pen 
I would fain see all the poets of these times pen snrh 
another play as that. was. 
B. Jnnxon, Every Man in his Humour, i. 4. 
If thou can'st learn to write by to-Morrow Morning, pen 
me a Challenge. Congree?, Way of the World, iv. 9. 
Great men have been among us; hands that penned 
And tongues that uttered wisdom. 
Wordsworth, London, 1802. 
Speaks out the poesy which, penned, turns prose. 
Browning, King and Book, I. 48. 
penache (pe-nash'), 11. Same as panache. 
Penaea (pe-ne'a), . [NL. (Linnseus, 1753), after 
Pierre Pena of Narbonne in France, a botan- 
ical writer of about 1570.] A genus of smooth 
branching undershrubs, type of the order Pe- 
nseacese, and known by the four-angled style. 
There are 9 species, all South African. They are densely 
clothed with little sessile leaves, and bearyellowish or red- 
dish flowers sessile in a leafy spike. They are cultivated 
under glass as handsome evergreens. 
Penaeaceae (pen-e-a'se-e), n. pi. [NL. (R. 
Brown, 1820), < Penita + -acese.] A small but 
very distinct order of apetalous shrubs, of the 
series Daphnales, distinguished by the four 
valvate calyx-lobes, four alternate stamens, 
four carpels, aiid eight or sixteen ovules. It in- 
cludes about 20 species, of 4 genera, of which Penaa and 
Sarcocolla are the chief. They are small heath-like ever- 
greens from the eastern part of Cape Colony. They bear 
numerous little rigid entire opposite leaves, and salver- 
shaped flowers, usually red, solitary in the axils of the up- 
per leaves or of broader bracts. 
Penaeidse (pe-ne'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Penseus 
+ -idee."] A family of decapod crustaceans, 
typified by the genus Penseus, having podo- 
branchiaB completely divided or reduced to epi- 
pleurites, pleurobranchia; not more than four 
pairs, and branchiae ramose. They have a super- 
ficial resemblance to shrimps, and the numerous species 
have been grouped under 12 genera. 
Penaeidea (pen-e-id'e-a), n. pi. [NL., < Penseus 
+ -(o)idea.] A superfamily group occasionally 
used to include the two families Penieidie and 
Sergeslidse. More correctly Penesoidea. 
penaaoid (pe-ne'oid), a. and n. [< NL. Permits 
+ Gr. <5of,'form: see -oirf.] I. a. Resembling 
a shrimp of the genus Peneeus; of or pertain- 
ing to the Pfnseidse. 
II. n. A penoooid shrimp. 
Penaeus (pe-ne'us), . [NL. (Fabricius, 1798), 
also Penceus, Pcneiis; origin not obvious.] A 
genus of shrimps, typical of the family Pen&- 
idee, having the three anterior pairs of legs 
chelate. Species abound in warm and temperate seas, 
and some of them have commercial value as articles of 
food. -P. braxttienids is an example. See cuts under cope- 
pod-stage, naupliun, and zchizopod-stage. 
penakullt, ' A Middle English form of pin- 
nacle. 
penal (pe'nal), a. [< OF. penal, F. penal = Sp. 
Pg. penal = It. penale, < L. pcenalis, pertain- 
ing to punishment, (pcena, punishment, penal- 
ty, pain : see pain 1 .'] Of or pertaining to pun- 
ishment, (a) Enacting or prescribing punishment ; set- 
ting forth the punishment of offenses : as, the penal code ; 
a penal clause in a contract. 
It is among the citizens of a refined community that 
penal laws, which are in the hands of the rich, are laid 
upon the poor. Goldsmith, Vicar, xxvii. 
Nowhere in the United States is religious opinion now 
deemed a proper subject for penal enactments. 
Bancroft, Hist. U. S., I. 194. 
(6) Constituting punishment ; inflicted as a punishment. 
Adamantine chains and penal flre. Milton, P. L., i. 48. 
Suffering spirits, in the penal gloom and terrors of an- 
other world. Sumner, Fame and Glory. 
(c) Subject to penalty ; incurring punishment : as, penal 
neglect. 
There was the act which . . . made it penal to employ 
boys under twelve not attending school and unable to read 
and write. H. Spencer, Man vs. State, p. 9. 
(d) Used as a place of punishment: as, a penal settlement. 
Chance-swung between 
The foulness of the penal pit 
And Truth's clear sky. 
WhUtier, Chapel of the Hermits. 
(e) Payable or f orf eitable as a punishment, as on account of 
breach of contract, etc. : as, a penal sum. 
The execution leave to high disposal, 
And let another hand, not thine, exact 
Thy penal forfeit from thyself. 
Hilton, S. A., 1. 608. 
Penal action, in Scots law, an action in which the con- 
clusions of the summons are of a penal nature that is, 
when extraordinary damages and reparation by way of 
penalty are claimed. Penal bond. See bond', 7. Pe- 
nal code, a code or system of laws relating to crimes and 
their punishment. Penal laws, those laws which pro- 
hibit an act and impose a penalty for the commission of 
"Penal servitude, a species of punishment in British 
criminal law, introduced in 1863 in lien of transportation, 
consisting in imprisonment with hard labor for a series 
of years, varying with the magnitude of the crime, at any 
of the penal establishments in Great Britain or in the 
British dominions beyond seas. Penal Statutes (a) 
Those statutes which impose penalties or punishments for 
offenses committed, (fr) In a more general sense, those 
statutes which impose a new liability for the doing or omit- 
ting of an act. Thus, a statute making the officers of a 
corporation personally liable for its debts if they neglect 
to file an annual report of its affairs is a penal statute. 
Penal sum, a sum declared by bond to be forfeited if the 
condition of the bond is not fulfilled. If the Irond is for 
payment of money, the penal sum is generally fixed at 
twice the amount. 
penalise, '. t. See penalise. 
penality (pe-nal'i-ti), n. [= F. penalite = Sp. 
penaUdad = Yg.penalidade = \t.penalita, < ML. 
patnalita(t-)s, punishment, penalty, < L. pcenalis, 
penal: see penal. Cf.penalty.] The character 
of being penal or of involving punishment. 
penalize (pe'nal-Iz), . t.; pret. and pp. penal- 
ized, ppr. penalizing. [= Pg. penalizar, trouble, 
afflict; as penal + -fee.] To lay under a pen- 
alty, in case of violation, falsification, or the 
like : said of regulations, statements, etc. ; sub- 
ject, expose, or render liable to a penalty : said 
of persons. Also spelled penalise. 
A double standard of truth ; one for the penalized and 
the other for the non-penalized statement. 
Contemporary Rev., XLIX. 6. 
In even-distance shooting should a winner win at or 
above his handicap distance, he is to be penalised for such 
win in the handicap book. W. W. Greener, The Gun, p. 492. 
penally (pe'nal-i), adv. In a penal manner ; as 
a punishment or penalty. 
The judgment, or rather the state and condition penally 
consequent upon these sinners, namely that they were 
without excuse. South, Sermons, II. vii. 
penalogist (pe-nal'o-jist), n. An erroneous 
form for pcnologist. 
penalty (pen'al-ti), n. ; pi. penalties (-tiz). [< F. 
penalite, < ML. pcenaUta(t-)s, punishment: see 
penality, of which penalty is a, doublet.] 1. Suf- 
fering, in person or property, as a punishment 
annexed by law or judicial decision to a viola- 
tion of law; penal retribution. 
What doe statutes avayle without penoltyes? 
Spenser, State of Ireland. 
Death is the penalty imposed. Milton, P. L., vii. 546. 
2. The loss or burden to which a person sub- 
jects himself by covenant or agreement in case 
of the non-fulfilment of an obligation ; the for- 
feiture or sum to be forfeited for non-payment, 
or for non-compliance with an agreement: as, 
the penalty stipulated in a bond. Penalties pro- 
vided thus by contract may be either in addition to the 
original obligation, so that the creditor can ask both, or 
may be intended merely to fix the damages which he can 
ask in case of breach. 
The penalty and forfeit of my bond. 
Shak., M. of V., iv. 1. 207. 
3. Money recoverable by virtue of a penal stat- 
ute ; a fine ; a mulct. 
Such a one is carried about the Towne with a boord fas- 
tened to his neck, all be-hanged with Foxe-tailes, besides 
Rpenaltie according to his state in monie. 
Pvrchai, Pilgrimage, p. 300. 
Hence 4. The painful consequences which 
follow some particular course of action, or are 
invariably attached to some state or condition: 
as, the penalty of carelessness, or of riches ; he 
paid the penalty of his rashness. 
He is not restrained, nor restraineth himselfe from the 
penalty of women. Sandys, Travailes, p. 48. 
To be neglected by his contemporaries was the penalty 
which he [Milton] paid for surpassing them. 
Macaulay, Dryden. 
Bill of pains and penalties. See pain^. On or under 
penalty Of (as of death, etc.), so as to incur (or, after a 
negative, without incurring) death, etc., as a penalty. 
No Christian is allowed to enter the mosque ... on 
penalty of death, and even the finnan of the Sultan has 
failed to obtain admission for a Frank. 
/;. Tuylirr, Lands of the Saracen, p. 86. 
Small Penalties Act, an English statute of 1866 (28 and 
29 Viet., c. 127) which prescribes imprisonment for stated 
terms upon non-payment of penalties imposed on sum- 
mary convictions. 
penance (pen'ans), n. [Early mod. E. also pen- 
nance, penaunce; < ME. *penance, penaunce, < 
OF. penance, pennance, penaunce, peneance = It. 
penanza, < L. peenitentia, penitence : see peni- 
tence.] 1. Penitence; repentance. [Penanand 
do penance are generally used in the Douay version where 
the King James version has repentance and repent. They 
are also used by Wyclif in his translation.] 
And I seye to you, so joye schal be in heuene on o syn- 
ful man doinge penaunce ["that repenteth," A. V.] more 
than on nynty and nyne iuste that ban no nede to penaunce 
("need no repentance," A. V.] Wyclif, Luke xv. 7. 
2. Sorrow for sin shown by outward acts ; self- 
punishment expressive of penitence or repen- 
tance ; the suffering to which a person volun- 
tarily subjects himself, as by fasting, flagella- 
tion, self-imposed tasks, etc., as an expression 
of penitence ; the outward acts by which sor- 
row for sin is shown. 
Penance is only the Punishment inflicted, not Penitence, 
which is the right word. Selden, Table-Talk, p. 83. 
pen-and-ink 
Better not do the Deed than weep it done. 
No Penance can absolve our guilty Fame. 
Prior, Henry and Emma. 
His was harsh penanceon St. Agnes' Eve : 
Another way he went, and soon among 
Kough ashes sat he for his soul's reprieve. 
Keats, Eve of St. Agnes, iii. 
3. Eccles., SOITOW for sin shown by outward 
acts under authority and regulation of the 
church ; contrition manifested by confession 
and satisfaction and entitling to absolution; 
hence, absolution ensuing upon contrition and 
confession with satisfaction or purpose of sat- 
isfaction. Absolution has been given on these terms 
since primitive times in the church, and this ancient in- 
stitution was afterward formally recognized as a sac- 
rament by the Roman Catholic, the Greek, and other 
churches. The sacrament of penance includes four parts : 
contrition, confession, satisfaction, and absolution. It is 
required that there should be a genuine and a supernat- 
ural contrition for the sin committed that is, a sorrow 
produced by the influence of the Holy Spirit, coupled 
with a firm purpose of amendment ; that the sin should 
be confessed fully and unreservedly to a priest ; and that 
satisfaction be made for it by a voluntary submission to 
such penalty or discipline as the priest may require and 
by restitution to persons wronged ; and absolution can be 
granted only on these conditions. It can be administered 
by no one who has not received priest's orders. Every 
member of the Roman Catholic Church is obliged at least 
once a year to confess to bis palish priest and to do pen- 
ance under his direction; he cannot partake of commu- 
nion without previous absolution, but is not either before 
confession or during his penitential discipline regarded 
as under ecclesiastical censure, which is inflicted on the 
contumacious only. 
4. The penalty or discipline imposed by the 
priest in the above sacrament. 
Ther penance was thei snld go in pilgrimage. 
Rob. of Jirunne, p. 303. 
Go, sin no more ! Thy penance o'er, 
A new and better life begin ! 
God maketh thee forever free 
From the dominion of thy sin ! 
Longfellow, Golden Legend, ii. 
Hence 5. Any act of austerity or asceticism 
practised with a religious motive. 6f. Suffer- 
ing; sorrow; misery. 
His wof ul herte of penaunce hadde a lisse. 
Chaucer, Franklin's Tale, 1. 610. 
7. An instrument or means of self-punishment 
used by persons undergoing penance either in- 
flicted or voluntary. Shirts of horsehair with the in- 
ner surface rough and bristling, garments of sackcloth 
worn next the skin, and iron belts are frequently men- 
tioned. A more unusual form is a garment composed of 
links of iron similar to chain-mail, but with the ends of 
the wires turned up and sharpened on the inner side. See 
scourge anAftayellum To do penance, (a) To repent: 
obsolete except in the Douay version of the Bible, and in 
the usage of the Roman Catholic Church. 
Man, do penaunce whilis thou may, 
Lest sudeynli y take veniaunce : 
Do y not abide thee day bi day 
Bicause y wolde thou dide penaunce? 
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 201. 
(b) To show one's self repentant by submitting to the pun- 
ishment of censure or suffering. 
Thieves and murderers took upon them the cross to es- 
cape the gallows ; adulterers did penance in their armour. 
Fuller, Holy War, i. 12. 
penance (pen'ans), v. t.; pret. and pp. penanced, 
ppr. penancing. [<! penance, n.] To inflict pen- 
ance upon ; discipline by penance. 
Did I not respect your person, I might bring you upon 
your knees, and penance your indiscretion. 
Gentleman Instructed, p. 623. (Dames.) 
I saw 
The pictured flames writhe round a penanc'd soul. 
Southey, Joan of Arc, iii. 
She seemed at once some penanc'd lady elf, 
Some demon's mistress, or the demon's self. 
Keats, Lamia, i. 
penance-boardt (pen'ans-bord), n. The pillory. 
Hulliwell. 
penanceless (pen'ans-les), a. [< ME. penaunce- 
les; (.penance + -legs.] Free from penance ; not 
having undergone penance. 
Passinge purgatorie penaunceles for here parfit by-leyne. 
Piers Plourman (C\ xii. 296. 
penancer (pen'an-ser), n. [< ME. penauncer, 
penaunscer, < OF. penancier, peneancier, < ML. 
pee-nitentiarius, a penitent, also one who im- 
poses penance, < L. psenitentia, penance: see 
penance, penitence, and cf. penitencer, peniten- 
tiary.] A penitent. Prompt. Parr., p. 391. 
pen-and-ink (pen'and-ingk'), a. 1. Made or 
earned on in writing ; written ; literary : as, a 
pen-and-ink sketch; a pen-and-ink contest. 
The last blow struck in the pen-and-ink war. 
Croft, Hist. Eng. Lit., II. 193. 
2. Made or executed with pen and ink, as a 
drawing, outline, or map. 
Mr. Claude de Neuville has made a series of pen-and- 
ink drawings illustrating the most striking features of the 
architecture of Oxford. The Academy, Dec. 28, 1889, p. 428. 
