pedal 
appropriate pedal stops are also drawn. Composition 
pedal. Same as combination pedal. Coupler-pedal, in 
organ-btttidiny, a pedal which controls one of the couplers, 
usually that which unites the great and pedal organs. 
Crescendo pedal. See crexcendo. Diminuendo ped- 
al. See crexcenJu pedal, under crescendo. Double-act- 
ing pedal. Wee oomfifoaUM pedal. Extension-pedal. 
Same as either damper-pedal or sustainitvj pedal. See def. 
2 (a). First negative pedal, the locus to which the 
basis locus is the pedal. First pedal, the pedal curve or 
surface. Forte pedal. See cinnbiiultwii pt'dal. Harp 
pedal, same as soft pedal. Inner pedal. See inner. 
Loud pedal. See def. 2 (a). Mezzo pedal. SeecomW- 
nation pedal. Oblique pedal, a plane curve the locus 
of intersections under a constant angle of lines through a 
flxed point with tangents to a fixed curve. Open pedal. 
Same as Imid pedal. Piano pedal. See conMiuMon 
pedal. Ratchet-pedal. See swell-pedal. Rat-trap 
pedal, a kind of foot-piece used on some bicycles and 
velocipedes, consisting of a flat iron or steel bar bent into 
oblong-rectangular form, and having its meeting ends 
welded together. The pedal-pivot passes midwise from 
end to end of the pedal, through holes made in the ends ; 
and the upper edges of the longer parallel sides are ser- 
rated. The whole thus much resembles a small steel trap 
with open jaws, as when set for catching rats, etc. , whence 
the name. Reversible pedal. See coupler-pedal. 
Second pedal, the pedal of the pedal. Sforzando 
pedal, in organ-tniildiiuj, a pedal which suddenly and 
temporarily brings the entire power of the instrument 
into use, so that a forcible accent can be produced. Sin- 
fle-acting pedal. See combination pedal. Soft pedal. 
ee def. 2 (a). Sustaining pedal. See def. 2 (a). 
" in oryan-buildiny, a pedal which opens the 
Swell-pi . 
shutters or blinds of the swell-box, and so increases the 
power of the tones produced by the pipes in it. TO6- 
and-heel pedal. Same as balanced pedal. 
pedal (ped al), r. . ; pret. and pp. pedaled or 
pedalled, ppr. pedaling or pedalling. [< pedal, 
.] To work a pedal ; use the pedals, as of a 
piano, organ, bicycle, etc. 
It possesses the great advantage over most other edi- 
tions of being carefully fingered, and of having the best 
method of pedalling indicated for all the difficult passages. 
Athenteum, No. 3198, p. 188. 
pedale 1 (pe-da'le), n. ; pi. pedalia (-li-a). [ML., 
neut. of L. pedalis, pertaining to a foot, a foot 
in length or thickness : see pednl.] 1. Afoot- 
cloth or carpet spread in front of an altar. 2. 
A collection of creeds and canons of general 
councils in the Greek Church. 
pedale 2 (pe-da'le), . [ It., = E. pedal.'] Same 
us pedal, 2 (a), or, more often, as pedal keyboard. 
Peaaliacese(pe-da-li-a'se-e),.pZ. [NL. (Lind- 
ley, 1836), < Pedalium + -aceee.] Same as Peda- 
lineee. 
pedalian (pe-da'li-an), a. [< L. pedalis, per- 
taining to the foot (see pedal), + -an.'] Relat- 
ing to the foot, or to a metrical foot; pedal. 
[Rare.] 
Pedalieae (ped-a-li'e-e), n. pi. [NL. (Bentham 
and Hooker, 1876), <. Pedalium + -eas.] A tribe 
of dicotyledonous plants of the order Pedalineee, 
having a two-celled ovary, and distinct anther- 
cells hanging from a glandular connective. It 
includes 5 genera and about 11 species, mainly 
African. 
pedalier (ped'a-ler), . [F.. < pedale, a pedal : 
see pedal.] In pianoforte-making, either a pedal 
keyboard that can be connected directly with 
the keys or digitals of the keyboard, or an inde- 
pendent instrument played from a pedal key- 
board, and appended to a pianoforte. 
Pedalineae(ped-a-lin'e-e),.j>Z. [NL. (R. Brown, 
1810), < Pedalium + -inese.~] An order of dicot- 
yledonous gamopetalous plants of the cohort 
Personales, distinguished by the ovary of two 
carpels becoming one-, two-, four-, or eight- 
celled, and the fruit greatly hardened within, 
around the exalbuminous seeds. It includes 
about 46 species, belonging to 12 genera and 4 tribes, 
natives of warmer regions everywhere, especially of Af- 
rica. Martynia, Sesamum, and Pedalium (the type) are 
the best-known. They are annual or perennial plants, 
covered with rough glandular hairs, mucilaginous over 
the whole surface, and usually strong-scented. They bear 
opposite leaves, or alternate above, and rather large two- 
lipped didynamous flowers, which are solitary or clustered 
in the axils in the Old World species, and form a terminal 
raceme in the American. See cut under Martynia. Also 
Pedaliacex. 
pedalinerved (ped'al-i-nervd), a. In lot. See 
nervation. 
pedalion (pe-da'li-on), . [< pedal + -ion, as in 
accordion.] Same as pedalier. 
pedalist (ped'al-ist), n. [< pedal + -ist.] A 
musician, considered with reference to his skill 
in using the pedals of his instrument. 
An eminent pianist and remarkable pedalist. 
Grove's Diet. Music, II. 678. 
pedaliter (pe-dal'i-ter), adv. [NL., < L. pedalis, 
pertaining to the foot (see pedal), + adv. term. 
-ter.] In organ-music, upon the pedal keyboard : 
opposed to maiiualitcr. 
pedality (pe-dal'i-ti), . [< L. pedalis, pertain- 
ing to the foot (see pedal), + -i-ty.] Measure- 
ment by paces. Ash. [Rare.] 
4352 
Pedalium (pe-da'li-um), n. [NL. (Royen, 1767), 
so called in ' allusion to the dilated angles of 
the fruit ; < L. pedalion, < Gr. xr/6a/,iav, a cer- 
tain plant, < irt/od'Aiov, a rudder, < 7n?rfof or ir^S&v, 
the blade of an oar, an oar, in pi. m/Sa, a rud- 
der.] A genus of smooth annual herbs, type 
of the order Pedalinese and the tribe Pedali- 
ese, known by the peculiar hard obtuse fruit, 
which has a cylindrical solid base, and above 
swells into an ovoid form, becoming pyramidal, 
with four obtuse angles, on each of which is a 
spreading conical spine or horn. The only spe- 
cies, P. Murex, is a native of India and tropical Africa. 
It is a smooth annual herb, with musky odor, somewhat 
branching, with opposite or alternate broad and coarsely 
toothed leaves, and yellow flowers solitary in the axils. 
The fresh branches stirred in water or milk render it 
temporarily mucilaginous without changing the taste, 
odor, or color. They are used in markets of India in the 
preparation of adulterated buttermilk, and the mucilagi- 
nous seeds are used in native poultices. 
pedal-point (ped'al-point), n. Same as organ- 
point Double pedal-point, in music, a passage in 
which two tones, usually the tonic and the dominant, are 
sustained while the harmony is developed independently. 
See organ-point. 
pedaneous (pe-da'ne-us), a. [< L. pedaneus, 
of the size or dimension of a foot, < pes (ped-) 
= 'E.foot.] Going on foot; walking. [Rare.] 
pedant (ped'ant), n. [= D. G. Dan. Sw. pedant, 
< F. pedant = Sp. Pg. pedante, < It. pedante, a 
teacher, schoolmaster, pedant; contracted < L. 
psedagogan(t-)s, ppr. of psedagogare, teach, < 
psedagogiis, a teacher, pedagogue: see peda- 
gogue.] 1. A schoolmaster; a teacher; a ped- 
agogue. 
A domineering pedant o'er the boy. 
Shak., L. L. L., Hi. 1. 179. 
He loves to have a fencer, a pedant, and a musician 
seen in his lodging a-mornings. 
B. Jonson, Cynthia's Revels, ii. 1. 
2. A person who overrates erudition, or lays 
an undue stress on exact knowledge of detail 
or of trifles, as compared with larger matters 
or with general principles ; also, one who makes 
an undue or inappropriate display of learning. 
Such a driveller as Sir Roger, so bereft of all manner of 
pride, which is the characteristic of a pedant, is what one 
would not believe would come into the head of the same 
man who drew the rest of the play. 
Steele, Spectator, No. 270. 
He [James L] bad, in fact, the temper of a pedant, a. pe- 
dant's conceit, a pedant's love of theories, and a pedant's 
inability to bring his theory into any relation with actual 
facts. J. R. Green, Hist. Eng. People, vii. 3. 
pedantic (pe-dan'tik), a. [< pedan t + -ic. Cf. 
D. G. pedaiitisch = Sw. Dan. pedantisk.] Of, 
pertaining to, or characteristic of a pedant or 
pedantry ; overrating the importance of mere 
learning ; also, making an undue or inappropri- 
ate display of learning ; of language, style, etc., 
exhibiting pedantry; absurdly learned: as, a 
pedantic air. 
We borrow words from the French, Italian, Latine, as 
every Pedantick Man pleases. Selden, Table-Talk, p. 64. 
He was a man of gallantry, and despised all that wore 
the pedantic appearance of philosophy. 
Goldsmith, The Bee, No. 2. 
He [Baron Finch] had enjoyed high fame as an orator, 
though his diction, formed on models anterior to the civil 
wars, was, toward the close of his life, pronounced stiff and 
pedantic by the wiu of the rising generation. 
Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vii. 
pedantical(pe-dan'ti-kal), a. [{pedantic + -al] 
Same as pedantic. 
Three-piled hyperboles, spruce affectation, 
Figures pedantieal. Shak., L. L. L., v. 2. 408. 
pedantically (pe-dan'ti-kal-i), adv. In a pe- 
dantic manner ; with pedantry, 
pedanticism (pe-dan'ti-sizm), . [< pedantic 
+ -ism.] Something pedantic; a pedantic no- 
tion or expression. 
Perhaps, as Cuninghame suggests, Inigo's theory was 
simply an embodiment of some pedanticiym of James I. 
The Portfolio, No. 235, p. 129. 
pedanticly (pe-dan'tik-li), adv. Same as pe- 
dantically. 
pedantism (ped'an-tizm), n. [< F. pSdantisme 
= Sp. Pg. pedaniismo ; as pedant + -ism.] It. 
The office or work of a pedagogue. Coles, 1717. 
2. Pedantry. 
pedantize (ped'an-tiz), v. i. ; pret. and pp. ^etton - 
ti:ed, ppr. pedantizing. [<. pedant + -ize.] To 
play the pedant ; domineer over pupils ; use pe- 
dantic expressions. 
peclantocracy (ped-an-tok'ra-si), n. [< F. pe- 
dantocratie (Auguste Comte), < pedant, pedant, 
+ Gr. -Kparla, < xparelv, rule.] The government, 
sway, or rule of a pedant or of pedants; the 
supremacy or power of bookish theorists; a 
system of government founded on mere book- 
learning. 
pedder 
pedantry (ped'an-tri), n. [= D. G. pedanterie 
= Sw. Dan. pedanteri, < F. pedanterie = Sp. 
pedanteria = Pg. It. pedanteria - ; as pedant + 
-ry.] 1. The manners, acts, or character of 
a pedant; the overrating of mere knowledge, 
especially of matters of learning which are 
really of minor importance ; also, ostentatious 
or inappropriate display of learning. 
Pedantry proceeds from much reading and little under- 
standing. A pedant among men of learning and sense is 
like an ignorant servant giving an accountof a polite con- 
versation. Steele, Taller, No. 244. 
Pedantry consists in the use of words unsuitable to the 
time, place, and company. 
Coleridge, Biographia Literaria, x. 
The more pretentious writers, like Peter of Blois, wrote 
perhaps with fewer solecisms, but with more pedantry, and 
certainly lost freedom by straining after elegance. 
Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 163. 
2. Undue addiction to the forms of a particu- 
lar profession, or of some one line of life. 
There ia&pedantry in manners, as in all arts and sciences ; 
and sometimes in trades. Pedantry is properly the over- 
rating any kind of knowledge we pretend to. And if that 
kind of knowledge be a trifle in itself, the pedantry is the 
greater. Swift, On Good Manners. 
pedantyt (ped'an-ti), n. [< pedant + -y. Per- 
haps an eiTor for pedantry,] Pedants collec- 
tively. 
You cite them to appeare for certaine Paragogicall con- 
tempts, before a capricious P&dantie of hot liver'd Gram- 
marians. Milton, On Def. of Humb. Remonst. 
pedarian (pe-da'ri-an), n. [< li.pedarius, per- 
taining to the foot, {pes (ped-) = E.foot.] One 
of those Roman senators who, as merely ex 
officio senators (as the pontifex maximus and 
the flamen dialis), or as not yet having been 
entered by the censors on the roll, had no 
vote,' but had the right to speak, and to make 
expression of opinion by walking over to the 
side they espoused when a vote or division 
was had. 
pedaryt (ped'a-ri), n. [< ML. "pedarium (?), 
neut. of L. pedarius, pertaining to the foot : see 
pedarian.] A consecrated sandal worn by a 
pilgrim. 
Some brought forth . . . manuaries for handlers of rel- 
icks, some pedaries for pilgrims, some osculariea for kiss- 
era. Latimer, Sermons and Remains, I. 49. (Davies.) 
Pedata (pe-da'ta), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi. of L. 
pedatws: see pedate.] The pedate holothurians, 
a division of Holothuroidea, having numerous 
ambulacral feet : distinguished from Apoda. 
pedate (ped'at), a. [< ii.pedatus, pp. ofpedare, 
furnish with feet, foot, < pes (ped-) = E./oof : 
see pedal.] 1. Having divisions like toes; in 
bot., having the two lateral lobes themselves 
Pedate Leaf of Hellebore 
(Helleborusfxtidus). 
Pedate Leaf of }'iola fedata. 
divided into smaller segments, the midribs of 
which do not run directly into the common cen- 
tral point, as a palmate leaf, such as the leaf of 
ffelleborus foetidus. 2. In zool.: (a) Flattened 
out like a foot ; palmate; serving as or for a foot. 
(6) Footed ; having feet or foot-like parts. 
pedatifid (pe-dat'i-fid), a. [< L. pedatus, fur- 
nished with 'feet (see pedate), + fin dere (-\/ fid), 
divide, cleave.] In bot., having the veining 
pedate, but the divisions of the lobes extending 
only half-wav to the midrib: said of a leaf. 
pedatinerved (pe-dat'i-nervd), a. [< L. peda- 
tus, furnished with feet (see pedate), + nervus, 
nerve, + -ed 2 .] In bot., having the nerves ar- 
ranged in a pedate manner : said of a leaf. 
pedatipartite (pe-dat"i-par'tit), o. [< L. peda- 
tus, furnished with feet, + partitus, pp. of par- 
tire, part: see part.] In bot., parted in a ped- 
ate manner; having the venation pedate, and 
the lobes almost free : said of a leaf. 
pedatisect (pe-dat'i-sekt), a. [< li.pedatiix, fur- 
nished with feet, + sectus, pp. of secare, cut, cut 
off.] In bot., having the venation pedate, and 
the divisions of the lobes reaching nearly to the 
midrib : said of a leaf. 
pedder (ped'er), n. [Formerly also (Sc.)jMar, 
jii-ddir; < ME. pedder, peiidarr, jH'dcr, /icdare, 
l/eddere. < ped, a basket (see ped), 4- -erl. Hence 
peddler.] A peddler; a hawker. [Scotch.] 
