by 
territorial limits, nor confined in its personnel 
to communicants, but composed of all those 
who choose to unite in maintaining Christian 
work and worship in a particular local church : 
used in this sense chiefly in New England. 
It was remarkable that, of all the busyfoodies and imper- 
tinent people in the parish, not one ventured to put the 
plain question to Mr. Hooper. 
Hawthorne, The Minister's Black Veil. 
4. The inhabitants or members of a parish; 
specifically, in the United Kingdom, those in- 
habitants of a parish who are entitled to vote 
in a parish election. 
Whan thi parisse is togidir mette 
Thou shall pronounce this idious thing, 
With crosse & candell and bell knylling. 
Myrc, Instructions for Parish Priests (E. E. T. S.), 1. 678. 
There 's the parish of Edmonton offers forty pounds 
there's the parish of St. Leonard, Shoreditch, offers forty 
pounds there 's the parish of Tyburn offers forty pounds : 
1 shall have all that if I convict them. 
Goldsmith, Answer to a Versified Invitation. 
All the highways within the parish mast be kept in re- 
pair by the parish, i. e. by the inhabitants who are rated 
to the poor (who pay poor-rates). 
Chambers's Encyc. (under parish). 
On the parish, at the parish charge ; dependent on pub- 
lic charity. 
He left 4 or 5 children on the parish. 
Aubrey, Lives of Eminent Men, II. 387. 
Quoad sacra parish, quoad omnia parish. See def. 
2 (b). To come upon the parish. Same as tocomeupon 
the town (b) (which see, under come). 
II. a. 1. Of or belonging to a parish; paro- 
chial : as, the parish church or minister ; par- 
ish records; the parish school. 
I seyde I nolde [would not] 
Be buryed at her hous, but at my parisshe cherche. 
Piers Plowman (B), xi. 64. 
After hours devoted to parish duty a clergyman is some- 
times allowed, you know, desipere in loco. 
Tluackeray, Newcomes, viii. 
2. Maintained by the parish or by public char- 
ity: as, parish poor. 
The ghost and the parish girl are entirely new charac- 
ters. Gay, The What d'ye Call it, Pref. 
3. Rustic; provincial. 
A crippled lad ... [who] coming turn'd to fly, 
But, scared with threats of jail and halter, gave 
To him that fluster'd his poor parish wits 
The letter which he brought. 
Tennyson, Aylmer's Field. 
Parish apprentice, constable, court, district. See 
the nouns Parish clerk. See clerk, 3. Parish lantern, 
the moon. HalliweU. Parish meeting, a meeting of 
the members of the parish or ecclesiastical society con- 
nected with a local church. [ If ew Eng. ] Parish priest, 
a priest in charge of a parish ; in Ireland, the principal 
Roman Catholic priest in a parish. Formerly, in Great 
Britain, parish priest was sometimes used to denote either 
a reader in a parish church, a curate, a vicar, or a rector. 
A. parish-priest was of the pilgrim -train; 
An awful, reverend, and religious man. 
Dryden, Character of a Good Parson, 1. 1. 
Parish system, a system by which a parish, or an ecclesi- 
astical society, is organized in connection with a local 
church, having coordinate powers and an associate voice in 
the selection of a pastor. See I., 3 (d\ above, and society. 
[New Eng.] Parish topt, a large top kept by the parish 
for the exercise and amusement of the peasantry. Nares. 
He 's a coward and a coystrill that will not drink to my 
niece till his brains turn o' the toe like a parish-top. 
Shak., T. N., i. 3. 44. 
I'll hazard 
My life upon it, that a boy of twelve 
Should scourge him hither like a parish-top, 
And make him dance before you. 
Beau, and Fl., Thierry and Theodoret, ii. 4. 
Parish watch, a parish constable. 
I must maintain a parish-watch against thieves and rob- 
bers, and give salaries to an overseer. 
Swift, Story of the Injured Lady. 
parishent, . [ME., also paroschian, parisshen, 
parisschen, parischen, parschen, also parochien ; 
< OF. parochien, parrochien, paroisien, parro- 
chienne, F. paroissien = Sp. parroquiano = Pg. 
parochiano = It. parrocchiano, < ML. paroehia- 
nus, one belonging to a parish, a parishioner, 
< LL. parochia, parcecia, parish : see parish. 
Cf. parochian, parochin. Hence parishioner.] 
A parishioner; also, parishioners collectively. 
He was also a lerned man, a clerk 
That Cristes gospel trewely wolde preche ; 
His parisshens devoutly wolde he teche. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 482. 
