passport 
of stringency, extending in many countries to their total 
abolition Passports must give a description of the per- 
son. Those of the I'nited States(1887) "requestall whom 
it may concern to permit - safely and freely to pass, 
and in case of need to give (him) all lawful Aid and Protec- 
tion," and are given under the seal of the Secretary of 
State. Passports may be given for goods as well as un- 
persons ; and in time of war a ship's passport is a voucher 
of her neutral character. 
Let him depart ; his passport shall be made, 
And crowns for convoy put into his purse. 
Shak., Hen. V., iv. 8. 36. 
2. A safe-conduct granted in time of war for 
persons and effects in a hostile country. Bur- 
rill. 
Many desyred leaue to departe to the towne of Concep- 
tion, where they had graneges and exercised tyllage. He 
gaue them tiieyr passeportes with alowance of vytayles, soo 
that only thyrtie remayned with hym. 
R. Eden, tr. of Peter Martyr (First Books on America, ed. 
[Arber, p. 92). 
3. A license for importing or exporting goods 
subject to duty without paying the usual duties. 
4. Anything which enables one to pass with 
safety or certainty ; a certificate; a voucher. 
Neyther Phylosopher nor Historiographer coulde at the 
first haue entred into the gates of populer iudgeraents if 
they had not token a great passport of Poetry. 
Sir P. Sidney, Apol. for Poetrie. 
His passport is his innocence and grace. 
Dryden, Death of Ainyntas, 1. 76. 
This Ring shall be the passport of Intelligence. 
Steele, Grief A-la-llode, iv. 1. 
For ten long years I roved about, living first in one capi- 
tal, then another. . . . Provided with plenty of money, 
and the passport of an old name, I could choose my own 
society. Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, xxvii. 
5. That which enables one to attain any object 
or reach any end. 
The favour of the monarch ... is the only passport to 
employment. Brougham. 
passport (pas'port), v. t. [< passport, >(.] To 
supply or provide with a passport. 
Their ships must be passported. 
(i. W. Cable, Creoles of Louisiana, p. 81. 
pass-shooting (pas'sho'ting), . The shooting 
f birds, as wild ducks, as they fly over a station 
where the hunter lies in wait for them, it is 
practised on a windy day in the late fall, when the birds, 
on their way to and from the feeding-grounds, often fly 
low. [U. S.] 
Pass-shooting is practiced in the East in the pursuit of 
the black duck. Sportsman's Gazetteer, p. 202. 
pass-ticket (pas'tik"et), . A ticket of admis- 
sion, as to some performance or spectacle; 
especially, a free ticket or pass. 
passus (pas'us), n.; pl.passits. [< li. passus (pi. 
passus), a step, pace: see pace 1 and pass, .] 
A section or division of a story, poem, etc. ; a 
canto. Abbreviated pass. 
Passus signifies a portion or "fytte " of a poem. In an 
entertainment given to Queen Elizabeth at Kenilworth, a 
minstrel, after singing a portion of a song, was instructed 
to make " a pauz and a curtezy, for primus passus," i. e. to 
signify that the first part was over. 
Skeat, Notes to Piers Plowman, p. 1. 
password (pas'werd), n. A secret parole or 
countersign by which a friend may be distin- 
guished from a stranger, and allowed to pass. 
passwort (pas' wert), n. A contraction of palsy- 
wort. 
passy-measuret (pas'i-mezh"ur), n. Same as 
Then he 's a rogue, and a passy measures panyn ; I hate 
a drunken rogue. Shak., 1. N., v. 1. 206. 
past (past), p. a. and n. [< ME. past, passed; 
pp. of pass, v."] I. p. a. 1. Gone by; belong- 
ing to a time previous to this ; not present nor 
future : as, past time ; one's past life. 
When to the sessions of sweet silent thought 
I summon up remembrance of things past, 
I sigh the lack of many a thing I sought. 
Shak., Sonnets, xxx. 
The thought of our past years in me doth breed 
Perpetual benediction. Wordsworth, Immortality, ix. 
Hence 2. In the predicate, ago. 
And ho so coueyteth to know hym such a kynde hym fol- 
weth, 
As Ich tolde the with tonge a lytel tyme passed. 
Fieri Plowman (C), xvii. 368. 
Never O fault ! reveal'd myself unto him 
Until some half -hour po(. Shak., Lear, v. 3. 193. 
3. Spent; ended; accomplished; existing no 
more ; over and done with. 
The harvest is past, the summer is ended. Jer. viii. 20. 
Past indiscretion is a venial crime. 
Cowper, Truth, 1. 491. 
4. That has completed a full term and is now 
retired: as, a past (or passed) master in free- 
masonry. See master^. 5. That indicates or 
notes past time: as, &past participle; the past 
tense Last past, that has just passed ; immediately 
preceding the present. 
4320 
Hit was presented that, by the space of foure or fyve 
veres or more laxt itaxt, or there-aboutes . . . 
English Oilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 205. 
II. H. The time that has preceded the present; 
a former or bygone time, or the events of that 
time ; that part of the history, life," or experi- 
ences of a person or thing that is passed: as, 
to forget the past; an unfortunate past. 
No, Time, thoii shalt not boast that I do change ; . . . 
Thy registers and thee I both defy, 
Not wondering at the present nor the past. 
Shak., Sonnets, cxxiii. 
Clear from marge to marge shall bloom 
The eternal landscape of the past. 
Tennyson, In Memoriam, xlvi. 
If George could have taken a look into Kate's past, he 
would perhaps have been less surprised at the absence of 
the bread-and-butter element in her. 
R. Broughton, Not Wisely but too Well, xix. 
past (past), prep, and adv. [Formerly passed ; 
orig. pp., used elliptically, and extended to 
purely prepositional and adverbial uses: see 
past, p. a.] I. prep. Beyond, (a) Beyond in time; 
after : as, past noon ; past dinner-time. 
And it was passed .xij. or the sayde processyon myght 
come oones aboute, passynge by as faste as they myght 
goo but one tyme. Sir Jt. Gnylfurde, Pylgrymage, p. 9. 
Sara . . . was delivered of a child when she was past 
age. Heb. xi. 11. 
(6) Beyond in position ; further than ; also, by and beyond: 
as, the house stands a little past the junction. 
My lord, the enemy is past the marsh. 
Shak., Rich. III., v. 3. 345. 
Lights creep in 
Past the gauze curtains half drawn-to. 
D. G. Kossetti, Jenny. 
(c) Beyond the reach of ; at a point that precludes or 
makes (something) impossible or improbable ; out of the 
reach, scope, or influence of ; as, past redemption ; past all 
sense of shame ; past comprehension. 
A wreck past hope he was. Shale., T. N., v. 1. 82. 
He 's past all cure ; 
That only touch is death. 
Beau, and Fl., Thierry and Theodoret, iv. 2. 
How unsearchable are his judgments, and his waysposf 
finding out ! Rom. xi. 33. 
Do but winnow their chaffe from their wheat, ye shall 
see their great heape shrink and wax thin past beliefe. 
Milton, Apology for Smectyrnnuus. 
(d) Beyond in number or amount; above; more than; 
exceeding. 
The northern Irish Scots have bows not past three quar- 
ters of a yard long. Spenser, State of Ireland. 
Boats hauing not past three yron nailes in them. 
llakluyl's Voyages, I. 10. 
He has not past three or four hairs on his chin. 
Shak., T. and C., i. 2. 121. 
He set store on her past every thing ; for all, nobody but 
him thought her so very handsome. 
Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, xxxvi. 
(e) Beyond the enjoyment of; over and done with. 
As to those of the highest state in the monastic life, 
called by them the monks of the Megaloskema, I believe 
there are very few of them, though I was told some old 
men in their infirmaries, who were past the world, had 
taken this vow on them. 
Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 147. 
II. adv. By ; so as to pass and go beyond. 
And at times, from the fortress across the bay, 
The alarum of drums swept past. 
Longfellow, The Cumberland. 
pastancet,". [ME., alaopastaunce, pastans; < 
OF. passetans, passetens, passetemps, F. passe- 
temps = Sp. pasatiempo = Pg. It. passatempo, a 
pastime, < L. passare, pass, -F tempus, time : see 
2>ass,v.,a.ndtcmporal. Ct. pastime.] A pastime. 
Sir Peter Shyrborne, and all other knyghtes that had 
lusted those four dayes with the knightes, thanked them 
greatly of their pastuunce. 
Berners, tr. of Froissart's Chron., II. clxviii. 
Thowgh I sumtyme be in Englond for my pastaunce, 
Yet was I neyther borne here, in Spayne, nor in Fraunce. 
Bp. Bale, Kynge Johan, p. 8. (UattiweU.) 
paste 1 (past), n, and a. [Early mod. E. alsopaast; 
< ME. paste, < OF. paste, F. pdte = Sp. Pg. It. 
pasta, < LL. pasta, paste, < (Jr. irdarj/, f., also 
mzora, neut. pi., a barley porridge, appar. orig. 
a salted mess, mess of food, < iraar6f (fern. 
Traari/, neut. pi. TTOCTTO), besprinkled, salted, < 
naaaeiv, Attic irdrTetv, strew, sprinkle. Cf. pas- 
ma, from the same source.] I. n. 1. A com- 
position in which there is just sufficient moist- 
ure to soften the mass without liquefying it : 
as, flour paste, polishing-poste, etc. Specifically 
(a) Dough ; more particularly, flour and water with ad- 
dition of butter or lard, used in cookery for making pies, 
pastry, etc. 
Also, thath the Wardenes of the said crafte haffe fulle 
powere to make serche, with one of the offlceris of the 
cite, as well vppon thoo that byeth mele contrary to the 
custume of the cite, as vppon gode paste to be made acor- 
dynd to the sise, as vppon all oder defavtys. 
English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 336. 
[For] raising of paste few could her excel. 
Catskin's Garland (Child's Ballads, VIII. 175). 
paste 
Miss Liddy can dance a jig, raise paste, write a good 
hand, keep an account, give a reasonable answer, and do 
as she is bid. Steele, Spectator, No. 306. 
(b) A mixture of flour and water boiled and sometimes 
strengthened by the addition of starch, and often preserved 
from molding by some added substance, used as a cement 
in various trades, as in bookbinding, leather-manufacture, 
shoemaking, etc. (e) In calico-printing, a composition of 
flour, water, starch, and other ingredients, used as a vehicle 
for mordant, color, etc. (rf) In ceram., clay kneaded up 
with water, and with the addition, in some cases, of other 
ingredients, of which mixture the body of a vessel or other 
object of earthenware Is made. The paste of common 
pottery is either hard or soft. The hard is that which, 
after firing, cannot be scratched by knife or file. In porce- 
lain the difference is more radical, the paste of soft-paste 
porcelain not being strictly a ceramic production. (See soft- 
paste porcelain, under porcelain.) The epithets hard and 
soft have reference to the power of resisting heat, hard- 
paste porcelain supporting and requiring a much higher 
temperature than the other. The paste of stoneware is 
mingled with a vitriflable substance, so that after being 
flred it is no longer porous, whereas the paste of common 
pottery absorbs water freely, (e) In plastering, a mixture 
of gypsum and water. (/) In soap-manuf., a preliminary 
or crude combination of fat and lye. 
For the paste operation, no leys should be used contain- 
ing foreign salts. Workshop Receipts, 1st ser., p. 377. 
2f. Figuratively, material. 
The Inhabitants of that Town [Geneva], raethinks, are 
made of another Paste, differing from the affable Nature 
of those People I had convers'd withal formerly. 
Hmnell, Letters, I. i. 44. 
3. Heavy glass made by fusing silica (quartz, 
flint, or pure sand), potash, borax, and white 
oxid of lead, etc., to imitate gems ; hence, a fac- 
titious gem of this material. To this glass addition 
may be made of antimony glass, or of oxids of manganese, 
cobalt, copper^ or chromium, the lead often being largely 
in excess of a normal silicate. Also called strass. 
A Louis XVI. clock, the pendulum formed as a circle 
of fine old pastes. Hamilton Collection Catalogue. 
4. In mineral., the mineral substance in which 
other minerals are embedded. 5. The inspis- 
sated juice of fruit to which gum and powdered 
sugar have been added Anchovy paste. See an- 
chovy. Artificial soft paste, some variety of soft-paste 
porcelain. Canquoin's paste, a mixture of chlorid of 
zinc, flour, and water. Chlorid-of-zlnc paste, a mix- 
ture of zinc chlorid, zinc oxid, flour, and water. Cochi- 
neal paste. See cochineal. Coster's paste, a solution 
of iodine in oil of tar. Dupuytren's paste, arsenious 
acid and calomel, made into a paste with a solution of 
gum. Felix's caustic paste, starch, wheat-flour, mer- 
curic bichlorid, zinc chlorid, iodol, croton chloral, bro- 
mide of camphor, and carbolic acid, made into a paste 
with water. German paste. See German. Guarana 
paste, a dried paste prepared from the crushed or ground 
seeds of Paidlinia sorbuis. Hard paste, the material 
prepared for making hard or vitreous porcelain. Hard 
paste is composed, strictly, of purified kaolin, unmixed, 
and is characteristic of Oriental porcelain. Italian 
paste. See macaroni, 1. Jujube paste. See jujube, S. 
London paste, a caustic composed of sodium hydrate 
and unslaked lime in equal parts. Lucas paste, in dye- 
ing, a paste or vehicle containing acetate of copper and hy- 
drochlorate of aniline, but no sal ammoniac. When used, 
it is mixed with several times its volume of starch paste. 
Marshmallow paste, a paste made of gum arabic, 
sugar, and white of eggs, flavored with orange-flower wa- 
ter. Also called gum paste. Michel's paste, a caustic 
made of strong sulphuric acid three parts, and finely pow- 
dered asbestos one part. Mild paste, in dyeing, a paste 
which is not acid. Orange paste, in dyeing, a paste for 
producing an orange color. The chief ingredient is lead 
sulphate. Parars paste, i" dying, a paste for produ- 
cing a fine black dye. It is composed essentially of hydro- 
chlorate of aniline, potassium chlorate, and hydrofluosi- 
licic acid, and must be applied with copper or brass rollers 
which supply the element of copper necessary to develop 
the color. Phosphorus paste. See phosphorus. Ser- 
vice paste, in porcelain-manvf., a paste prepared to 
serve for all ordinary work. Soft paste. See porcelain. 
Vienna paste. Same as Vienna caustic (which see, 
under caustic). 
II. a. Made of paste, as an artificial jewel 
(see I., 3); hence, artificial; sham; counterfeit; 
not genuine: as, paste diamonds. 
Dame Life, tho' fiction out may trick her, 
And in paste gems and frippery deck her ; 
Oh! flickering, feeble, and unsicker 
I've found her still. Burns, On Life. 
Paste blue. See blue. 
paste 1 (past), v. t. ; pret. and pp. pasted, ppr. 
pasting. [< pastel, .] 1. To unite or cement 
with paste; fasten with paste. 2. To apply 
paste to, in any of its technical compositions 
or uses ; incorporate with a paste, as a color in 
dyeing. 
Resist compositions intended for this latter purpose are 
usually called pastes, and color so preserved is said to be 
pasted. O'SeHl, Dyeing and Calico Printing, p. 394. 
paste' 2 t (past), n. [Also past; a corrupt form 
of OF. passe, pase, border, edging, a particular 
use of passe, a pass, etc., with ref. to passmcnt, 
lace, etc.: see passement.~\ 1. A ruff. 2. A 
circlet or wreath of jewels or flowers formerly 
worn as a bridal wreath. 
Items for making and mending these pastes and dia- 
dems are found in old churchwardens' accompts: thus 
