Raceme of Herberts vul- 
garis, showing the pedicels. 
a, a flower, enlarged, show- 
ing the pedicel ana a part of 
tne rachis with the bract. 
pedicel 
of L. pediculus, a little foot, dim. of pes (ped-) 
= E. foot."] 1. In hot., the ultimate division of 
a common peduncle; the 
stalk that supports one 
flower only when there 
are several on a pedun- 
cle. Any short and small foot- 
stalk, although it does not stand 
upon another footstalk, is like- 
wise called a pedicel. See cuts 
under Cordyceps and Diat&ma- 
cege. Also pediculus. 
The pedicel, or prolongation 
of the rostellum, to which in 
many exotic species of Orchids 
the pollen masses are attached. 
Darwin, Fertil. of Orchids by 
Unseats, p. 5. 
2. In zool. and anat., a lit- 
tle foot or foot-like part ; 
a footlet; a footstalk, 
pedicle, or peduncle, (a) 
In zoophytes, the stalk or stem. 
(6) In echinoderms, one of the 
suckers or ambulacral feet. See 
cuts under Echinoidea and Sy- 
napta. (c) The peduncle of a 
cirriped. (d) The pedicle of a vertebra. See pedicle, 2 (6). 
(e) In entom. : (1) The third joint of an antenna, especially 
when this is geniculate or elbowed, in which case the 
pedicel is articulated laterally to the second joint, or 
scape, and serves as a base for the succeeding joints : par- 
ticularly used in descriptions of Hymenoptcra, as in the 
Chttlcididse and Proclntrupidse. (2) The basal joint of the 
abdomen, when this is long and slender, as in many Hy- 
menaptcra and Diptera. Also called petiole. =Syn. 2. See 
peduncle. 
pedicel-cell (ped'i-sel-sel), . In the Ckara- 
cex, the short flask-shaped cell which supports 
the antheridium. 
pedicelLiria (ped"i-se-la'ri-a), n. ; pi. pedicel- 
larix (-e). [NL., (.pedicellm, pedicel, + -area.] 
In echinoderms, a small two-pronged pincer- 
like body upon the exterior, as of a starfish, at- 
tached to the spines and to the body-wall. See 
cut under EcMnoidea. 
The pedicellari& are . . . dermal organs of a peculiar 
character which are found in the Asteroida as well as in 
the Echinoida. They consist of a stalk-like muscular pro- 
cess of the integument^ which is supported at its end by 
a fine calcareous skeleton ; it terminates in two or three 
pincer-like valves which are movable on one another. 
Gegeribaur, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 207. 
Pedicellata (ped"i-se-la'ta), n.pl. [NL., neut. 
pi. of*pedicellatus: see pedicellate."] InCuvier's 
system (1817), the first order of Echinodermata, 
including the three families of starfishes, sea- 
urchins, and holothurians, which have pedicels 
protruding through ambulacra or their equiva- 
lents : contrasted with Anoda. 
pedicellate (ped'i-sel-at), a. [< NL. "pedicel- 
latus, < pedicellus, pedicel : see pedicel, pedicel- 
lus.] Provided with a pedicel or pedicels; 
pedunculate; specifically, of or pertaining to 
the Pedicellata. Also pedicelled, pedicellated. 
See cut under Ceecidotca. 
pedicellated (ped'i-sel-a-ted), a. [< pedicellate 
+ -ed 2 .] Same as pedicellate. 
pedicellation (ped"i-se-la'shon), w. [< pedicel- 
late + -ion."] In liot., the state or condition of 
being pedicelled, or provided with pedicels. 
pedicelled (ped'i-seld), . [< pedicel + -ed 2 .] 
Same as pedicellate. 
pedicelliform (ped'i-sel-i-f orm); a. [< NL. pedi- 
cellus, pedicel, + L. forma, form.] In bot., hav- 
ing the form of a pedicel ; resembling a pedicel. 
[Bare.] 
Ramuli [of Papulospora sepedonioides] pedicelliform, 
ascending, septate. Jtf. C. Cooke, British Fungi, II. 618. 
pedicellus (ped-i-sel'us), . ; pi. pedicetli (-1). 
[NL.: see pedicel.] 1. In lot., a pedicel. 2. 
In entom., the third joint of the antenna (count- 
ing the bulbus), between the scapus and the 
flagellum. 
pedicle (ped'i-kl), n. [< L. pediculus, a little 
foot, dim. of pes (ped-) = E. foot: see foot."] 
It. A foot-iron. Compare manacle (originally 
manicle). 
Manicles and pedicles of iron. 
Quoted in N. and Q., 7th ser., III. 205. 
2. A pedicel or peduncle. 
The cause of the holding green [all winter] is the close 
and compact substance of their leaves, and the pedicles of 
them. Bacon, Nat. Hist., 592. 
Specifically (a) The bony process supporting the antler 
of the Cervidx, or deer family. (b) The foot of the neural 
arch of a vertebra, usually a contracted part of such an 
arch (in comparison with its lamina), whereby the arch 
joins the body or centrum of the vertebra. The pedicles of 
any two contiguous vertebrae circumscribe the interverte- 
bral foramina for the exit of spinal nerves. = Syn. 2 See 
peduncle. 
pedicular (pe-dik'u-lar), a. [= F. pediculaire 
= Sp. Pg. pedicular = It. pediculare, < L. pedi- 
4354 
cularis, pertaining to lice, < pediculus, a louse, 
dim. ofpedis, a louse, < pes (ped-) = E. foot.] 
Same as pediculous. Howell, Parly of Beasts, 
p. 26. 
Pedicularia (pe-dik-u-la'ri-a), n. [NL., < L. 
pedicularis, pertaining to lice: see pedicular.] 
The typical genus of Pediculariidee : so called 
from some fancied resemblance to a louse. 
The shell is oblong and slightly involute, and 
the species live chiefly on corals. 
Pediculariacea (pe-dik-u-la-ri-a'se-a), n. pi. 
[NL., < Pedicularia' + -acea.] Same as Pedi- 
culariidse. 
Pedicularlid8e(pe-dik"u-la-ri'i-de), n.pl. [NL., 
< Pedicularia + -'idee.] A family of teenioglos- 
sate rostriferous gastropods, typified by the 
genus Pedicularia. They have a peculiar dentition, 
the central tooth having a mnlticuspid crown, the lateral 
being transverse and multicuspid, and the marginal long, 
narrow, and paucidigitate ; the foot is small, and the man- 
tle thick and not reflected or extended into a siphon. The 
shell is oblong and feebly involute. They are chiefly para- 
sitic on corals. By some conchologists they are referred 
to a family Amphiperasid&, and both to the Cyprseidse. 
Pedicularis (pe-dik-u-la'ris), w. [NL. (Eivinus, 
1690), < L. pedicularis, so. herba, lousewort, 
prop, adj., pertaining to lice: see pedicular.] 
A large genus of scrophulariaceous plants, of 
the tribe Euphrasieas, formerly made the type 
of a distinct order Pediculares (Jussieu, 1789), 
and characterized by the equal anther-cells and 
alternate or whorled leaves ; lousewort. There 
are over 135 species, mostly montane, alpine, or arctic, na- 
tives of Europe, North America, and northern and central 
Asia, and (a very f ew)of the mountainsof South America and 
India. They are perennial herbs, with the leaves pinnately 
or irregularly cut> developed chiefly at the base of the stem 
and becoming bract-like above. The flowers form a ter- 
minal spike, usually yellow or reddish, often one-sided, 
and followed by compressed projecting curved and beaked 
capsules. P. Canadenms is the wood-betony or high heal- 
all, common in North American woodlands, with fine-cut 
fern-like leaves and curving yellow and red variegated 
flowers. P. Sceptrum-Carolinum is the King Charles's 
scepter, a tall wand-like Scandinavian species with abun- 
dant purple and gold flowers. Some species are cultivated, 
chiefly from seed, and are known collectively as lousewort. 
a name derived from the common British heath- and 
swamp-louseworts or red-rattles, long imagined to breed 
lice in sheep that feed on them an idea apparently found- 
ed merely on their presence in poor soil. 
pediculate (pe-dik'u-lat), a. and . [< NL. 
pediculatus, < pediculus, a pedicle: see pedicle, 
pedicule.] I. a. 1. Provided with a pedicel or 
pedicels; pedicellate; pedunculate. 2. Per- 
taining to the Pediculati, or having their char- 
acters: as, a pediculate fish. 
II. 11. A pediculate fish ; any member of the 
Pediculati. 
Pediculati (pe-dik-u-la'ti), . pi. [NL., pi. of 
pediculatus: see pediculate.] A group of teleost 
fishes, characterized by the elongated basis of 
the pectoral fins simulating an arm or peduncle, 
to which various limits and values have been as- 
signed, (o) A family containing the Batrachidee as well 
as true Pediculati (= 6, c, d). (b) A family containing all 
the representatives of the restricted group, (c) A sub- 
order referred to the order Acanthopterygii or Teleo- 
cephali. (d) An order divided into the families Lophiidx, 
Antennariidx, Ceratzidte, and Malthcidtt. It is generally 
accepted in the sense (b) by European ichthyologists, and 
in the sense (d) by all recent American ichthyologists. 
The principal characters are the connection of the verte- 
bral column with the skull by suture, the junction of the 
epiotics behind the supraoccipital, the elongation and re- 
duced number of the actinosts supporting the pectorals, 
and the position of the branchial apertures in the axillae 
of the pectorals. See cuts under angler, antennariid, bat- 
fish, and Ceratiidx. 
pediculation (pe-dik-u-la'shon), . [< LL. pe- 
diculatio(n-), lousiness, < L. pediculus, a louse : 
see pedicular.] Infestation with lice; lousi- 
ness; phthiriasis. 
pedicule (ped'i-kul), . [< NL. pediculus : see 
pedicle.] In zool. and anat., a pedicel, pedicle, 
or peduncle. 
Head-louse (PediculMS 
cafitis), magnified. 
(Leach, 
principal fam- 
ily of the hemipterous suborder Parasitica. 
These lice are small wingless insects which live on the 
skin of mammals and suck their blood. The mouth is fur- 
nished with a fleshy unjointed proboscis which can be pro- 
truded and withdrawn. Within this are two protrusible 
knife-like stylets, and at its base, when extended, is a cir- 
clet of recurved hooks. The eyes are small, simple, and 
two in number, the antenna' are five-jointed, and the legs 
are fitted for clinging and climbing. The principal genera 
are Pedicuius, Phthirius, and Hsematopinus. 
Pediculina (pe-dik-u-li'na), n. pi. [NL., neut. 
pi. of pediculinus : see pediculine.] 1. Same as 
Pediculides. 2. Lice proper, as a suborder or 
other superfamily group of degraded parasitic 
hemipterous insects, apterous and ametabolous, 
with small indistinctly segmented thorax, en- 
larged abdomen, and mandibulate mouth. See 
Anoplura, Mallophaga, and louse 1 . 
pedigree 
pediculine (pe-dik'u-lin), a. [< NL. pedicu- 
linus, pertaining to a louse, < L. pediculus, a 
louse: see Pediculus.] Louse-like; of or per- 
taining to the Pediculina. 
pediculosis (pe-dik-u-16'sis), . [NL., < L. pedi- 
culus, a louse,'+ -osis.] The presence of lice; 
lousiness ; phthiriasis. 
pediculous (pe-dik'u-lus), a. [< L. pediculo- 
sus, full of lice', < pediculus, a louse : see pedicu- 
lar.'] Lousy ; infested with lice ; affected with 
phthiriasis. 
Like a lowsy pediculous vermin, thou'st but one suit to 
thy back. DeMer, Satiromastix. (Davies.) 
Pediculous friars. Landor, Dialogues (King James I. 
[and Isaac Casaubon). 
pediculus 1 (pe-dik'u-lus), n. [NL., < L. pedi- 
culus, a footstalk, pedicel: see pedicel."] In 
bot., same as pedicel. 
Pediculus 2 (pe-dik'u-lus), n. [NL. (Linnayus, 
1735), < L. pediculus, a louse.] 1. The leading 
genus of Pediculidse, hav- 
ing the thorax distinct 
from and narrower than 
the abdomen, and the 
head conical and contract- 
ed at the base. The head- 
louse and body-louse of man, 
P. capitis and P. vestiinenti. are 
examples. The latter is often 
found in the seams of dirty 
clothing, and is commonly call- 
ed grayback. The crab-louse is 
now placed in a different genus, 
Phthirius. 
2. [I.e.; pi.pedieuU(-li).] 
A louse. 
In pruritus due to pediculi the 
drug excels all others. 
Medical News, LII. 520. 
Pediculus inguinalis. or pe- 
diculus pubis. See Phthmus. 
pedicure (ped'i-kur), n. [< L. pes (ped-), = E. 
foot, + cura, cure.] 1. The cure or care of 
the feet. Compare manicure. 2. One whose 
business is the surgical care of the feet. 
Orthopedists, dentists, pedicures, trained nurses, and 
veterinarians. Science, XIV. 308. 
pedieux (ped-ie'), n. pi. [P., < L. pes (ped-) 
= E. foot] The solleret of the elaborate 
armor worn in the fifteenth and sixteenth cen- 
turies. 
Pedifera (pe-dif'e-ra), n.pl. [NL. (J. E. Gray, 
1849), neut. pi. or pcdifer: see pediferous.] A 
primary group of mollusks, constituted for the 
Gasteropoda and Concliifera: contrasted with 
the Apoda, which comprised the Pteropoda, Ce- 
phalopoda, and Brachiopoda. [Not now used.] 
Pediferia (ped-i-fe'ri-a), n. pi. [NL., < L. pes 
(ped-), = "E.foot, + ferre = E. bear*.] A fam- 
ily of bivalves, embracing all the fresh-water 
forms. 
pediferous (pf-dif'e-rus), a. [< NL. pedifer, < 
L. pes (ped-)', = E".' foot, + ferre = E. bear!.] 
Footed; having feet or foot-like parts; pedige- 
rous. 
pediform (ped'i-form), a. [< L. pes (ped-), = 
E. foot, + forma, form.] Having the form of a 
foot ; resembling a foot ; foot-shaped ; foot-like. 
Westwood Pediform palpus. Same a&pedipalp. 
pedigerous (pe-dij'e-rus), a. [< L. pes (ped-), 
= E.foot, + gerere, bear.] Bearing feet or legs ; 
pediferous: especially noting those segments 
of articulated animals which bear legs or feet. 
See cut under Apus. 
pedigree (ped'i-gre), n. [Early mod. E. also 
pedigre, pedegree, pedigrew, petigree, pettigre, 
pettigrew, petygrewe, pettegrye, < ME. pede- 
gnt, pedegrw, pedygru, pedegrewe, petygrwe, in 
Prompt. Parv. (A. D. 1440), also in documents 
a few years earlier, pedegrewe, petygreu, peedi- 
gree, and in ML. pedicru, pe de gre, pedigree 
the orig. type indicated by these forms being 
pedegru, or "pedegrue, or as three words *pe de 
grue, obviously of OF. origin. The only OF. 
term answering to this form is pied de grue, 
crane's foot : pied, piet, pie, nom. also pez, < L. 
pes (ped-), foot; de, < L. de, of; grue, < L. grus, 
crane : see foot (and pedal, etc. ), dc%, Grus, and 
crane 1 . No record of the use of OF. pied de 
grue in the sense of ' pedigree,' or in any relation 
thereto, has been found; if so used (and no other 
explanation of the ME. forms seems possible), 
it must have been a fanciful application, in 
restricted AF. use, perhaps in allusion to the 
branching lines of a pedigree as drawn out on 
paper (cf. crow's-foot, applied to the lines of 
age about the eyes). The crane was at the 
time in question very common in England and 
