par-rational 
par-rational (par -rash' on -al), a. [< L. par, 
equal, + rationalis, rational.] Equally reason- 
able. [Kare.] 
I know no difference in these Essentially between Mon- 
archies, Aristocracies, or Democracies ; the rule will be 
found par-ratioiuUl, say Schoolmen and Pretonans what 
they will. N. Ward, Simple Cobler, p. 55. 
parrel (par'el), n. If. Same nsparen. 2. The 
rope or chain by which the middle of a yard is 
fastened to the mast; a breast-rope or breast- 
chain. Also parral. 
The parrels, lifts, and clue lines soon are gone; 
Topp'd and unrigg'd, they down the back stays run. 
Falconer, Shipwreck, ii. 
3. In arch., a chimney-piece; the ornaments 
or dressing of a fireplace Parrel-lashing, the 
lashing by which the two eyes of a rope parrel are secured 
together. 
parrelt, '. t. A variant of parel 1 . 
parrel-rope (par'el-rop), . Same as parrel, 2. 
parrel-truck (par'el-truk), . Small wooden 
balls strung on the jaw-rope of a gaff or the 
parrel of a yard to obviate friction in hoist- 
ing. 
parrhesia (pa-re'si-a), n. [NL., < Gr. irappr/oia, 
frankness, < napd, beside, -t- pijaif, speech, < freiv, 
flow, ipelv, say.] In riwt., frankness or boldness 
of speech; reprehension; rebuke. 
parrnesy(par'e-si),M. [<NL.^>arrfee?'a.] Same 
asparrnesia. lip. Gauden, Tears of the Church, 
p. 274. 
parricidal (par'i-si-dal), a. [= Pg. parricidal 
= It. parricidiale, < L. parricidalis, also parri- 
cidialis, < parrieida, a parricide : see parricide 1 .'] 
1. Of or pertaining to parricide; involving the 
crime of murdering a parent. 
A war with England would be bold at least, though par- 
ricidal. Sumner, True Grandeur of Nations. 
2. Guilty of parricide. 
On brothers' and on fathers' empty beds 
The killers lay their parricidal heads. 
May, tr. of Lucan, vii. 
parricide 1 (par'i-sid), n. [Formerly also pari- 
cide; < F. parricide = Sp. Pg. It. parrieida, < L. 
parrieida, a murderer of one's father or mother, 
or of a near relative, or of the chief magistrate 
or a free citizen, a murderer, assassin, OL. 
paricidas; prob. an assimilated form (with ex- 
tended meaning) of *patricida, < pater (pair-), 
father, + -ado, < aedere, kill. Of. patricide^.] 
1. One who murders his father or mother. 
I told him the revenging gods 
'Gainst parricidei did all their thunders bend. 
Shale., Lear, ii. 1. 48. 
Witch ! parricide! 
For thou, in taking leave of modesty, 
Hast kfll'd thy father, and his honour lost. 
Fletcher, Double Marriage, v. 4. 
Britain her Safety to your Guidance owns, 
That she can sep rate Parricides from Sons. 
Prior, Presented to the King (1696). 
2. One who murders any ancestor or any one 
to whom he owes reverence ; also, in old use, 
one who kills his child. 
And thus was Solyman murderer and parricide of his own 
sonnes : which was in the yeare of our Lord 1552. 
F axe, Martyrs, p. 693. 
We most earnestly request your Majesty That deserved 
Punishment may be speedily inflicted upon those Parri- 
cides, . . . who have not only presum'd to wound our selves 
through his sides, but have also dar'd to stab as it were to 
the very Heart your Faith of Word and Royal Honour. 
Milton, Letters of State, June 28, 1650. 
parricide 2 (par'i-sid), n. [< P. parricide = Sp. 
Pg. It. parricidio, (. L. parricidium, the murder 
of one's father, (.pater, father, + -cidium, < cse- 
dere, kill. Cf. JMHTfoMe 1 .] The murder of a 
parent or of one to whom reverence is due. 
We hear, our bloody cousins are bestow'd 
In England and in Ireland, not confessing 
Their cruel parricide. Shak., Macbeth, iii. 1. 32. 
By the Roman law parricide, or the murder of one's pa- 
rents or children, was punished in a much severer manner 
than any other kind of homicide. 
Blackstone, Com., IV. xiv. 
parricidioust (par-i-sid'i-us), a. [< L. parri- 
cidium, parricide (see parricide^), + -QMS.] Same 
as parricidal. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., iii. 16. 
Parridse (par'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Parra + 
-ides.'] A family of charadriomorphic gralla- 
torial birds, named from the genus Parra; the 
jacanas and their allies. It is characterized by the 
extreme development of the toes, and especially of the 
claws, which results in a spread of foot enabling the birds 
to run with ease over the floating vegetation of the marsh- 
es and swamps which they inhabit. Parra or Jacana is 
the American representative of the family; Old World 
forms are Metopodiits, Hydralector, and Hydrophasianus. 
See cuts under Hydrophasianus and jacana. 
parritch, parridge, n. Dialectal (Scotch) forms 
of porridge. 
4300 
parr-marks (piir'marks), . pi The appear- 
ance of cross-bars on salmon-fry about two 
mouths old. Morris. See cut at parr. 
parrock (par'ok), . [< ME. parroJe. < AS. 
pearroc, park: see park. Cf. paddock^.] 1. 
An inclosure ; a park ; a croft or small field. 
[Prov. Eng.] 
Parrocke, a lytell parke, parquet. Palsgrave. 
2f. See the quotation. 
When the baylifl or beadle of the Lord held a meeting 
to take an account of rents and pannage in the weilds of 
Kent, such meeting was called a .parock. 
Kenmtt MS. (BaUiwdl.) 
parrockt (par'ok), v. t. [< ME. parroken, par- 
rokken ; <parrock, n. CLpark, .] To inclose 
or shut in ; park. 
Paul primus heremita hadde parroked hym-selue, 
That no man myghte se hym for muche mos and leues. 
Piers Plowman (C), xviii. 18. 
parroquet (par'o-ket), n. Same as parrakeet. 
parrot (par'ot),' . [Formerly also parrote, 
parret, parrat, parat; supposed to be, like F. 
pierrot, a sparrow, < F. Perrot, Pierrot, dim. of 
Pierre, Peter, < L. Petrus, < Gr. Herpof, Peter, < 
^T/>o?, a rock: see pier. Cf. Sp. perico, a par- 
rot. >ult. E. parrakeet: see parrakeet. Ct.pet- 
rel*-, mag 1 , magpie, jack 1 , 10, jackdaw, robin, 
etc., names of birds from names of persons.] 
1. Any bird of the family Psittacidse or order 
Psittaci; a zygodactyl scansorial bird with a 
cered and hooked bill. Parrot is the general name 
of all such birds, various kinds of them being called 
cockatoos, macaws, parrakeets, lories, and by many other 
parrotry 
And wandring thus certain daies in these unknowen 
seas, hunger constrained vs to eate hides, cats and dogs, 
mice, rats, parrots, and munkies. 
Ilakluyts Voyai/es, III. 473. 
Hence 2. A mere repeater of the words or 
actions of another Fir-tree parrot. See fir-tree. 
(See also sea-parrot.) 
parrot (par'ot), v. [< parrot, .] I. trans. To 
say or repeat by rote or not understaudingly, 
like a parrot; repeat mechanically; also, to 
imitate like a parrot. 
The verb experience is, to Mr. White, parroting Dean 
Alford, altogether objectionable. 
F. Ball, False Philol., p. 81. 
II. intrans. 1. To chatter as a parrot. 
Put you in mind in whose presence you stand ; if you 
parrot to me long go to. Chapman, Widow's Tears, v. 6. 
2. To repeat, parrot-like, what one has heard 
or been taught. 
Passages of great musical effect, metrical bravuras, are 
absolutely vulgarized by too perpetual a parroting. 
De Quiiuey, Style, iii. 
parrotbeak (par'ot-bek), . A plant of the 
genus Clianthus, especially C. punicew. 
parrot-bill (par'ot-bil), n. A form of the mar- 
tel-de-fer, similar to the falcon-bill. 
parrot-bullfinch (par'ot -bullfinch), n. Any 
Asiatic bird of the genus Paradoxornis : so 
called from the character of the bill. 
parrot-coal (par'ot-kol), . A variety of coal 
which crepitates while burning, as cannel-coal. 
parrot-crossbill (par'ot-kros'bil), . A kind 
of parrot-finch, Loxia pityopsittacus. 
paiTOter (par'ot-er), n. One who merely repeats 
what has been learned by rote ; one who servile- 
ly adopts the language or opinions of others. 
The sons of eminent fathers, who have spared no pains 
in their education, so often grow up mere parroters of 
what they have learnt, incapable of using their minds ex- 
cept in the furrows traced for them. 
J. S. Mai, Autobiography, p. 31. 
parrot-finch, (par'ot-finch), n. A fringilline 
bird of the genus Loxia ; one of the crossbills 
called fir-tree parrots. There is something suggestive 
of a parrot in the manners of these birds and the way they 
handle seeds with their peculiar bills ; one of them, Loxia 
pttyopsittacus, is the parrot-crossbill. 
parrot-fish (par'ot-fish), n. A name given to 
various fishes, principally of the families Labri- 
dse and ScaridtBj on account of their colors or the 
shape of their jaws, (a) The species generally of the 
Gray Parrot (Psittacus erythacus). 
more specific names. When used in a stricter sense, it 
usually refers to Old World birds of moderate or rather 
large size, of stout build, with strong beak, fleshy tongue, 
and short square tail, as in the restricted genus Psittacus, 
of which the African P. ei-ythacus, of a gray color with a 
bright-red tail, is a characteristic example and one of the 
commonest of cage-birds. The natural cries of parrots 
are, as a rule, extremely loud and harsh ; but many of the 
fleshy-tongued species can be taught to articulate words 
and even sentences in a perfectly intelligiblemanner. Most 
parrots are expert climbers, and in scrambling about use 
the bill as well as the feet, the upper mandible being pecu- 
liarly movable. The tongue in some species is also used 
as an organ of touch, almost of prehension, objects being 
often held and handled between the tip of the tongue and 
the hook of the beak. These birds are mostly vegetarian, 
feeding upon seeds and especially soft fruits, but some 
are carnivorous. Their temper is uncertain, though sev- 
eral kinds exhibit the most affectionate and gentle dispo- 
sition, at least toward one another. In size and shape 
parrots differ greatly, more than is usual among the rep- 
resentatives of any one family of birds : some of the small- 
est species are no larger than sparrows, as those of the 
genus Nasitema, while the great macaws attain a length of 
about three feet. Their coloration is equally diversified : 
some are black or gray ; some are snowy-white ; green is 
the most characteristic color ; yellow, red, and blue, often 
of the most brilliant tone, are very common ; and many 
parrots a^e variegated with all these colors. The sexes 
are usually colored alike. Gaudiness of coloration reaches 
its extreme in the macaws, while the most beautiful and 
dainty tinting is common among the lories, and plain or 
somber shades are exceptional throughout the order. Of 
parrots of all kinds there are about 350 species, classed in 
from 25 to 100 genera according to the views of different 
ornithologists. They abound in all tropical countries, 
but seldom extend into temperate countries, except Aus- 
tralia and New Zealand. In round numbers, the geo- 
graphical distribution of parrots is as follows : America is 
richest in species, having 150, only one of which occurs 
in the United States, though two or three others come 
nearly or quite to the Mexican border ; the Moluccas and 
Papuan islands have 80 species, Australia 60, and Polynesia 
30 ; 25 are African ; and 20 are peculiar to Asia. See also 
cuts under cockatoo, Conurtts, corella, Euphema, nuicau; 
Melopsittacus, and parrakeet. 
I think the best grace of wit will shortly turn into si- 
lence, and discourse grow commendable in none only but 
parrots. Shak., M. of V., iii. 5. 51. 
The Parrot-fish Si-arus squalidus. 
family Standee, common in tropical seas, (b) Various spe- 
cies of the labroid genus Labrichthys, especially L. psitta- 
cula (New Zealand, Tasmania, Australia), (c) Species of 
the labroid genus Platygloams, especially P. radiatm, the 
blue parrot-fish (Florida), also called Uueflsh and doncella. 
See Uvffsh, 5. (d) A blennioid fish, the shanny, Wennirn 
pholis (Ireland). () One of certain gymnodonts. See Gym- 
nodontes and rabbit-fish. 
parrot-flower (par'at-flou'er), n. See herb-lily. 
parrot-green (par'ot-gren), . A rather yellow- 
ish green of high chroma but somewhat reduced 
luminosity, having a rich effect. 
parrot-greenfinch (par'ot-gren' / finch), n. A 
book-name of Psittirostr'a psittacea, a kind of 
sunbird inhabiting the Sandwich Islands. See 
Psittirostra. 
parrotize (par'ot-iz), v. i.; pret. and pp. par- 
rotized,^fr.pafrotizing. [(parrot + -ize.~\ To 
speak as a parrot; become like a parrot. [Rare.] 
He that to Parrots speaks must parrotize. 
If. Ward, Simple Cobler, p. 26. 
parrot-lawyer (par'ot-ia'yer), 11. A lawyer who 
servilely echoes his clients' opinions. [Rare.] 
They have their ban-dogs, corrupt solicitors, parrot- 
lawyers, that are their properties and mere trunks, where- 
by they inform and plead before justice against justice. 
Rev. T. Adams, Works, I. 16. 
parrotry (par'ot-ri), . [< parrot + -n/.] The 
habit or act of parroting; imitation, as by a 
parrot, of words ; especially, servile imitation. 
Confessions of sin so rollicking and glib as to denote a 
wholly unsubdued natural force within, and avouch them- 
selves a mere unprincipled parrotry of sacred utterances. 
//. James, Subs, and Shad., p. 182. 
Men . . . agreed in forswearing . . . the supine parrot- 
ry which had formed so important an ingredient of their 
education. F. Hall, Mod. Eng., p. 150. 
