pecunial 
pecuniiilis, pertaining to money, < L. pri-mmi, 
wealth, property : nee prrunif. Cf. /ii-i'iinni/.\ 
1. Uelating to money. 
It camo Into hys lied that the KngllKhinen dyd Iltle 
passe vpon the obseruaclon and kepynge of penall lawes 
orptcuniall ntatutes. Hull, Hen. VII., an. 19. 
2. Consisting of money; pecuniary; paid in 
money. 
If any persone wolde upon hem pleyne, 
Ther myghte asterte hym no pecunyal pryne. 
Chaucer, Friar s Tale, 1. 16. 
pecuniarily (pe-ku'ni-a-ri-li), ode. In a pecu- 
niary manner; as regards money-matters. 
I was In moderate circumstances pecuniarily, though I 
waa perhaps better furnished with less fleeting lirh.- 
than nuiny others. C />. Warner, Backlog studies, p. 80. 
pecuniary (pe-ku'ni-a-ri), a. [= F.pe'cuniaire = 
Pi. pecuniari'= Sp. Pg. It. pecuniario, < L. pecu- 
niarily, also peciiHiaris, pertaining to money, < 
peeunia, money: see pceiiiiic.] 1. Relating to 
money : as, pecuniary affairs or losses. 
Their Impostures delude not only unto pecuniary ile- 
fraudations, but the irreparable deceit of death. 
Sir T. Browne. 
2. Consistingof money : as, ^pecuniary reward 
or penalty. 
If I have a general or pcmniary legacy of 1001. , or a spe- 
cific one of a piece of plate, I cannot in either case take 
It without the consent of the executor. 
Blaclcstone, Com., II. xxxll. 
My exertions, whatever they have been, were such as no 
hopes of pecuniary reward could possibly excite ; and no 
pecuniary compensation can possibly reward them. 
Hurlre, To a Noble Lord. 
Pecuniary causes, in eccle*. law, such causes as arise 
from either the withholding of ecclesiastical dues, or the 
doing or neglecting of some act relating to the church 
whereby damage accrues to the plaintiff, toward obtain- 
ing a satisfaction for which he is permitted to Institute a 
suit In the spiritual court. Wharton. Pecuniary leg- 
acy, a testamentary gift of money, 
pecuniet, [ME., < OF. pecunie, pecune, F.pe- 
cuite = Sp. Pg. It. peeunia, money, cash, < L. 
peeunia, property, riches, wealth, in particular 
money, orig. property in cattle, < , pecus (pecor-), 
pecus (pecud-), cattle, a herd, = E.fee: see/ei. 
Cf. pecuHuni.] Money. 
As relatlfs indirect reccheth the! neuere 
Of the cours of the case so they cacche suluer, 
Be the pecunie y-payed tliauli parties chide. 
Piers Plowman (C), Iv. 893. 
pecunious (pe-ku'ni-us), a. [< ME. pccunyous, 
< OF. pecunieujc, F. ptcunicux = Pr. pecunios = 
Sp. Pg. It. peeunioso, < L. pecuniosus, having 
much money or wealth, < peeunia, wealth, 
money: see pecunie.] Full of money; rich; 
wealthy. [Obsolete or rare.] 
Praye for the, pol by pol yf thow he pecunyout. 
Piers Plomnan (C), xill. 11. 
But in very truth money is as dirt among those phe- 
nomenally pecunious New Yorkers. 
Arch. Forbes, Souvenirs of some Continents, p. 152. 
ped (ped), n. [< ME. pedde, a basket ; cf . pad*.] 
A basket: same as pad*. [Prov. Eng.] 
A haske is a wicker ped, wherein they use to carrie fish. 
Orig. WOK. to Spenter't Shep. Cal., November, 1. 16. 
ped. In musical notation, an abbreviation for 
pedal or pedale. 
peda, n. Plural of pedum. 
pedaget (ped'aj), n. [< ME. pedage, < OF. ped- 
age, peage, pa'age, < L. pes (ped-), = E. foot, + 
-a</e.J A toll paid by passengers. Also peag?, 
paage. Spelman. 
Tribute and pedage and jerls rentes. 
Wydif, 1 Esd. [Ezra] Iv. 13, 20. 
pedagogic (ped-a-goj'ik), a. and H. [= F. pe- 
dai/ogiqiie = Sp. pedagogico = Pg. It. pedagogico, 
< Or. Troioajuj-iKoV, of or pertaining to a teacher 
or to education, < Kaiiayuyuc, , a teacher of youth : 
see pedagogue.] I. n. Of or pertaining to a peda- 
gogue or pedagogics; belonging to or resem- 
bling a pedagogue or teacher of children: as, 
pedagogic peculiarities. 
In the pedagogic character he [Higglns] also published 
Huloct's Dictionarie, newlie corrected, &c. 
T. Warton, Hist. Eng. Poetry, III. 259. 
But who will set limit to his |St John's) power and 
padagogic wisdom in the matter and form of his teaching? 
Scha/, Hist Christ. Church, I. 1 83. 
II. H. Same as prtlagi>gi<-x. 
pedagogical (ped-a-goj'i-kal), a. [< pedagogic 
+ -al.'] Same as pedagogic. 
Those pedagogical Jehus, those furious school-drivers. 
South, Sermons, V. 1. 
There Is a pedagogical value in hearing lectures and In 
taking notes of them. The Motion, XLVII1. Ml. 
pedagogically (ped-a-goj'i-kal-i), adv. In a 
pedagogic manner; according to the methods 
of a pedagogue ; also, with reference to peda- 
180] 
gogics; by or in accordance with the prinei|>li < 
of pedagogics. 
pedagogics (ped-a-goj'ikM), H. [PI. of pi -In 
'/".'/"'.' see -ics.] The science or art of teach- 
ing; pedagogy. 
It It to be deplored that no more euphonious and man- 
ageable name could lie found for It than Pedagogic*. 
Km Princeton Kn., II. 301. 
pedagogism (ped'a-gog-izm), n. [< />//</(/< 
-f- -I'XIH. ] The business, ways, or characteri>t i.-- 
of a pedagogue. 
Ink doubtless, rightly apply'd with some gall In It, may 
prove good to heal this tetter of pcdagogim that bespread i 
him. Milton, Apology for Smeclymnuus, f tl. 
pedagogue (ped'a-gog), n. [Also sometimes 
(with ref. to Greek usage) peedagogue; < F. 
I'lilitgoguc = Sp. Pg. It. pedagogo,< L. pada- 
gogtts, < Or. waioayuyoc (see def. 1), < TO/C (irtui-), 
a child, a boy or girl, < a;ctv, lead, conduct. 
afuyuf, a guide or conductor. In def. 2, < OF. 
pedagoge, m., a schoolroom; ct. pedagogy.] 1. 
A teacher of children ; one whose occupation is 
the instruction of children; a schoolmaster: 
now used, generally with a sense of contempt, 
for a dogmatic and narrow-minded teacher. 
Among the Greeks and Romans the pedagogue was origi- 
nally a slave who attended the younger children of hts 
MK*r, and conducted them to school, to the theater, 
etc., combining In many cases Instruction with guardian- 
ship. 
Time was, when th' artless pedagogue did stand 
With his vlmlncous sceptre In his hand, 
Raging like Bajazet o'er the tugging fry. 
On the Death of his Schoolmaster. 
The pxdagogue with the youngeat ton and the prostrate 
Niobide may be supposed to be on the right. 
A. S. Murray, Greek Sculpture, II. 322. 
2f. A schoolroom, or an apartment set apart as 
a schoolroom. 
Another part I of the university! Is what they call the 
pedagogue, which Is for noblemen and gentlemen ; there 
are six youths in each room, with a master over them. 
Pococla, Description of the East, II. 11. 231. 
pedagogue (ped'a-gog), v. t. ; pret. and pp.ped- 
agogued, ppr. pedagoguing. [< pedagogue, M.] 
To teach ; especially, to teach with the air of a 
pedagogue. 
This may confine their younger Stiles, 
Whom Dryden pedagogue* at Will's ; 
But never could be meant to tye 
Authentlck Wits, like you and I. 
1'ii'ir. To Fleetwood Shepherd, 1. 81. 
Grave eastern seers instructive lessons told ; 
Wise Greece from them recelv'd the happy plan, 
And taught the brute to pedagogue the man. 
SomenOle, To the Earl of Halifax. 
pedagogy (ped'a-go-ji), n. [Formerly also padu- 
gogy; = Y.pfdiigogie = Sp. pedagogia = Pg. It. 
pedagogia,<.Gr. vaiSa-jurfla, the training or guid- 
ing of boys, education, < vatoajuy of, a pedagogue : 
see pedagogue.'] 1 . The art of the pedagogue ; 
the science of teaching; pedagogics. 
The tendency to apply the exact methods of science to 
problems of education is one of the most hopeful signs 
of present pedagogy. Science, VI. 841. 
2. Instruction; discipline. 
He delivers us up to Hiepttdagogy of the Divine judg- 
ments. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 183.iX I. ! 
The Jews were a people infinitely delighted with pom- 
pous and busy superstition, and had ordinances accord- 
ingly whilst they remained under that childish pedagogy. 
Evelyn, True Religion, II. 181. 
There was a sacrifice for the whole congregation pre- 
scribed in the Mosaic I'ardagngy. 
C. Mather, Mag. Christ., Hist. Boston, 1698. 
pedal (ped'al or pe'dal),a.and*i. [= F. petiole, 
n., = It. pedale, < li."pedalis, pertaining to the 
foot, < pes (ped-) = E. foot : see foot.] 1. a. 1 . 
Pertaining to or connected with a foot or the 
feet: as, pedal extremities. 2. Technically 
(a) Of or pertaining to a foot-like part of the 
body, as of a mollusk; podial: as, a pedal gan- 
glion. (6) Of or pertaining to the pes or hindfoot 
only: opposed to 'manual. 3. Pertaining to the 
feet of perpendiculars let fall from one point 
upon tangents to a fixed locus called a &ai>. 
4 (ped al). In music, relating to a pedal. 
Pedal action, the entire mechanism of pedals, in either 
a pianoforte, organ, or harp, Including the pedals them 
selves, the connecting apparatus of rods, trackers, levers, 
etc., and their attachment to clampers, sliders, etc. Ped- 
al adductor, the posterior adductor muscle of bivalve 
mollusks, the anterior one being distinguished as pallial. 
It Is the only one In the Monomyaria, as oysters and scal- 
lops. Pedal aponeurosls the dorsal fascia of the foot. 
Pedal artery, the dorsal artery of the foot Pedal 
bass, sec organ-point. Pedal board. Same at pedal 
keyboard. Pedal check. In organ-buUding, a device for 
freventing damage to a pedal keyboard when not In use. 
t consists of a bar which prevents the pedal keys from 
being depressed until it is moved. It Is usually controlled 
by a stop-knob. Pedal coupler, In organ-buUding, a 
coupler which connects one of the manual keyboards with 
the pedal keyboard, to that the latter streets the former. 
pedal 
T'sually rich of the keyboardi may be thai coupled to the 
pedili. Pedal curve or surface, the im-n MOM feet of 
the pCTixmdtailarn U-t (all fioiu one point upon the tan- 
gents to another l"<-n I" which the former U pedaL 
Pedal ganglia. ii.fra-esophagel ganglia lu Uie nenrooi 
s>tti-ni SnKlMM. See cut under LameUibranchiala.- 
Pedal harmony In muric. tune as organ-point.-- Pedal 
harp. See Aory. 1.- Pedal key, In organ-building. See 
try'. - Pedal keyboard, In organ-building, the key- 
board or et of loveri Intended to he played by the feet. 
It coniliU of black and white keyi like the manual key. 
Ipoards, only on a larger tcale. Ita uwial compass In inml- 
ern organt U from the Mcond (' below middle c to the D 
or the K next above It It li sometimes contact, the ex- 
treme right and left leven being higher than those In the 
middle, or radiating, the front enda of the levers being 
nearer together than the back endi- both arrangementa 
being Intended to help the player to reach all the ken 
with equal eaae. The pedal keyboard properly sounds the 
top* of the pedal organ : but It may also be coupled with 
either of the manual keyboard*, and thin may simply ex- 
tend the reaourcea of the latter. Pedal keyboard! are 
sometimes added to reed-organs, and even to pianoforte*. 
Bee pedalier, and cut under organ. Pedal line, a line 
through the feet of the three perpendiculars to the three 
sides of a triangle, let fall from any point on the circum- 
ference of the circumscribed circle. -- Pedal muscle, (a) 
In At/num anal., same aa rrtentor bremt digttorum ptdtt 
(which tee, under pat*), () In conch.: (1) Any muscle 
of the foot or podium of a univalve. (2) The posterior 
adductor of a bivalve, when there are two. See cuts 
uuder Attartida and Tridacnidm. Pedal note, either 
a note or a tone produced by a pedal key or the tame 
at organ-point. Pedal organ. In orgm-bvSUH*g, that 
one of the partial organs which Is played from a ped- 
al keyboard. IU compass U usually ahout two or two 
and a half octaves. Its stops are the deepest and most 
sonorous In the Instrument, usually of 10- or 32-feet tone. 
Pedal origin, the fixed point from which the per- 
pendiculars are let fall Pedal passage. In organ-mil- 
lie, a passage or phrase Intended to be performed on 
the pedal keyboard. Pedal piano, a pianoforte with a 
pedal keylioard or pedaller. -Pedal pipe, In mpn ilsaM 
ing, one of the pipes belonging to the pedal organ.- Ped- 
al ratio. See /oof, 11. Pedal rod. In harp-malting, a 
rod connecting a pedal with the mechanism for shorten- 
ing the strings. Pedal soundboard, in organ-building. 
the soundboard of the pedal organ. Pedal stop, In or- 
gan-building, a stop or stop-knob belonging to the pedal 
organ. Pedal vesicle, one of the many little vesicles of 
the water-vascular system of an echlnoderm which are 
connected with the water-feet or tube-feet, and cause the 
latter to protrude when full of water. See cut at KM- 
noidea. 
II. n. (ped'al). 1. Any part of a machine or 
apparatus which i8 intended to receive and 
transmit power from the foot of the operator ; 
a treadle: as, the pedal* of a bicycle. 2. In 
musical instruments, a foot-lever; a metal or 
wooden key or projecting bar operated by the 
foot, (a) In the pianoforte two or three pedals are in 
ate : one to lift the dampers from the strings (the damper - 
prdal or loud pedal} \ one to introduce a muffler between 
the hammers and the strings, or to lessen the distance from 
which the hammers strike, or to move them so that they 
shall strike only one string Instead of the usual two or three 
(the toft ptdat) ; and sometimes one to hold up the dampers 
that happen to be lifted when the pedal is pressed down (the 
nataining pedal\ The use of the damper-pedal Is Indi- 
cated by ixd. at the beginning of the passage where It Is 
needed, and by a * at its end. The use of the soft pedal la 
usually Indicated by some such expression as nna curda, 
'one string.' The use of the sustaining pedal is usually 
left to the player's discretion. (6) In the pipe-organ sev- 
eral different kinds of pedals are used : those which form 
the pedal keyboard, and which are like the keys or digi- 
tals for the hands, but much larger (see pedal keyboard, 
and cut under ororanl); those which control the drawing 
of one or more of the stops (combination pedalt, compon- 
tion pedalt, crescendo pedal, diminuendo pedal, tforzando 
pedal, etc.): that which controls the opening of the blinds 
or shutters of the swell-box (the well pedal), etc. See the 
phrases below, (c) In the reed-organ and harmonium, one 
of the treadles by which the player operates the feeders 
of the bellows. See reed-organ, (d) In the harp, one of 
the foot-levers whereby all or some of the strings may be 
temporarily shortened, and their pitch raised. In modern 
harps seven pedals are used, any one of which may be used 
In two ways, raising the pitch either one or two half -steps ; 
every pedal affects only the strings of a particular letter- 
name. By combining the pedals in various ways the In- 
strument may be set In any desired key (tonalltyX Bee 
cut under harp, (e) Collectively, same as either pedaHty- 
board or pedal organ. 
3. Same as organ-point. 4. A pedal curve or 
surface, or one of which another is the pedal 
curve or surface Balanced pedal. See mvll-ptdal. 
Combination pedal, in oryanlmilding, a metal pedal 
which enables the player to control the use of several stops 
at once by his feet. Such pedals are placed above the ped- 
al keyboard. They are either tingle- or double-acting the 
former serving either to draw or to retire certain stops, 
the result depending upon the registration at the moment 
when the pedal Is used, and the latter serving both to 
draw and to retire certain stops, so that the remit U al- 
ways the same whenever the pedal Is used. Combination 
pedalt are applied to the stop* of all the keyboard!, urn- 
ally beginning with those of the great organ. They In- 
clude a forte pedal (single-acting), which draws all the 
stops of the keyboard to win, h It belongs ; mem pedal 
(usually double-acting^ which draws most of the Impor- 
tant S-feet and 4 -feet stops of Its keyboard ; and a jaano 
prdal (slngle-acttngX which retires all but one or two 
of the lighter stops. Combination pedals do not always 
affect the stop-knobs; if not, they are so made as to be 
hooked down when In use, and when they are released 
the combination made by the stop-knobs remains un- 
changed. Combination pedalt of all the above varieties 
often control also certain of the ttopt of the pedal organ, 
so that, when a given combination on the manual! is used, 
