parochial 
III jtinli critii i*ui h.iH been always more or lv*a parochial ; 
hi., never, iinlii:il, quire freed itself frcilll Sfi-lalian caul, 
and planted itself hoMc.stlynn tin- ;e>th, ti.- point of view. 
Lnutll, Study Windows, p. 122. 
Parochial board, in Scotland, a body of men In a parish 
elected by the payers nf poof rates to manage the relief 
of tile |M>or, a duty which in Midland is performed l,y 
overseers, anil in some cases by the guardians of the |*>oi. 
Parochial relief; relief afforded to paupers by the 
[mill authorities. 
parochialism (im-ro'ki-al-izm), n. [< parochial 
+ -ixnt.] 1. The management of the affairs 
of a parish by an elected vestry or parochial 
lioanl; the system of local government which 
makes the parish the unit. 
The contending theories of the scope of corporate gov- 
ernment might be described as a paroehialum and < i\i>ni 
Nineteenth Century, XX. 238. 
Hence 2. Provincialism; local narrowness 
of view ; narrow-mindedness. 
Parochialism . . . has been pretty well broken up by 
the press and the telegraph. Hardly anybody can now live 
In Intellectual isolation. Contemporary Reo,, XLVII. 320. 
parochiality (pa-ro-ki-al'i-ti), . [= Sp. par- 
roquialiddd = Pg. parochialidade = It. parroc- 
ehialitd; as parochial + -ity.] The state of be- 
ing parochial, in either sense. [Bare.] 
(This) would be for the Justices to take upon them, In 
effect to determine the parochiality of colleges. 
Dr. Marriott, Klghta of the Universities, p. 32. 
parochialize (pa-ro'ki-al-iz), v. t.; pret. and 
pp. piirurhiitli:ed, ppr.narochializing. [<.pa.ro- 
rhiiil + -i:u.] To render parochial; form into 
parishes. Also spelled parochialise. Imp, JHcl. 
parochially (pa-ro'ki-al-i), adv. In or by the 
parish ; as a parish ; parish by parish. 
The bishop was to visit his whole dlocess, parochially, 
every year. Sttilingjteet, Charge (1600X p. 32. 
parochiant (pa-ro'ki-an), a. and . [< ML. 
parocliianus, one belonging to a parish, prop, 
adj., < LL. parochia, torparvecia, a parish: see 
rrish. Cf. parishen, a doublet of paroi-liimi. j 
a. Of or pertaining to a parish ; parochial. 
A computation [Is] taken of alltheparocAton churches. 
Bacon, Considerations on Church of England. 
H. . A parishioner ; a rustic. 
May be some russet coat pamchian 
Shall call thee cousin, friend, or countryman. 
Bp. Hall, Satires, IV. 11. 76. 
If we examine their several stories, they will rather 
prove metropolitans than mere parochiam. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1836X II. 228. 
parochient, Same &s parishen. 
parocbin (par'6-shin), n. [A. var. of parinlien, 
q. v.] A parish. [Scotch/] 
parochinert, . A parishioner. [Scotch.] 
Many of the Parochiners, dwelling in rowmes of the 
parochiue, so remote. 
Actt Jamet VI., 1621, c. 6, Murray. (Jamieton.) 
parodet, . Same as parody 1 . 
All which In a parade. Imitating Virgil, we may set 
downe, but chiefely touching surfet. 
Optick Glaise qf Human (1639). (Sara. ) 
parodic (pa-rod'ik), a. [= F. parodigue = Sp. 
parAHoo = Pg. It. parodico,<. Or. jra^xfocor, bur- 
lesque, < irapv<Sia, parody: see parody 1 .'] Per- 
taining to parody; of the nature or in the spirit 
of parody. 
parodical (pa-rod'i-kal), o. [< parodic + -al.] 
Same as parodic. 
This version (Drant's tr. of Horace] Is very paraphras- 
tic, and sometimes parodical. 
f. Warton, Hist. Eng. Poetry, HI. 425. 
pariodinia (par'i-o-din'i-ft), . [NL., irreg.<;m- 
ri'i-i , bring forth, + Gr. orfi'i^, pain.] Dystocia. 
parodist (par'o-dist), n. [< F.parodiste = Pg. 
parotlista ; &s'parod-y + -ist.] The writer of a 
parody. 
The public tins long been agreed as to the merit of the 
most remarkable passages (of Milton |, the incomparable 
hnrmony of the numbers, and the excellence of that style 
which no rival has been able to equal, and no paroaitt to 
degrade. llacmday, Milton. 
The "Tom Hood" they cared for was . . . the delight- 
ful parodist, I he irrepressible and irresistible joker and 
Merry-Andrew. A. Dabvm (Ward's English Poets, IV. 681). 
parodizet (par'o-dlz), v. t. [< parod-y + 
To parody. 
I could parodue my Lord Carterel's letter from Dettin- 
gen if I had it by me. Shenstonc, Letters (1703), No. Mxi. 
parodos (par'o-dos), w. [NL.,< Gr. vdpoiof, a 
way by, passing, passage, entrance, gangway 
(see defs.), < vapa, by, + Mof, way, road. Cf. 
IHirndyV.] 1. IntheMc. (V/-. theater, oneof two 
passages at the two extremities of the stage, 
separating the stage-buildings from the cavea 
or auditorium, through which the chorus regu- 
larly entered the orchestra, and which served 
also as entrances for the public. 2. In the 
owe. ISr. drama : (a) The entrance of the cho- 
4297 
rus into tin- orchestra. (It) The song of the 
i-horiis. with iin accompaniment of dancing or 
rhythmical movement, on entering the orches- 
tra. 3. An external gallery or gangway, run- 
ning from stem to stern on each side of an 
ancient Greek war-ship, outside the bulwarks, 
and supported on brackets over the water, 
parody* (par'o-di), H.; pl./(ro</i>#(-diz). [For- 
niei-ly A\KO parodr ; = V.parixlic = Kp.parotlia 
= Pg. It. parotlia, < L. puroflia, < Gr. irapydVa, 
parody, < ira/>a, beside, + <rf>/, song, ode : see 
''''.] 1. A kind of literary composition in 
which the form and expression of grave or 
dignified writings are closely imitated, but are 
made ridiculous by the subject or method of 
treatment; a travesty that follows closely the 
form and expression of its original ; specifical- 
ly, a burlesque imitation of a poem, in which a 
trivial or humorous subject is treated in the 
style of a dignified or serious one: also ap- 
plied to burlesque musical works. 
They were satlrick poems, full of parodiet that Is, of 
verses patched up from great poets and turned Into an- 
other sense than their author Intended them. Dryden. 
The sublime parody of Cervantes, which cut short the 
whole race of knights-errant Pretcott, Ferd. and lu. , L 18. 
What wonder that Dryden should have been substitute! 
for Davenant as the butt of the " Rehearsal," and that the 
parody should have had such a run? 
Lmerll, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 27. 
2f. A popular maxim; a proverb. Wright. 
= Syn. 1. Burlesque, Travesty, etc. See caricature, 
parody 1 (par'o-di), r. t. ; pret. and pp. parodied, 
ppr. parodying. [= F. parodier = Pg. parodiar 
= It. /iaroaiare,parodare; from the noun.] To 
turn into a parody; write a parody upon: imi- 
tate, as a poem or song, in a ludicrous or ridicu- 
lous manner. 
I have translated, or rather parodied, a poem of Horace. 
Pope. 
All ... [Johnson's] peculiarities have been imitated by 
his admirers and parodied by his assailants till the public 
has become sick of the subject. 
Macaulay, Boswell's Johnson. 
parody 2 (par'o-di), n.; pi. parodies (-diz). [ME., 
< Gr. xifoiof, passage : see parodos.} Passage ; 
passing away. 
Amonge al this, the fyne of the parodye 
Of Ector gan approchen wonder blyve. 
Chaucer, Troilus, v. 1548. 
parcecious (pa-re'shius), a. [< Gr. irapoiicof, 
dwelling beside or near, < irapa, beside, + oucoc, 
house.] In hot., having the two sexes devel- 
oped beside or near each other, as, for example, 
in the Henaticx, when the antheridia are situ- 
ated in the axils of bracts near the arche- 
gouia, or when both organs are naked on the 
dorsal surface of the same stem. Also paroi- 
6MK 
parceciously (pa-re'shius-li), adv. In a paroe- 
cious manner. 
paroeciousness (pa-re'shius-nes), n. In bot., 
the state or condition of being paroecious. 
paroecism (pa-re'sizm), . [< parac-ious + 
-iswi.] Same as paroeciousness. 
parcemiograplier (pa-re-mi-og'ra-fer), . [< 
Gr. Tta/Mifiia, a byword, a proverb, + ypafetv, 
write.] A writer of proverbs. 
What else can we infer of the enigmatic wisdom of the 
sages, when the royal paraemioffrapher (Solomon) classes 
among their studies that of " understanding a proverb and 
the Interpretation f " /. D' Israeli, Curios, of tit.. III. S57. 
A work of the parcemioyraphtr Demon. 
Amer. Jour. Philol., X. 110. 
paroicous (pa-roi'kus), a. [< Gr. vapomof, dwell- 
ing beside: see paraecious.'] Same as paroe- 
ciovs. 
paroissien (pa-rwo-si-an'), B. [F. : see par- 
ixltcn.] In JPrencli law, an inhabitant or a mem- 
ber of a parish. 
parol, . and a. See parole. 
par ole ( pa-rol' ) , and a . [Formerly also parol, 
/HI mil (parol being still common in legal use) ; 
< F. parole = Sp.palabra = Pg. palarra = It. 
narola, a word (Sp. Pg. parola, loquacity), < 
ML. parabola, a word, speech, LL. parable, etc. ; 
see parable^. Cf. par/.] I. n. 1. A word or 
words ; word of mouth ; oral utterance or state- 
ment ; language ; text. 
I do despise ye all ! ye have no mercy, 
And wanting that, ye are no gods ! your parole 
Is only preach'd abroad to make fools fearful, 
And women, made of awe, believe your heaven ! 
Fletcher, Valentinian, T. 2. 
Acqnlted by the eipresse parol of the statute. 
Martton, The Fawne, v. 
If his great Seal without the Parlament were not suf- 
ficient to create Lords, his Parole must needs be fan* more 
unable to create learned and religious men. 
Milton, Eikonoklastes, xv. 
paronomasia 
2. Word of honor ifiven or pledged; solemn 
promise; plighted I'M it h; specifically, a formal 
promise or pledge given by a prisoner of war 
that he will not try to escape if allowed to go 
about at liberty, or that, if released, he will re- 
turn to custody at a certain time if not previ- 
ously discharged, or that he will not bear arms 
against his captors within a stated period, as 
during the existing wur. In civilized warfare the 
breaking of parole Is regarded as an Infamous transgres- 
sion, and an officer so offending may not expect quarter 
should he again fall Into the hands of the enemy. 
Love's votaries Inthrale each other's soule, 
Till both of them live but upon parule. 
Beaumulit, The Antlplxtoni.-. 
I have a scruple whether you can keep your paroU If 
you become a prisoner to the ladies. Suijt. 
This man had forfeited his military parole. Macaulay. 
3. Milit., a word or words given out every day 
in orders by a commanding officer, in camp or 
garrison, by which friends may be distinguished 
from enemies. It differs from the countersign In that 
the latter is given to all guards, while the parole is given 
only to officers of the guard, or to those who Inspect the 
guard. 
Classical quotation Is the parole of literary men all over 
the world. Johnton (1781), In Boswell. 
4. In law: (a) Oral declarations; word of mouth. 
(6)The pleadings in a suit. 
n. a. 1. Given by word of mouth; oral; not 
written: opposed to documentary, or given by 
affidavit : as, parole evidence. 
In this splendid City of Florence there may be many 
Rarities, which if I should insert In this Letter, It would 
make her swell too big ; and indeed they are fitted for pa- 
rol Communication. Hutnll, Letters, L L 41. 
You bear your mother? she leaves you to ine. 
By her will paroU, and that Is as good. 
To all Intents of law, as 'twere in writing. 
Sir Jt. Stapyltan, The Slighted Maid, p. 68. (Nartt.) 
Proofs (to which In common speech the name of evi- 
dence Is usually confined) are either written or parol, that 
U by word of mouth. Blaclcttone, Com., IIL xxlli. 
The parole evidence of no associate can weigh against 
his written manifest, xtedwau, Poeta of America, p. 142. 
2. Not given or executed under seal: either 
verbal or written, but without seal : as, a pa- 
role contract. This use, which originated when a writ- 
Ing not under seal was not allowed to be proved to a jury, 
Is now practically obsolete. 
All contracts are, by the laws of England, distinguished 
into agreements by specialty and agreements by parol; 
and if an agreement be merely written, and no specialty, 
It Is an agreement by parol, and a consideration must be 
proved. Bollard r. Walker, 3 Johnson's Cases, 65 (1802). 
Flea of parole demurrer, same as age-prayer. 
parole (pa-rol'), v. t.; pret. and pp. paroled, 
ppr. paroling. [<. parole, n.] To accept a pa- 
role from; allow to go about at liberty on 
parole. See parole, n. 
The President by this act has paroled all the slaves in 
America ; they will no more flght against us. 
l.i'/> /.on. Emancipation Proclamation. 
parole-arrest (pa-rol'a-rest'), n. In laic, an ar- 
rest authorized by a justice by word of mouth. 
parolistt, . [< parole + -tsf.] A person given 
to talking much bombastically. T. Wright, Pas- 
sions of the Mind (1621), p. 112. (Hallttcell.) 
parolivary (pa-rol'i-va-ri), a. [< Gr. itapa, be- 
side, + E. olivary.] 'Situated near or beside 
the olivary body of the brain Parolivary body, 
the external accessory olivary nucleus. See nudeui. 
paromology (par-o-mol'o-ji), . [< Gr. irapo- 
uotjoyia, partial admission, < jropo/jo/ojfiv, admit 
beside, < -apd, beside, + i>uol.irytlv, admit: see 
homologous.] In rhet., a figure by which an 
orator concedes something to an adversary in 
order to strengthen his own argument. 
paromphalocele (pa-rom'fa-16-sel), n. [< Gr. 
xapa, beside, + i>/iQa).6<;, navef, + Kifti), tumor.] 
Hernia near the navel. 
paronlria (par-o-ni'ri-jl), w. [NL., < Gr. irapd, 
beside, + tveipof, a dream.] Morbid dreaming. 
paronomasia (par'o-no-ma'si-ft), . [< L. pa- 
ronomasia, < Gr. Trapovofiaaia, a slight change in 
the form or use of a word, a pun, < irapovopafnv, 
form a word by a slight change, < irapa, beside, 
+ ovo/idffiv, name, < ivo/ia, name.] In rhet., the 
use of words similar in sound but different in 
meaning, so as to give a certain antithetical 
force to the expression; also, the use of the 
same word in different senses: a play upon 
words. Also paronomasy. Seopun. 
The seeming contradiction of a poor antithesis ; . . . 
the jingle of a more poor parunanuuia. 
Dryden, To Sir R. Howard. 
My learned friend had dined that day with Mr. Swan, 
the famous punster ; and desiring him to give me some ac- 
count of .Mr. Swan's conversation, he told me that he gen- 
erally talked in the Parnnomatia, that he sometimes gave 
into the Ploce, but that In his humble opinion he shlned 
most In the AnUnaclasls. Additon, Spectator, No. 61. 
-Syn. Auonance, etc. See pun. 
