Pempheris 
Pempheris (peni-fe'ns), . (NL., < Gr. m /;;/- 
f>/r, a kind of fish. ] A ^enns of liMhes, typical 
of the family I'i IH/I/H i n/nl;i'. 
Ptmfktrit manfuta. 
Pemphiginae (pem-fi-ii'ne), n. pi. [NL. (Koch, 
MH), < I'cniiiltit/Hx + -(.] A subfamily of 
. 1 1 ill id iila; containing the gall-making plant-lice 
iind others, having the thinl diseuiilnl vein with 
one fork or simple, the hind wing with one or 
A Memlter of the Pentfkigittu. ( Cross ahows natural size.) 
two oblique veins, and the honey-tubes tuber- 
culiform if present. It contains a number of wide- 
spread genera, of which Schizoneura and Pemphigta are 
the most notable. The body is obese and obtuse, and Is 
covered with a cottony secretion, and the antennse are 
six-Jointed. These aphlds live chiefly on forest trees and 
shrubs, seldom molesting cultivated fruit-trees. Also 
spelled l'<'ini>lii;rina. See also cut under Panphitnu. 
pemphigoid (pem'fl-goid), a. [< pemphigus + 
-oia.] Kesembling pemphigus ; of the nature 
of pemphigus: as, pemphigoid eruptions. 
pemphigus (pem'fi-gus), n. [NL., < Or. ?r^(f 
(-^() -), a bubble, blister, pustule ; akin to vou- 
^jiAvf, a bubble, > E. gompholyx.] 1. An affec- 
tion of the skin, consisting of eruptions (bullw) 
of various sizes, from that of a pea to that of a 
walnut, usually with accompaniment of fever. 
Also called pompholyx and bladdery fever. 2. 
In i-ii linn.: (a) [cap.'] A genus of plant-lice or 
Poplar leaf Gall-louse lf><mf/iifut fefHli 
". fall, just forming, t>cncath ; 6, gall. Just forming, above; c, per. 
feet Kail, Iwneath ; it, e, young double galls: /. stem-mother (line 
shows natural size) ; f, winged female (cross shows natural size). 
aphids of the subfamily Pemphigimf (Hartig, 
1841). They are usually large species, with a copious 
waxy secretion, which deform the leaves of certain plants 
and sometimes produce galls. Thus, P. populicaulut makes 
galls at the base of the leaves of the coitonwood (Popului 
moniUfen). (ft) An aphid of the genus Pemphi- 
iiux: ;if. the vagabond pemphigus, P.vagabunda. 
Pemphredon (pem-fre'don), n. [NL. (Latreille, 
1790), < Gr. irfftfyinSuv, a kind of wasp; cf. rev- 
.iHHHlatHS. (Cross shows n.uiir.il si.' 
H/II/I'IUI; lii^/ilili.n , ete., ;i hornet : see .tllllifi liu.\ 
A goiuiH of wasps, typical of the fsunilv /'.- 
I'hi-iiliiniihi; having the fore wilit,'-. with twn 
recurrent nervures, one arising from the tir-i 
and the other from the !< mil Miluimr^inal eell. 
/'. luffubru, a nnnmon Kuropean wasp, burrows III decay- 
lug posts, rails, and logs, anil provisions Itstell with plant- 
lice. /'. minuttu burrows in the sand. 
Pemphredonidae (pem-fre-.li.n'i-de), . /'. 
[NL. (I)ahlboni, 1K35), < f'i nijilin-iliat + -iV/>.] 
A family of wasps, typified by the genus I'em- 
I'lif'il'ni. They arc lilnck, sli-ndi r, mostly small, with 
Urge head and ovatolanceolatt- ,i"! I on n 
slightly curve<l petiole. The family contains about 
genera, whose members make tln-ir cells In wood or li..l- 
low plant-stalks or In tin- ground, :m.l provision them 
with aphids. thrlpses, and other small Insect*. 
Pemphredoninse (pem-fre-do-ni'ne), n. pi. 
[NL., < 1'im/ihredon + -inir.] ' A subfamily of 
Spheijitlte or digger-wasps, containing species 
of small size with large head, ovate petiolated 
abdomen, and two complete submarginal <-i !U 
of the fore wings. 
pen 1 (pen), r. t. ; pret. and pp. penned or pent, 
ppr. penning. [Formerly also sometimes pend 
(to which the pret. pent in part belongs) (see 
vend 1 ) ; < ME. pennen, also in romp, bi-pennen, 
\ AS. "pennian, shut up (only in comp. onpen- 
wan(not 'onpinnian), in the once-occurring pp. 
onpcunad, ' unpen,' open) ; prob. = LO. pennen, 
liniinen, bolt (a door): appar. from a noun, AS. 
pinn ('penn not found), a pin (of a hasp or lock), 
= 1&.penn, a pin, peg(seem'M' andpej|2) : gee, 
however, pen 1 , n. The verb pen seems to have 
been more or less confused with the related verb 
pini, and, in the var. pendl, with the diff. verb 
pind, pound 3 , put in pound, impound : see pin 1 , 
pind, pound 9 .] To shut, inclose, or confine in 
or as in a pen or other narrow place ; hem in ; 
coop up ; confine or restrain within very narrow 
limits : frequently with up. 
My Lady and ray love Is cruelly pend 
In doleful] ditrkenes from the vew of day. 
Spnuer, F. Q., IIL xi. 11. 
I saw many flocket of Ooats In Savoy, which they ptnne 
at night in certalne low rooraes under their dwelling- 
houses. Coryat, Crudities, 1. si. 
Every rule and Instrument of necessary knowledge Unit 
God hath given us ought to be so In proportion as may 
bee weilded and manag'd by the life of man without pen- 
ning him up from the duties of humane society. 
Mttton, On Def. of Humb. Remonst. 
Our common Master did not j>?n 
His followers up from other men. 
Whittirr, The Meeting. 
pen 1 (pen), n. [Formerly also pend (see pen*, 
v.), < ME. *penn, < AS. penn, a pen, fold; also 
in comp. hacapenn (hacti, hook: see hake 1 ): a 
rare word, appar. from the verb: see pen 1 , r.] 
1. A small inclosure, as for cows, sheep, fowls, 
etc.; a fold; a sty; a coop. 
She in pent his flocks will fold. 
Dryden, tr. of Horace's Epodes, II. 69. 
2. Any inclosure resembling a fold or pen for 
animals. 
We have him In a i- n. he cannot scape us. 
Fletcher, Double Marriage, v. 1. 
The place [in the House of Lords] where visitors were 
allowed to go was a little pen at the left of the entrance, 
where not over ten people could stand at one time. 
T. C. Crawford, English Life, p. 67. 
Tom pushed back his chair, and explained that he was 
just going to begin building some rail pen* to hold the 
corn when It should be gathered and shucked. 
E. Kijgleitun, The Qraysons, xxx. 
3. In the fisheries, a movable receptacle on 
board ship where fish are put to be iced, etc. 
4. A small country house in' the mountains of 
Jamaica. 
The admiral for instance had a semaphore In the sta- 
tionary flag shin at Port Royal which communicated with 
another at bis /'< or residence near Kingston. 
Tom Cringle't Log, p. 230. 
pen'- 3 (pen). H. [< ME. penne, pene, a feather, a 
pen for writing, a pipe (pi. pennes, feathers, 
wings). < OF. penne,pene, F. penne = Pr. pena = 
It. penna, a feather, wing, a pen for writing, = 
AS. pinn, a pin or peg, also a style for writing (in 
the gloss "rnith pinn vel uuritisaex [*writseaxj, 
calami") (rare in both uses), = D. 7)01 = MLG. 
penne = Icel. penni = Sw. penna = Dan. pen, a 
pen,< LL. penna, a pen, namely a quill used for 
writing, a particular use of L. penna, also pin- 
n, i, ;i feather, in pi. a wing, also a feather on 
an arrow, hence poet, an arrow, also (in form 
pinna) a pinnacle, a float or bucket of a water- 
wheel, etc., also a fin (= AS.finn, E.finl); ML. 
also a probe, pin; OL. pesna, orig. petna, with 
formative -na, < / pmt, fly, and thus ult. akin 
to Gr. irrepdv = E. feather: see./iii 1 and feather.] 
1. A feather, especially a large feather, of the 
wing or tail; a quill. 
pen 
A.,.! ..i bin- liii.l,, ., i,il .,( tli,- /,-,,,,< hire Wimge., 
mi n maken liowfs fulle xtrongr, to whote with Arwet 
Hii'l (Juuri II. . ilaiulenUr, Travels, p. 200. 
The swans, whose prut as white as Ivory. 
Greene, Madrigal. 
The proud peacock, overcharged with prnM, 
Is fain to sweep the groutnl with IIJN grown train. 
B. Jinuum, Staple of News, V. 2. 
On mighty pen* uplifted, soar* the eagle aloft 
Teat qf llaydn't Creation. 
2. A quill, as of a goose or other lar^e binl, 
rut to a point and split at the nib, used for 
writing; now, by extension, any instrument 
( usually of steel, (fold, or other metal) of similar 
form, used for writing by means of a fluid ink. 
Various forms of Pens. 
I, quill pen. In which is the feather, t the hudr. and e On a* I 
9, steel pen and penholder, a being the handle, i a ferrule fitted to * 
and having a clamping socket into which the |>en r \% inserted and 
there held by pressure: 3 and 4. fountain-pens: the body of the 
handle a is a hollow reservoir for Ink, it Ihe pen-lwldinf device, 
and f aad rf are metal rods passing through small holes into the ink 
reservoir, alone whkh the Ink flows by capillary action to keep the 
pen f supplied. 
Pens of steel or gold have almost superseded the old quill 
pens. Pens are also manufactured to some extent of other 
metallic substances, Mich a* silver, platinum, and alumini- 
um bronze. Oold pens are usually tipped with a native 
alloy of osmium and irldltini. They possess the advantage 
of being incorrodible by Ink, besides having a ttne, quill 
like flexibility, and are exceedingly durable. 
The gloae gloryousllche was wryte, wyth a gylt penn*. 
Pun Plowman (C'X xx. U. 
He askyd pene and yoke, and wrotte hys sonne. 
Turlnnyton, Untie of Eng. Travel!, p. 61. 
>0(er North wrote to his sister, Mrs. Foley, on March 
8, 17OO-1: " Yon will hardly tell by what you see that 
I write with a steel pen. It is a device come out of France, 
of which the original was very good and wrote very well, 
but this Is but a copy 111 made. " X. and (J., 7th ser, V. 498. 
If the sovereign must needs take a part in the contro- 
versy, the pen Is the proper weapon to combat error with, 
not the sword. 
I;., ittiti,,i, Introd. to Morals and Legislation, xlll. 17. 
Beneath the rule of men entirely great, 
The pen Is mightier than the sword. 
Bviuer, Richelieu, IL 2. 
3. One who uses a pen; a writer; a penman. 
Those learned pent which report that the Druids did 
instruct the ancient Britons. f'idter. 
I had rather stand in the shock of a haslllacu than In the 
fury of a merciless pen. 
Sir T. Brmrnr, Kellgio Medici (ed. 1680), IL 111. 
4. Style or quality of writing. 
The man has a clever pen, It must be owned. 
Additon, Tory Foxhimter. 
St. A pipe ; a conduit. 
The water that goth thorough the leden penne 
Is rnst-corrupte, unhoolsom. 
Pallailiui, Husbondrie (E. E. T. 8.), p. 177. 
6. A female swan, the male being called a fob. 
Yarrell, British Birds. 7. In Cej)halopoda, an 
internal homogeneous corneous or chitinous 
structure replacing the internal shell in certain 
decacerous cephalopods, such as the typical 
squids (l.nlii/iiiiilir): also called gladius and 
calamary: distinguished from the corresponding 
sepiost or cuttlebone of the cuttles. See cut 
under calanuiry Electric pen, a kind of autographic 
pen Invented by Edison, consisting of a small perforating 
apparatus actuated by an electriimagnetk motor In con- 
nection with a battery, and used In the manner of a lead- 
pencil. On moving it over paper, a series of minute holes 
Is punched In the paper, thus making a stencil that can be 
used to reproduce the lines, letters, or drawings traced by 
the pen. Geometrical pen, a drawlng-lni>tnmicnt fur 
tracing geometrical curves. A pen or pencil is carried bv 
a revolving arm of adjustable length, the motion of which 
Is controlled by a set of toothed wheels. K. U. Knight. 
Lithographic pen. see lith, graphic. Pneumatic pen, a 
pneumatic instrument for producing a stencil for copying. 
It traces the lines to be reproduced by means of numerous 
minnteperforatlons through the paper. Inkorcolorls then 
spread over the surface and nils the perforations, when 
the pattern can be printed from It on a number of sheets 
of paper. Right-line pen. a drawing-pen or straight- 
llne pen, especially adapted for ruling lines Stylo- 
graphic pen, a variety of fountain-pen In which a needle 
at the end of the pen serves as a valve to release the 
Ink when the point Is pressed on the paper To mend 
a pen, to put a worn qnill pen In order by renewing the 
nib and slit, and trimming the slopes, as with a penknife. 
(See also tmr-pen, drawing-pen, fountain-pen, muae-pen.) 
pen 2 (pen), r. t. pret. and pp. penned, ppr. 
I" lining. [<JCT|2, n.] To write; compose and 
commit to paper. 
A letter shall lie prnn'd. 
KMn Bood and the Golden A rrme (Child's Ballads, V. S87X 
