partner 
(a) One who Is associated with another in some game or 
amusement : ( 1 ) I Inc w ho plays on tin- same hide. aft. ttpc. 
i iiii ally, ill whist, (i) line ho dunces with another, es- 
pecially one of the opposite sc\. 
Lead In your Indies every one. sweet partner, 
I must lint >cl tin nake you. 
Skak., Hen. VIII., I. 4. 108. 
My former fears >!" ilancin^ hctoic such a company, and 
with Midi a intu> : i-. reluiTicil more forcibly than ever. 
Mi** tiunu'y, Kvelina, xi. 
(/<) One who Is associated in marriage with another of tin- 
opposite sex ; a husband or wife. (c)One who Is associated 
with another or others as a principal or the contributor 
of capital in a business or joint adventure, and usually 
shares its risks and profits. See partnership. 
3. ///. \niit., pieces of timber let in between 
two deek-lieams, to form a framing f or the sup- 
port of anything which passes through a ves- 
sel's dock, as masts, capstan, or pumps. 
The mast holes of a ship with wood beams are framed 
with a series of cnrlingx termed fore and aft partner*, 
cross partner*, and angle chocks, the whole forming a hole 
the diameter of which exceeds that of the section of the 
mast by twice the thickness of the mast wedges, these 
latter varying about from 3 Inches to 8 Inches, according 
to the size of the ship. Thearle, Naval Arch., (211. 
Dormant partner, a special or silent partner. Osten- 
sible partner. eeottennble. Silent partner, sleep- 
ing partner, a partner interested in a business in w hich 
he has embarked capital, but in the conducting of which 
he does not take an active part; a dormant partner. 
Special partner, a partner who contributes capital only, 
in a limited or special partnership, and whose liability 
Is limited by statute to the amount of capital. If the 
statute governing partnerships is violated, the special 
partner becomes liable as a general partner. See partner- 
Mp. =Syn. 1. Participator, participant 1 and 2. FrtjHa, 
Companion, etc. See attoaate. 
partner (piirt'ner), v. t. [< partner, n.] To 
join ; associate as a partner. 
To be partner'd 
With tomboys hired with that self exhibition 
Which your own coffers yield ! 
A**., Cymbeline, L 6. 121. 
partnership (piirt'ner-ship), n. [< partner + 
-xliip.] 1. The state or condition of being a 
partner; joint interest; participation with an- 
other. 
Love, well thou know'st, no Partnership allows. 
Prior, Henry and Emma. 
But an union of this kind is one of those fatal partner- 
Mp* between the stronger and the weaker which can lead 
only to bondage. E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 77. 
Specifically 2. In law, the relation subsisting 
between persons who combine their services, 
property, and credit for the purpose of conduct- 
mgbusiness for their joint benefit. Itlnvolves usu- 
ally a reciprocal agency and a community of profits and of 
losses, and often a community of interest in the capital. 
Since one in such a relation may make himself liable as a 
partner to pay debts, and yet fall to secure the right to share 
assets, the test of what constitutes a partner varies accord- 
ing as merely the relation of the parties to one another Is 
considered, or their relation to third persons dealing with 
the firm. For the purpose of liability to third persons, a 
right to share in the profits as pronts, as distinguished 
from receiving a compensation in proportion to pronts, 
has been deemed the general test ; but It is subject to ex- 
ceptions and qnali locations, and in England and some other 
jurisdictions the test is whether the relation was such 
that the one sought to be held liable had constituted the 
other his agent to contract such obligation. 
3. The contract creating the relation of part- 
ners. 4. A rule in arithmetic. See fellote- 
xhii>, 4. General partnership, a partnership in which 
the relation is not qualified as limited or special, and in 
which, therefore, all the members are jointly liable for 
all the debts. Limited partnership, or special part- 
nership, a partnership in which the special partner 
contributes to the common stock a specific sum in cash, 
and is liable for the debts of the partnership only to the 
amount of his investment. This immunity is secured by 
compliance with the statutes creating it, which usually 
|in>\iile that the special partner shall take no part in 
the conduct of the business. Mining partnership, a 
partnership which exists when two or more persons, who 
ow n or acquire a mining-claim for the purpose of work- 
ing it and extracting the mineral therefrom, actually 
engage in working the same : the chief peculiarity of the 
relation in this case is in the Implied powers of the 
partners, and the fact that the transfer of the share of a 
partner to a stranger brings in the latter without dissclv- 
ing the partnership. Universal partnership,:! form 
of association existing in Louisiana, in w Inch all the part- 
ners agree to put in common all the wealth they have and 
may acquire. Kxception, however, Is now mode of wealth 
acquired by gift, succession, or legacy after the partner- 
ship hail been constituted. 
part-Owner (piirt'o'iier), n. In Intr, a joint 
owner or tenant in common, who has an inde- 
pendent, although an undivided, interest in 
property with another or others. 
partricht, . An old spelling of Cartridge. 
partridge (piir'trij), . [Also dial, pntridyc. 
BoMHtw; early mod. E. partrich, < MK. par- 
ISOfl 
nf the subfamilies /'< nln-hitr. I'tirni- 
lini.r. ;itnl iirli/i/iiiti-, of small si/.e as compared 
witli jji'oiiM' i /'< triiniiiii:i ). with four toes, scaly 
shanks seldom spurred, fairly well-developed 
tail, and naked nostrils, (a )The birds more particu- 
larly designated partridge* are the European specie* of the 
genera Prrdix and Caceabit. The best-known of these is 
tin nnon Kia> paitti'L'c !' r'lixdnerea, the only bird of 
Common Gray V< 
rttx (i'ltrta]. 
tite kind that Is common In (Ireat Britain, and hence the 
one speclflcally called a partridge In English. It ex- 
tends through Europe, and In Asia Is replaced by close- 
ly related forms, as /'. barbata and P. hodgtonur. < ithcr 
Asiatic birds which have partridge as at least the book- 
name are species of Oreoperdix, Ammoperdix, Arborophila, 
Kambuaeola, etc. Those of the last-named genus are 
known as bamboo-partridges, (b) In Europe other birds 
properly called partridges ore species of Caccabu. The 
red-legged, French, or Guernsey partridge Is Caccabu rufa; 
the Greek partridge Is C. grirca; the rock-partridges ore 
C. saxatiliK and C. petrom. Related to these in Asia and 
Africa are other species of Caccabii. Snow-partridges be- 
long to the genus l*ertxi or Tetraoperdix, as L. or T. nineola, 
and to TelraoiiaUuM. of the latter genus are the chourtka 
(T. aupnu), the Himalayan partridged 1 . himalayenn*), and 
other species. The hill-partridges are a dozen or more spe- 
cies of Arborophila. found In India and countries further 
east, and several of Galloperdix. (See cut under Galloper- 
dix.) The very numerous species of francollna are often 
brought under Perdicitur, and some of them are called 
black partridge*. They are mostly African. (See cut under 
/rancottn.) (c) All the partridge-like birds of America are 
entirely different from any of the foregoing, and constitute 
a separate subfamily called Colina, Ortyginx, or Odonto- 
phorina ; these ore In different parts of the United States 
(as explained under pheamnt) known lapartridi/es or qvailt 
(quail being properly the name of the Old World birds of 
the genus Coturnix). The common partridge or quail of 
the United States is the Virginian bobwhite, Colinui or 
Ortyx riryiniantu, and it is the only one that is extensively 
dispersed in the country. But in the southwestern States 
and Territories are found numerous other partridges or 
(mails, of the genera Orrmrtyx, Lophortyx, Callipepla, and 
Cyrtongx; while ranging through Mexico and Central 
America and well Into South America are yet others, be- 
longing to the genera Kupti/chortyx, Dendnrtyx, and 
Odontophorwt. See cuts under Caccabif. Callipepla, Cyr- 
tonyx, helnutquail, Lena, Odantophorina, Orcortyx, and 
quail. See also grmue. 
And bnmstonys, and also grett plente of Partyrege and 
veri good wynes. Tnrkington, I Marie of Eng. Travel), p. 58. 
2. By a misapplication of the name (by Eng- 
lish sportsmen and others in South America), 
species of the family Tinamidse, as Kothura ma- 
culosa, the common partridge of the pampas 
of the Argentine Republic, and Khynchotus rn- 
fescens, the great or large partridge. 3. In 
Australia, by misapplication, species of the 
family Turniridx. 4. In New England, by mis- 
application, the ruffed grouse. 5f. In artillery, 
a large bombard formerly used in sieges and de- 
fensive works. Froifsart. Compare perdreau. 
Partridge cochin. See cochin. 
partridge-berry (par'trij-ber'i), n. 1. A trail- 
ing plant, Alitchella repens. It is a smooth herb, with 
round-ovate evergreen leaves, the paired flowers white, 
tinged with purple, bearded within, and fragrant. It Is 
common throughout the woods of eastern North America, 
reaching to Mexico. Its little twin flowers of early sum- 
party 
partridge-hawk (jmr'trij-hiik), . The Ameri- 
can goBoawk, .(.'; Hifti'ii/iHiiix. 
partridge-pea (|>:n'h>i pej, . See eni. 
partridge-wood (|';ir'tnj-wud), . A fine hard 
cabinet-wood obtained from the West Indies 
and Smith America. It Is of a reddish color, beau- 
tifully marked with darker-colored parallel lines and 
streaks. It Is sufficiently tough to be used for umbrella- 
sticks, etc. It appears to be the product of Amlira iner- 
m(t t and perhaps of several other leguminous treat, 
part-singing (p**t / tag'tig)i . In numir, the 
:i<-t, theory, or result of siii^iiij; in harmony 
that in, with two or more independent parts or 
vniees; choral singing: opposed to solo-xingirtfl. 
Technically the term Is usually restricted to unaccompa- 
nied singing, anil frequently to singing by nmle voices only 
part-song tpiirt'song), n. In muxic, a vocal 
composition for twoor more independent voicis 
or parts ; loosely, a glee or madrigal, and sorae- 
t i mi's a round or catch. Part-songs are usually 
meant to bo HIIIIK without a i|ianimcnt. 
The part-Kng being essentially a melody with choral 
harmony, the upper part is In one sense the most Impor- 
t .int. Grate* Diet. Muac, II. 669. 
parturet (par'tur), n. [< part + -ure; as if by 
aphorenis from departure, q. v.] Departure. 
Thou wert he at parture whome I loathde to bid farewell. 
Twbenille, To Spenser (llakluyfs Voyages, I. 386). 
parturiatet (par-tu'ri-at), r. i. [Irreg. for *par- 
turite, < L. parturitus, pp. of partvrire, be in 
labor: see parturient.] To bring forth young. 
parturiency (par-tu'ri-en-si), n. [< parturi- 
i'n(t) + -ry.] The state of being parturient; 
parturition. 
parturient (par-tu'ri-ent), a. [= 8p. Pg. par- 
turiente = It. partrtricntc, parturiente, < L. par- 
turien(t-)s, ppr. of parturire, desire to bring 
forth, be in labor, desiderative of parere, pro- 
duce: see parent.) Bringing forth or about to 
bring forth young: sometimes, as in the quota- 
tion, extended to a more general use. 
The plant that Is Ingrafted must also be parturient and 
fruitful. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. IS36\ II. 23. 
parturifacient (par-tu-ri-fa'shient), . [< L. 
parturire, desire to bring forth (see parturient), 
+ fnden(t-)s, ppr. of facere, cause.] A medi- 
cine, as ergot, which excites uterine action, or 
facilitates parturition ; an oxytocic. 
parturiometer (par-tu-ri-pm'e-ter), n. [Irreg. < 
Li. parturitw(n-), parturition,-)- Gi./itrpov, mea- 
sure.] An instrument for determining the ex- 
pulsive force of the uterus in parturition. 
parturioust (par-tu'ri-us), a. [As parturi(ent) 
+ -OM.] Sameas;)nr(Mrie<. IJrayton, Moses. 
parturition (par-tu-rish'qn), n. [< F. parturi- 
tion = Pg. parturi^So, < LL. narturitio(n-), tra- 
vail, < L. parturitus, pp. of parturire, desire 
to bring forth, be in labor: see paturient.] 1. 
The act of bringing forth or being delivered of 
young. 
Mrs. Sydney is all rural bustle, impatient for the partu- 
rition of hens and pigs. 
Sydney Smith, To Lady Holland, vi. 
2f. That which is brought forth ; burden; birth. 
parturitive (par-tu'ri-tiv), a. [As parturit(ion) 
+ -ire.] Pertaining or relating to parturition ; 
obstetric. 
Partmitine science. Bvltcer, My Novel, xiL 11. 
part-writing (piirt'ri'tin^), M. In music: (a) 
That branch of polyphonic composition which 
concerns the correct combination with one an- 
other of the several voice-parts; counterpoint 
(in the modern sense). (6) The sum of the rela- 
tions of the voice-parts of a particular piece to 
each other; the melodies of the several voice- 
parts taken collectively. 
party 1 (piir'ti), . and a. [< ME. party, partye, 
parti, partie = OFries. partie = D. partij = 
MLG. partte,partige = MHO. partie, parti, Q. 
partei = Sw. Dan. parti,<. OF. partie, partye, F. 
partie, t. (sdso parti, m.), = Pr. partMa, partia 
= Sp. Pg. partida, f. ( partido, m.), = It. partita, 
t., < ML. partita, t., a part, party, < L. partita, 
fern, of partitas, pp. of jiartiri, divide: seeparf, 
P.] I. 1.; pi. parties (-tig). It. Apart; a por- 
tion; a division. 
Flowering Plant of Partridge-ben? (.\titchtlla rtftns}. 
The fourthe party of this day Is goon. 
Chaucer, ProL to Man of Law's Tale, 
LIT. 
trirln; /nrtriclii . pi'i-fri/rlii; purti/n-iit; 
IHii-tnjkr, iii-rtriki-, pi'rti-i/lc, purtriix, < OK. prr- 
ilrix, jn nlri~, prrtrir. F. /irntris = S)i. Pi:. / nli- 
= It. prniiir. pi'i-ilii'i; < L. /it rilis, < (tr. T/,iAi, 
a partridge.] 1. A gallinaceous or rasorial 
bird of the family Tetraonidm and of one or 
J71 
a, a leaf, showing the nervation ; *, a flower with long stamens ; c. 
a Bower with long style ; ft, the fruit. 
mer, though pretty, are less noticed than its scarlet fruit, 
which from autumn to spring forms a very pleasing com- 
bination with the deep-green leaves. The berry is edible, 
but Insipid. The plant has medical uses like pipsuwewa. 
It is aromatic and astringent, and yields an oil which con- 
tains 90 per cent of methyl sallcylate and is largely used 
in rheumatism. Also checkerberry, deerberry, and hitf-nne. 
2. The wintergreen, (imiltlieria procumbent. 
Thow shall go in to that partite* where they be that have 
the holy vessel!. *fr(in (E. F, T. 8-X L 53. 
Robyn toke the forty pounde 
And departed It In two partye. 
JjyttU Qe*e of Robyn Hode (Child s' Ballads, V. 110). 
2f. Part; side. 
Ther is a kyng not ferre from thlse partine, 
In all contres ther as men riden and goon, 
Vnder hevyn so grete ther levith non. 
Oenerydrt(E. E. T. S.), L 1706. 
