penetrative 
penetrative (pcn'e-tni-tiv), . [< OF. IK m im- 
lif, F. in'-iii'-lriitif = I'r. peni'tratiti = Sp. Pg. It. 
/inn I ni tint, < Ml,,, /ti-iti'lriiliniit, < I,. i>< n'lnin, 
pp. prurtratiiK, penetrate: see itciietratc.] 1. 
Penetrating: piercing; keen; subtle; perme- 
ating. 
The rayne water, after the opinion of most mrn, if it tic 
receyueil pure ami rlrane, it is most suhtyl mid penttt'ifi:" 
of any other waters. .Sir T. Klilt, ( untie of Health, 11. 
His corrigible neck, his face subdued 
To penetrative shame. 
.S7io*., A. and (,'., Iv. 14. 75. 
Air . . . doth . . . require the more exquisite caution, 
that it lie not too gross nor UK> penetrative. 
Sir 11. Walton, Reliqula), p. 7. 
2. Acute; discerning; sagacious. 
Penetrative wisdom. Swift, Miscellanies. 
The volume . . . reveals to a penetrative eye many traits 
of the genius that has since blazed out so finely. 
Stedman, Viet. Poets, p. 388. 
penetratively(pen'e-tra-tiv-li),rtrft'. In apene- 
tnitive manner; with penetration. 
penetrativeness (pei/e-tra-tiv-iies), n. Pene- 
trating quality or power. 
Pencils, . See I'cnieu.i. 
pen-feather 1 (pen'feTH'er), . [< ;>e 2 + fea- 
lln-f.] A large feather ; a quill-feather; a pen. 
The great feather of a bird, called a pen-feather, penna. 
Withal*, Diet. (ed. 1608), p. 17. (If am. ) 
pen-feather-t, [< /""' + feather.'] An er- 
roneous form of pin-feather. 
pen-featheredt, . An erroneous form otpiti- 
' 
1878 
other animal food, and congregate on shore to breed in 
IHMignincrieHof great extent. Penguins are conhnecl to the 
M.lltlllTn Ill-Ill iHJlllrtr, CSpri ill 1 1 y alx>llt ( 'apt- Hi 'Ml anil tin 
Oapeof Uood Hope, and islands in high southern latitudes, 
coming nt-art-st the r.juatiT on thr west coast of South 
America, as in the cane of HunilioMt' penguin of Ivin. 
There are more than a dozen species, referable to three 
Your intellect is pen-feathered, too weak-wing'd to soar 
so high. Gentleman Instructed, p. 470. (Dairies.) 
My Children then were Just pen-feather 1 'd ; 
Some little Corn for them I gather'd. 
Prior, Turtle and Sparrow. 
penfisn (pen'fish), n. [< pen* + Jish 1 .] A spa- 
roiil fish of the genus Calamus : so called because 
the second iuterhemal spine is pen-shaped. The 
f(HHa). 
species are mostly Inhabitants of the Caribbean sea. C. 
penna is the best-known species, called in Spanish /-'- de 
pluma. 
penfold (pen'fold), H. [<j!iil +/G-M 2 .] Same 
as pinfold. 
penful (pen'ful), H. [< pen* + -fid.] 1. As 
much as a pen will hold. 2. As much as one 
can write with one dip of ink. 
I came to town yesterday, and, as usual, found that one 
hears much more news in the country than in London. I 
have not picked up a penful since 1 wrote to my lord. 
WalpaU, To Lady Ossory, June 27, 1771. 
pen-gossip (peu'gos'ip), r. i. To gossip by cor- 
respondence. 
If I were not rather disposed at this time to pen-gossip 
with your worship. 
Southey, To Grosvenor C. Bedford, Jan. 6, 1818. 
penguin 1 (pen'gwin),. [Formerly also pini/iiiii, 
l>eiigii!iii(vt. F. i>iiiij<iiii,piii(iouin = \t.]>ingiiin = 
G. pinguiit = Sw. Dan. pingvin, a penguin, = 
Russ. pinyrinii, an auk, < E.): origin uncertain. 
According to one view < W. pen gwen, 'white 
head,' the name being given to the auk in ref. 
to the large white spot before the eye, and sub- 
sequently transferred to a penguin. Accord- 
ing to another view, penguin or pinguin is a cor- 
ruption (in some manner left unexplained) of 
E. dial, ptiiwing or pinwing, the pinion or outer 
joint of the wing of a fowl (< i-n 2 , quill, + 
icing): this name being supposed to have been 
given orig. to the great auk (in allusion to its 
rudimentary wings) and afterward transferred 
to the penguins.] If. The great auk, Alea im- 
peiinix: the original sense. 2. Any species of 
file family S/tlti-iiixcidie or .t/iti-iioili/tiilif. (See 
N/ilieiiuiritlie for technical characters.) Penguins 
are remarkably distinguished from all other birds by the 
reduction of the wings to mere (tippers, covered with scaly 
fi p iUhers(see Impennes, Sqitninijtennex), used for swimming 
under water, but unfit for flight. The feathers of the up- 
Rer parts have also broad flattened shafts and slight webs, 
eing thus like scales ; the feet are webbed and four-toed, 
though the hind toe is very short ; the tail Is short and 
stiff ; the general form is stout iind ungainly. On land the 
birds stand nearly erect and waddle clumsily, but they 
are agile and graceful in the water. They feed on fish anil 
275 
Emperor Penguin {Apttnodyttsforsttri"]. 
leading types. Those of the genus Aptenodytes are the 
largest, standing about three feet high, and have a slender 
bill. The name Patagonian penguin, applied to these, rov- 
ers two species or varieties a larger, the emperor pen- 
gnin, A./orsteri or imperator, and a smaller, .1 . pennanti or 
rex. (See emperor.) Jackass-penguins, so called from bray- 
ing, are medium-sized or rather small, with stout bill, as 
ypheniscus demersus of South Africa and S. maaellanicus 
of Patagonia. (See cut at Spheniscvs.) None of the fore- 
going are crested ; but the members of the genus Eudyptes 
(or Catarractes\ as /'.'. chrj/sficome or chrysoiophus, known 
as rock-hoppers and macaronis, have curly yellow plumes 
on each side of the head. (See cut at Eudyptes.) Other 
medium-sized penguins are Pygoscclis toeniata, P. antarc- 
tica, P. antipoaa, and Dasyrhamphus adelia. The small- 
est penguin, about a foot long, is EudyptUa minor of Aus- 
tralian and New Zealand shores. The largest, which was 
taller than a man usually is, is a fossil species named 
Palaeudyptes antarcticus, from the New Zealand Tertiary. 
Papuan penguin, a misnomer of Pyyoscelis tstniata, a 
penguin of the Falklands and some other Islands, but not 
of Papua. 
penguin 2 (pen'gwin), . [Also pinguin (NL. 
I'inguin); origin obscure.] The wild pineap- 
ple, Sromelia Pinguin. Its ovoid succulent berry 
yields a cooling Juice much used in fevers. 
penguin-duck (pen'gwin-duk), . See duck*. 
penguinery (pen'gwin-er-i), n.; pi. penguineries 
(-riz). [< penguin 1 + -ery.] A breeding-place 
of penguins, 
penguin-rookery(pen'gwiu-ruk'er-i), w. Same 
as penguinery. 
pen-gun (pen'gun), w. A popgun formed from 
the barrel of a quill ; also, generally, a popgun. 
[Scotch.] 
The mankln feels that he Is a born Man, that his voca- 
tion Is to work. The choicest present yon can make him 
Is a Tool, be It knife or pen-gun, for construction or for 
destruction. Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, ii. 2. 
penholder (pen'hol'der), n. [<pe>fi + holder.] 
A holder for pens or pen-points. It consists 
of a handle or stock, with a device for retain- 
ing the pen, usually a socket of metal. 
penhouset (pen'hous), n. [Appar. a var. of 
penthouse, simulating pen 1 + house.] A pent- 
house; an outbuilding; ashed. Imp. Diet. 
penial (pe'ni-al), a. [< peni-s + -at.] Of or 
pertaining to the penis: as, a penial muscle. 
Penial sheath, the prepuce or foreskin of man and the 
corresponding structure in other animals Penial ure- 
thra. See urethra. 
peniblet, . [ME. penible, penyble, pcyneble, < 
OF. penible, F. penible, < L. pcena, punishment, 
penalty, pain: see pain 1 , penal.] 1. Painful. 
Lydgate. 
With many woundys fill terryble, 
And rebukys ful penyble. 
MS. Colt. ViteU. C. xiii., f. 98. (HiilUm-ll.) 
2. Painstaking; careful. 
The body is ay so redy and penyble 
To wake that my stomak is destroyed. 
Chaucer, Summoner's Tale, 1. 138. 
That wyl serve the to pay, 
Peyneble all that he may. 
MS. //art. 1701, f. 39. (HalKwett.) 
penicil (pen'i-sil), ii. [< L. penicillins, a painters' 
brush or pencil, a tent for wounds : see pencil 1 .] 
1. In entom., a brush of hairs; a little bundle 
of divergent hairs, as those on many caterpil- 
lars. 2. A tent or pledget for wounds or ul- 
cers. 
Penicillata (pen'i-si-la'ta). n. pi. [NL., neut. 
T>1. of Ij.penicillatus, penicillate: see penicillate .] 
!u rntinn., in Latreille's system, a group of 
peninsularity 
ehUognfttb myriiipods, corresponding to the 
I'nli/j-fiiidif of \Vestwood : so culled from hav- 
ing the body terminated by pencils of Miiall 
scales. 
penicillate (pen'i-sil-at), a. [< Nlj. iM-uirilla- 
tiix, < L. iM-nirilliix, a pencil: sei- /W-HCI/I.] 1. 
Forming or formed into a little tuft or brush, 
especially at the end or tip: as, a /M-Hirillnti 
tail ; the prnicUlate or brushy tongue of a lory. 
2. Provided with a penieillium. 3. Streaky; 
scratchy; penciled. 4. In < ntum.. specifically, 
provided with peuicils. 6. In but., pencil- 
.-hipi-il : consisting of a bundle of hairs resem- 
bling those of a hair pencil. Sometimes erro- 
neously used for I'mtlit r-*/mpt<t or Ji-ath<-ru. 
Crested-peniclllate, pfiirilf<l in the form of a crest or 
i-Minh with a unlfarlous tuft of hairs, as the end of the 
tall of wime rodento.- Penicillate maxlllas, in ./..,, 
nnixillie in which the internal lobe is covered with short 
hairs. 
penicillated (pen'i-sil-a-ted), a. [< jteniciltate 
+ -erf"-.] Same as penicillate. 
penicillately (peii'i-sil-at-li), adv. In a peni- 
cillate manner; as a hair pencil; in bundles of 
short, compact, or close fibers. 
Much elongate, and penicillatety exserted from the open 
common sheath. //. C. Wood, Fresh- Water Aliw. p. 22. 
penicilliform (pen-i-sil'i-form), a. [< L. jieiii- 
cilliix, a painters' pencil, + forma, form.] 
Formed into a penieillium or pencil; penicil- 
late in shape ; resembling a hair pencil. 
Penieillium (pen-i-sil'i-um), w. [NL. (Link), 
so called in allusion to the form of the filaments, 
< L. penicitliiH, a pencil: see pencil 1 .] 1. A 
genus of saprophytic fungi of the class Asco- 
mycetes, the well-known blue-molds, that are 
abundant on decaying bread and numerous 
other decaying substances. The mycelium sends 
up numerous delicate branches which are septate and 
terminated by a necklace of conidia, or In rare Instances 
spores are produced in asci. P. crustaceum (P. ylaucum 
of authors) is the most common species. See blue-mold, 
nifild-, And fermentation. 
2. [/. c.] In zovl., same as pencil 1 , 7. 
penile 1 ! (pe'nil), a. [< penis + -He.] Same .-is 
penial. 
penile 2 t, [< OF. "penile, "penisle, < L. psenin- 
mtla, a peninsula: see peninsula, and cf. isle 1 , 
He 1 .] A peninsula. 
Hee (Edward III. | came to anchor In the hauen of Ilogy 
Saint Vast, In < 'onstant ine, a great cape of land or penile 
In Normandy. Speed, Hist. Great Britain, Ii. 12. (Dories.) 
peninsula (pe-nin'su-ljl), . [= TF.peninsule = 
Sp. iteninxula = P"g. peninsula = It. penisola, 
peninsolti, < L. pseninsula, peninsula, a penin- 
sula, lit. almost an island, < pxne, pene, almost, 
-t- itvnila, an island: see isle 1 , insular. Cf . pe- 
nile%.] A piece of land almost surrounded by 
water, and connected with the mainland by a 
neck or isthmus. The Peninsula is often used 
absolutely for Spain and Portugal. 
A convenient harbour for Fisher boats at Kecoughtan, 
that so turneth it selfe into Bayes and Creekea, it makes 
that place very pleasant to Inhabit ; their comeflelds being 
girded therein in a manner as Penitulaes. 
Capt. John Smith, Works, I. 110. 
The island looks both low and well-covered, as compared 
with the lofty and rocky mountains of the opposite penin- 
sula of Sabioncello. E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 203. 
peninsular (pe-nin'su-lftr), a. and . [< penin- 
xula + -ar s .] I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to a 
peninsula; in the form of or resembling a pe- 
ninsula. 2. [= Pg. peninsular.] Inhabiting 
a peninsula or the Peninsula: as, the peninsu- 
lar peasantry. 3. Carried on in a peninsula. 
See the phrases. Peninsular campaign, in V. s. 
hist., the campaign of April, May. June and July, 1862, in 
the civil war, In which the Army of the Potomac under 
McClellan attempted to capture Blchmond by an advance 
up the peninsula between the Kappahannock and the 
James River. The Confederates were commanded by J. E. 
Johnston and later by Lee. The campaign resulted in 
the withdrawal of the Federal army. Peninsular war, 
the military operations carried on in Portugal, Spain, and 
southern France by the British, Spanish, and Portuguese 
forces (largely under Wellington) against the French, from 
1808 to 1SH. The French were driven out of the Penin- 
sula. 
II. n. 1. A soldier who fought in the Penin- 
sular war. [Colloq.] 
He speaks of the ruffling captain, who was no doubt " an 
old Peninsular." Quarterly Ben., CXLVI. 196. 
2. An inhabitant of a peninsula. [Rare.] 
Western nations until the sixteenth century scarcely 
knew of her [Corea's] existence, despite the fact that the 
Arabs traded with the far-off peninxular*. 
The Kation, XLIX. 319. 
peninsularity (pe-nin-su-lar'j-ti), n. [< 
milnr + -ity.] 1. The quality, character, orcon- 
ditions inherent in a peninsula. 2. The state 
of iuhabiting a peninsula, or of being native of 
a peninsula. Hence 3. Provincialism; per- 
