particularism 
3. lu tlienL, the doctrine that, divine grace is 
provided only Cor the particular individuals 
chosen by Gfod to tic its recipients, an opposed 
to the doctrine that his praco is freely and 
equally offered to all upon condition of its ac- 
ceptance in and by faith. 
particularist (piir-tik'ii-ljir-ist), n. [=V.yar- 
lii-iil<irixii- = U. /xii'licnltiriata; as particular + 
-i.*t. ] One whose opinions and conduct arc 
characterized by particularism, in any of its 
Menses; specifically, one who seeks to promote 
the interests of individual members of a po- 
litical confederation as against those of the 
whole; in recent German history, one who de- 
sired to preserve the individuality in laws, etc., 
of the states annexed to Prussia in 1860, or of 
those states under Prussian influence. 
Their Royal Highnesses the Duke of Cambridge and (In 
a less degree) the Prince of Wales are looked upon as 
friends of the Hanoverian partirularixt*, and are said to 
be not too popular in certain circles at Berlin. 
Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XLI. 17. 
The most rigid partieularist could discern no violation 
cither of the spirit or the letter of the Constitution. 
If. A. Bets., CXLII. 886. 
particularistic (p>ir-tik"u-lft-ris'tik), a. [<par- 
tii'iilnrixt + -ic.] Characterized by or partak- 
ing of particularism, in any of its senses ; con- 
cerning or restricted to a particular race, com- 
munity, body of persons, etc., as distinguished 
from general or universal ; specifically, seeking 
to promote or favoring the interests of a par- 
ticular member of a political confederation, as 
opposed to the interest of the whole; relat- 
ing to the recent German particularists. 
In calling nomistic religions, like Judaism and Matda- 
ism, particularistic or national, we do not mean to say that 
they are exclusive in character, and that they have not tried 
to spread beyond the boundaries of the race and the na- 
tion to which they belonged originally. 
Encyc. Brit., XX. Ml 
Prussia has . . . become an object of hatred to the par- 
ticidaristic, ... or what might be called the "state's 
rights," element in Bavaria, '/'/ Atlantic, Mill. 464. 
particularity (par-tik-u-lar'i-ti), n. ; pi. par- 
ticularities (-tiz). [< F. particularity = Sp. par- 
ticiilnriil/nl = |y. jxirlii-i/liti'iilnili- = It. iKirlii-n- 
laritd, particularity, < ML. particularita(t-)s, < 
LL. particularis, particular: see particular.] 
1. The state or character of being particular, 
(a) Minuteness of detail. 
The particularity of the miracle will give occasion to 
him to suspect the truth of what it discovers. 
Abp. Sharp, Works, I. vt 
The last of the royal chronicles that it Is necessary to 
notice with much particularity is that of John the Second. 
Ticknor, .Spanish Lit, I. 168. 
(6) Singleness; Individuality. 
The doctrine concerning all variety and particularity of 
things. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 161. 
(c) Minute attention to detail ; fusslness. (d) The essen- 
tial character or quantity of a particular proposition. 
2. That which is particular, (a) A detail ; a minute 
circumstance; a particular. 
With all the thousand Partictdaritiet which attend those 
whom low Fortunes and high Spirit make Malccontents. 
Steele, Grief A-la-Mode, It 1. 
A long letter, . . . full of the Diet fabulas, and such par- 
ticularities as do not usually find place in newspapers. 
Swift, Letter, March 22, 1708-9. 
i M > Individual or private matter, affair, concern, or inter- 
est 
Let the general trumpet blow his blast, 
Particularities and petty sounds 
To cease ! Shale., 2 Hen. VI., v. 2. 44. 
They have requested further time to conferr with them 
that are to be interessed in this action about* y several! 
particularities which In y prosecution therof will fall out 
considerable. 
Sir E. Saiutyg, in Bradford's Plymouth Plantation, p. 81. 
(c) Peculiarity ; singularity ; singular or peculiar feature 
or characteristic. 
She admires not herself for any one particularity, but 
for all. B. Jonton, Cynthia's Bevels, It 1. 
Several other of the old knight's particularttiti break 
out upon these occasions. Additon, Sir Roger at Church. 
No man ought to be tolerated in an habitual humour, 
whim, or pui-tii-iifun't't of behaviour by any who do not 
wait upon him for bread. Steele, Spectator, No. 438. 
Fallacy of Illicit particularity, see fallacy. = Syn. 1. 
Exactness, preclseness. 
particularization (pSr-tik'u-lftr-i-za'shon), n. 
[= F. pwNMtorfMMN = It. pafticularizzazione, 
partirHlariz:a:inne ; a,s particularize + -ation.] 
The act of particularizing. Also spelled far- 
ticitlarixatioii. 
This power of particidarization (for it is as truly a power 
as generalization) is what gives such vigor and greatness 
to single lines and sentiments of Wordsworth. 
Loicell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 240. 
particularize (piir-tik'u-lar-iz), r. ; pret. and 
pp. particularised, ppr. 'partifulari:i>ii/. [< F. 
IMtrtii-nliirixi'r = Sp. particularism- = IV- /""'- 
ticithirixar = It. particularizzare, particoturi;- 
4307 
:arr; as particular + -i:e.] I. trnnx. 1. To 
specify or mention with details; give the par- 
ticulars of; enumerate or specify in detail; 
also, to render particular or detailed. 
The numbers I particularized are about thirty-six mil- 
lions. Burke, Vind. of Nat Society. 
Von can not particularize a definition so as to exhaust 
any sensible object, since that object stands In relation to 
every other thing In the world. 
F. B. Bradley, Ethical Studies, p. 135. 
There are also several Important reviews of books, which 
we cannot varticularite. 
The Academy, Dec. 28, 1889, p. 426. 
2. To single out for mention ; make particular 
mention of. 
When the clergyman in the Thanksgiving particularized 
those who desired now to "oiler up then* praises and 
thanksgiving for late mercies vouchsafed to them," once 
more Philip Firmln said "Amen," on his knees, and with 
all his heart. Thackeray, Adventures of Philip, lit 
II. intrans. To mention or give particulars 
or details ; be particular as opposed to general ; 
specifically, to mention or be attentive to single 
things or to small matters. 
Now If the Spirit conclude collectively, and kept the 
same Tenor all the way for we see not where he portion - 
lariiei then certainly hee must begin collectively, else 
the construction can bee neither Orammatticall nor Logl- 
call. Milton, On Def. of Humh. Rernonst 
He continued In that particularizing manner which dis- 
tinguished him " We are now close upon the Norwegian 
coast in the sixty-eighth degree of latitude." 
foe, Prose Tales, I. 162. 
But why particularize, defend the deed ? 
Say that I hated her for no one cause 
Beyond my pleasure so to do what then ? 
Brmrniny, King and Book, II. 276. 
Also spelled particularise. 
particularly (par-tik'u-lar-li), adv. 1. In a 
particular manner ; with specific or special ref- 
erence or distinctness; especially. 
To confer with the Emperor about Matters of great 
Importance, and particularly about War to be made in 
France. Baker, Chronicles, p. 273. 
2. In an especial manner; in a high or great 
degree : as, to be particularly unfortunate. 
His virtues as well as imperfections are, as It were, 
tinged by a certain extravagance which makes them par- 
ticularly his, and distinguishes them from those of other 
men. Addun t Sir Roger at Home. 
Besides this tale, there Is another of his [Chaucer's] own 
invention, after themanner of the Provencals, called "The 
Flower and the Leaf," with which I was . . . particularly 
pleased. Dryden, fret, to Fables. 
particularmentt (par-tik'u-l&r-ment), n. [< 
particular + -meat.] A detail; a particular. 
Upon this universal! Ogdoas 
Is founded ever)- particularment. 
Dr. II. More, Song of the Soul, It 16. 
particularness (piir-tik'u-lfir-nes), H. 1. The 
character of being particular; particularity; 
individuality. 2. Nice attention to detail ; fas- 
tidiousness; fussiness. 
You're getting to be your aunt's own niece, I see, for 
particularncm. George Eliot, Adam Bede, 1. 
particulatet (pr-tik'u-lat), v. [< ML. parti- 
i- a In /u.i. pp. of particulare, particularize, < L. 
particula, a part, particle: see particle."] I. 
tntrans. To make mention singly. 
parting-line 
partile (piir'til), n. [< LL. parlilix, divisible, 
Millie, <L. pur* (/uirt-). part : sec/wirt.] Exact 
to a degree: said of a celestial aspect: opposed 
to jilntic. Partlle conjunction*. See coniuncti"it. 
partim (piir'timj, ailr. [L.] In MM., partly; 
in part : noting names of species, genera, and 
other groups which are inexactly synonym*. i^. 
Abbreviated p. and pt. 
partimen (jiiir'ti-men), n. [Pr., < ML. /<<';// /< 
IHHI, division, partition, < L. purlin; divide: 
see part, r.] A form of poetic debate or con- 
test among the medieval minstrels of Provence 
in Franco. See the quotation. 
The partimen . . . Is alto a poetic debate, but It differs 
from the tenson In so far that the range of debate Is limit- 
ed. In the first stanza one of the partners propose* two 
alternatives ; the other partner chooses one of them and 
ilrfi-nds it, and the opposite side remains to tie defended 
liy the original propoundcr. Often In a final couplet a 
judge or arbiter Is appointed to decide between the par- 
ties. Encyc. Brit., XIX. 876. 
partimento (piir-ti-men'to), n. [It., < ML. 
partintentum, division, partition: see partimen.'] 
In music, a figured bass used for exercises in 
counterpoint, or in playing accompaniments at 
sight. 
parting (piir'ting), n. [< ME. parting, partynae ; 
verbaTn. of part, .] 1. The act of separating 
or dividing ; separation, (a) Departure ; leave-tak- 
ing ; separation from friends. 
And there were sudden parting*, such as press 
The life from out young hearts. 
Byron, Chllde Harold, lit 24. 
(of) A going hence ; death : sometimes hencr-partimj. 
Percen with a pater-noster the paleys of heuene, 
And passen purgatorie penaunceles at her hennet-part- 
vnge, 
In-to the bllsse of pared} s. Pirn Plmrman (B), X. 462. 
Would I were she 1 
For such a way to die, and such a blessing, 
Can never crown my parting. 
Beau, and Fl., Thierry and Theodoret, Iv. 1. 
(c) In paper-mating, the operation of separating the damp 
sheets, (d) In imiirl. , the separation of gold and silver 
from earn other by means of an acid. Both nitric and 
sulphuric acids are used for this purpose, the latter more 
generally ; but parting by nitric acid Is a process which 
has been In use for many centuries. () In mineral., a sepa- 
ration of a mineral into layers due not to cleavage, but to 
some other cause, as the presence of thin lamella?, formed 
by twinning, as, for example, In pyroxene, tltanite, etc. 
(/) In comb-tnalcing, a method by which, In order to save 
material, two combs are cut from a single piece of shell 
but little wider than a single comb. The cutter used 
has a vertical motion upon the blank, which has an Inter- 
mittent feed beneath It, and receives a succession of cuts, 
the teeth of one comb being cut from the Interdental 
spaces of the other. K. II. Knight. 
2. A point or place of separation or division. 
The king of Babylon stood at the parting of the way, at 
the head of the two ways, to use divination. Ezek. xxi. 21 . 
(a) In geol., a thin seam of clay or shale separating the 
thicker beds of rock. (6) In founding : (1) The meeting sur- 
faces of the sand rammed up In the cope and In the drag. 
(2) Parting-sand. 
3. The division of the hair on the head in 
dressing it. 
His hair was cut short on the top, and lay on the bead 
without parting. Encyc. Brit., VI. 45S. 
4. That which parts or divides. 6f. Share; 
fellowship; participation. 
For what parting of rightwysnesse with wickidnesse? 
Wydi/, 2 Cor. vt 14. 
HTo^l2SSi% parting-cup (pUr'tinpkup). n. 1. A drinking- 
cup having two handles on opposite sides, as dis- 
tinguished from lot- 
II. trans. To particularize; mention. Fen- 
ton. 
They pretended out of their commlsserations to referre 
him to the Councell In England to receine a check, rather 
then by particularity his designes make him so odious to 
the world as to touch his life. 
Quoted in Capt. John SmiOt'i Works, I. 162. 
particulate (piir-tik'u-lat), a. [< ML. particu- 
latus, pp. of particulare : see particulate, r.] 1 . 
Having the form of a small particle; taking 
the form of particles. 
On heating the solution gradually a little coalescence 
appeared, but it did not become particulate even at the 
boiling point Green, Proc. Roy. Soc., XL. 32. 
The virus (of the cholera-germ] Is particulate, and. as 
Indicated by Its self-multiplication within the affected 
person, is a living organism. Pop. So. Mo., XXV. 829. 
Chanvean was the first to prove experimentally that In 
vaccinia and In variola the active principle Is a particulale 
non-ditfusable substance. 
Klein, Micro-Organlsnis and Disease, p. 46. 
2. Of or pertaining to particles ; produced by 
particles, as minute germs. 
A characteristic of contagium, due to Its particulate na- 
ture, is that dilution lessens the chance of infect inn, but 
has little effect upon the case if the disease be taken. 
Quoin, Med. Diet, p. 397. 
To express this aspect of Inheritance, where particle 
proceeds from particle, we may conveniently describe it 
as particulate. F. Gotten, Science, VI. 273. 
partiet, . An obsolete spelling of party*. 
ing-cup, which usu- 
allv has more. 2. 
A kind of cup, made 
with new ale and 
sherry, sweetened, 
to which soda-water 
is added immediate- 
ly before drinking. 
parting-fellowt 
(par'ting-fel'6), 
.- 
< parting + fellotc.] 
A partner. 
Thise scorneres been 
partyng-felairee with the 
devil. 
Chaucer, Parson's Tale. 
parting-glass (par'- 
ting-glas), n. A 
glass flask used in 
assaying for dis- 
solving Silver from Paittng-cup. Old Englteh potter? 
itsmixture with gold. 
parting-line (piir'ting-lin), n. In founding, a 
line upon a pattern as it lies embedded in the 
sand, below which the draw of the pattern is 
upward, and above which the draw is down- 
ward. In most cases this line Is undulatory ; the surface 
