pen-maker 
pen-maker (ppn'iml'kpr), . 1. One who 
makes or trims <|iii!l pens. 
In 177'.l, however, we have mention of a certain Charles 
.Stewart. :i i'u maker, a man of no llxed haliitatlon. It 
wonM st em, therefore, that pen-maker* wandered about 
the country wiling their wares, turning K..cise-<|iii]l Into 
PCIIK, ami making anew those that had heen worn out. 
N. and (J., 7th ser., VIII. 220. 
2. A tool for cutting pens from quills, it is a 
fur-in of pincers, of which the jaws are respectively con- 
vex and concave, to receive the end of a i|iiill from which 
one half lian been cut away. When the tool Is closed the 
outline MI' the pen is shaped by small dies, and the silt Is 
cut liy a little Made In the middle. 
4375 
notation, the hook or stroke ( !*>) that distin- 
guishes an eighth-, sixteenth-, orthirty-Becond- 
notefrom a quarter-note Distinguishing home- 
ward-bound, meal, etc., pennant. >ee the qualifying 
wonli.. Irish pennant (iwutX Same as lri*h , ,,,/,,,,i 
(whieh see, ndMrjMMHMB 
pennart (pen 'iir), H. Same as primer' 1 , 1. 
pennate (pen ML a. [< L. ;//<///, /iinH<iiux, 
furnished with wings, < /n nun, /linnri, u feather. 
a wing: see ;'-', /n'l. Cf. pinnate.] 1. In 
Pennlsetnm 
< Pern, iitiniil. sugar: see (il/il,i;,ir.~\ A piece of 
sugar tnkrn for a cold. ete. 
o >> MM 
yrntirt*, white suxar, or mint w 
like pcctorall 
it*.', winged ; featheml : usually in compo" .. .,. 
on, !ls I,,,,,,*,,,;,,,,,/,-, hrrriiH'Hnutf, ete. Also PenmferOUS (pc-nif o-nis), 
el ,,,./,- h "* " ' ] 
penman (pen'ma,,; >,,; p.'. ,,,, ( ,nen) [< ^'^""^^".r'^Sr+rS.. 
I"'"- + "'. J i.-.Al"'''.*"" ''ousideredwithref- ^ alm , ll(t " ale . 
rapher; also, one who professes or teaches tin 
art of penmanship. 2. An author; a writer. 
My lord, I am iw penman nor no orator. 
Fletcher, Loyal Subject, II. 1. 
penmanship (pen'man-ship), n. [< penman + 
-Hliip.] 1. The use of. the pen in writing; the 
art of writing. 2. Manner of writing; hand- 
writing: as, accomplished penmanship. 
Den-U 1 ^ o+nv / i ,. . , i ' . . i .'i ^ I .'. i. > . A *..** 
pen ; 
(1.78 
form ' <> In <"'- 
Hut they arc corrected hy lieinn eaten with llcorlah, or 
*ith \ inlets, :inil tit her sueh 
Passengers' Dialogues (1B12). (A'ura.) 
pennied(pen'iil), u. [<//</<// + -/-.] Having 
or possessed of a penny. 
The one ;,,.,/ ]|oy has his penny to spare. 
Wftrdstrtrrttt, I'uwer uf Music. 
_ .. ,, f< L. IK ii mi. a 
ferre = E. brarl.] Provided with 
feathers; feathered. Also pcnnigrroux. 
, ,-iuinr u wCTiiiare penniform (pen'i-fonn), a. [< L. juiniii, a 
v o!!e S whownh' ''a eoodland- ^i Pennatifid ( ,,,-nat'i-fld), a. Same Mpinnvtiji.l. 
"?- pennatoust, a. [< L. ueuiialtu, furnished with 
wings: see /x'nnatc."} Feathery; softordowny, 
like a feather. Paxton. [Rare.] 
Pennatula (pe-nat'u-la), M. [NL., fern, of LL. 
/ifiinii in/MX, provided with wings, dim. of penna- 
tus, winged: see pennatr.] The typicalgenns 
of PeinnitHlidte; the sea-pens. P. phosphorea 
is a European species. See cut under Alcyo- 
pen-master (]>on'mas"ter)/n. A master of the Pennatulacese, Pennatulacea (pe-nat-u-la'sp- 
peii_; a skilful writer or scribe. Fuller, Worthies, u,-&), n.pl. [NL., < Pennatula + -ace,'-aeea'.] 
79- [Hare.] An order or suborder of alcyonarian or halcy- 
penna (pen a), n.; pi. pcnitie (-e). [L. : see onoid polyps, having the polypary free or loose- 
lii 'ii". \ 1. lu o fit i t/i, , a feather; a plume ; spe- ly attached without polypids at the basal end * v " 
eilically, a coutour-foather, as distinguished the proximal end, which is branched or sim- P ^rV (P en/i - le8 )' L- *. - 
! >.J.._:-._ <.!.- _.'i._.o_ . Without a penny; moneyless; poor 
(fc) In <*/., resembling a feather or Its plume. (<)" In ~~imt'., 
of or pertaining to the Penn\formct: as, a prnnifiirm 
Penniformes (pen-i-for'mez), n. pi. [< L. 
penna, feathpr, + forma, form.] A subsection 
of the pennatuleous pennatuloid polyps, with 
well-developed pinnules, including the fami- 
lies I'tirrrididsp and Femiatulidjr. Kiiltiker. 
(pe-nij'e-rus), a. [< L. pt 
a feather, + gercre, 
from a down-feather or plumule; especially, 
one of the large stiff feathers of the wings or 
tail; one of the remiges or rectrices. See fea- 
ther. 2. Same as /-<.. 
A ix-iniii or case of horn worn suspended from the neck 
pie, bearing the polypids variously arranged. 
There Is a central horny axis sheathed in a coenoaarc. The 
/' i. liils are commonly dimorphic. There are several fami- 
lies, as Peitiiatulirf/r, Viryvlariidie or Pamnariiiltr, Ve- 
retellidx, Umbellulariidjt, KeniUidie, known as tea-pen*, 
' r"""" 1 " ~.~.v v, i.ui ,1 ....in oiiojji iitivo 1 1 inn me nreK nea-roaf, wa-jettthers, sect-umbrelltu, teo-lridnettg etc 
for holding writing materials. s. M. llayhev. pennatulacean (pe-nat-u-la'se-an), a. and H. I. 
pennaceous (pe-na'shius), n. KNL.'nennaceKS, " Pertaining to the Pennatulafete, or having 
< L. penna, a feather: seej>eX] l.Laornith., their characters; pennatularian; pennatuloid. 
having the structure of a penua or contour- H. " A member of the Pennatulaceie. 
feather; not plumulaceous. 2. Inentom., re- pennatulaceous (pe-nat-u-la'shius), a. Same 
sembling the web of a feather; having fine, ' 
-lest.'] 
as pennatulacean. 
panache, + -etft. Cf. F. panache, plumed, < pa- 
iniclic, a plume : see penache, panache.] Natu- 
rally diversified with various colors, as a flower. 
Hnng'ring, pennilem, and far from home. 
Coteper, Task, t 119. 
Penniless bench t , a public seat for loungers and Idlers in 
Oxford : used allusively with reference to poverty. 
Euery stoole he sate on was pennOei bench, . . . hii 
robes were rags. 
Lyly, Euphnes and his England (ed. Arber), p. 244. 
Bid him bear up, he shall not 
Hit long on pennilea bench. 
Matnmjer, City Madam, IT. 1. 
pennilessness (pen'i-les-nes), n. The state of 
"ess or without money, 
'il), . [W. pennill, pi. pennillion, 
, za.] A form of verse used at the 
Welsh eisteddfod, in which the singer has to 
adapt his words and measure to the playing of 
a harper who changes the tune, the time, etc., 
and introduces vanations. 
To sing "PenniUion " with a Welsh harp Is not so easily 
s may be Imagined. The singer. . . does 
>t a leatner ; Having nne, tts /'" peuiiiieB! UH_ xl - ., /, ... 
close, parallel lines springing diagonally from pennatularian (pe-nat-u-la'ri-an), o. and n. being penniless or without money. 
a single line: applied to color-marks and sculp- [< Peiniatula + -arian.]' Same as pennatula- pennill (pen'ii), n. [W. pennill, pL , ..., 
ture. fean. a verse, stanza.] A form of verse used at the 
pennachet, . An obsolete form of panache. Pennatuleae (pen-a-tu'lf-e), n.p/. [NL.,<Pia- 
pennachedt(pe-nasht'),a. [<peimache,penachc, tula + -ete.] A section of polyps, distinguished 
by a bilateral arrangement of the polyps on the 
rachis, which is elongated and cylindrical, and 
provided with pinnules or leaves. 
Carefully protect from violent storms of rain ... your PnnatuleOUS (pen-a-tu'le-us), a. 
pennached tulips, . . . covering them with matrasses. 
Evelyn, Calendarlum Hortense, April, 
pennae, . Plural of penna. 
pennage (pen'ai), . [< F. penna 
< L. prnna, a feather: see pen?.' 
Holland, tr. of Pliny, x. 32. 
pennal (pen'ai), . [< o. 
a freshman, <' ML. pennale, ~^ ^.,.,^>,- 
lum, LL. pennariiim, a pen-case, < L. penna, a - 
feather, LL. a pen : see pen 2 . Cf.pennet-1.] For- Pennatulacese. 
merly, in German Protestant universities, one pennet, An obsolete form of pen?. 
of the newly arrived students, who were com- penned (pend), a. [< pen 2 + -ed 2 .] 
pelled to submit to the system of pennalism : so pennate. [Rare.] 
[Formerly also pennar, 
, 
lumage. 
accomplished as . e snger. . . oes 
not commence with the harper, but takes the strain up at 
the second, third, or fourth bar, as best suits the pennill 
he intends to sing. 
Jmtti, Bardic Remains, quoted In Encyc. Brit., 
(VII. 792, note. 
taining to the Pennd'tuleee'. 
Pennatulida (pen-a-tu'li-de), n. pi. [NL.. < 
Pennatula + -idee.]' A family of polyps, with 
well-developed pinnules and the zooids on the 
ventral and lateral sides of the rachis. See cut Pennine (pen'in), n. [So called from the Pen- 
. .. under Alcyonaria. nine Alps.] Same as penninite. 
[< Q. pennal, a pen-case, pennatuloid (pe-nat'u-loid), a. [< NL. Penna- penninerved (pen'i-nervd), a. [< L. penna, a 
innate, equiv. to penniicu- tula + -oid.] Related to or resembling a mem- feather, -i- nerrus, nerve, + -erf 2 .] Inoot., fea- 
a Den-case. < L. nenna. a. ber of the genus Pennatula; belonging to the ther-veined. See nervation. Also pinnately 
nerred or reined. 
penning (pen'ing), n. [Verbal n. otpen^, v.] 
1. The act of writing or composing. 
It fortuned that one M. Thomas Lodge . . . had be- 
stowed some serious labour in penning of a booke, called 
I uplines Shadowe. Greene, Prefix to Euphues Shadowe. 
2. Expression in writing; wording: as, the 
penning of the condition of the bond is to be 
observed. 
Neverthelese ye must, If It shall come to the obtaining 
pelled to submit to the system of pennalism : so pennate. [Rare.] 
called from the fact that they constantly carried penner 1 (pen'er), n. [formerly also pennar, 
about with them their pennales or pen-cases for pennor; < ME. pennere, pennare, < LL. penna- 
use in lectures. rium, a receptacle for pens, < 
" ' '- penna, apen: see pen 2 . Gt.pen- -= -^^^ 
pennalism (pen'al-ixm), . [< G. pennalismug, 
< pennal, a m'shman : see pennal.] A system 
of exceptionally tyrannical fagging practised 
by older students upon freshmen, especially in 
German Protestant universities in the seven- 
teenth century. 
pen-name (pon'nam), n. A name assumed by 
an author for the ostensible purpose of con- 
cealinghis identity; auom deplume; aliterary 
pseudonym. 
pennant (pen'ant), n. [An extended form of 
prnnnit, with excrescent t (as in tyrant, peasant, 
etc.), prob. due in part to association with 
/>i Hi/mi t. with which in some uses it is confused : 
see ]n nilun t. n.] 1. A flag long in the fly as 
compared with its hoist. Especially (o) A flag 
many times as long as it is wide : also called streamer and 
coach-ichip. Its proper place is at the mainroyalmast- 
nead of a man-of-war when in commission. 
Lincoln, a ship most neatly that was limn'd, 
In all her sails with flags and pennants trim .1 
Draytan, Battle of Aglncourt. 
A squire's mark was a long pennant, similar to the coach- 
whip pennant of modern ships of war. 
PreMc, Hist. Flag, p. 11. 
(6) A pointed or swallow tailed flag having Its fly about 
twice Its hoist, used especially to denote the rank of the 
commanding or senior officer on board the ship when it 
is hoisted : also called broad pennant 
as an emblem of s 
tests. 
2. AViii <., a short piece of rope to which a tackle 
is hooked. See pendant, 5 (a). 3. In - 
nal.] 1 . A case to contain a pen 
and penholder, made of metal, 
horn, leather, or the like. p e n- 
ners were carried at the girdle as late 
as the beginning of the sixteenth cen- 
tury. The cut represents a penner of 
cnlr-bouilll (boiled and stamped lea- 
therX English, of the fifteenth century. 
Prlvely a penner gan he borwe, 
And In a let t n- wroot he al his sorwe. 
Chaucer, Merchant's Tale, 1. 635. 
Then wilt thon repent It. quoth the 
gentleman; and so, putting uppe his 
penner and inkehorne, departed with 
the paper in his hand. 
FKK, Martyrs, p. 1168. 
2. In her., a representation of 
the old pen-case or penner car- 
ried at tne buttonhole or girdle. 
The penner and inkhorn are often borne together, and 
represented as fastened together by a lace or ribbon. 
penner 2 (pen'er), . [< pen 2 , r., + -erl.] One 
who pens or writes; a writer. 
Oh, penny-pipers, and most painfnl pennen 
Of bountiful new ballads. Fletcher, Bonduca, v. 2. 
pennet 1 (pen'et), . [< pen 1 + -et.] A tempo- 
rary pen for sheep or cows ; a penfold. [Prov. 
ary pen 
'"K-J 
died Imad pennant, (r) Any flag taken *'"& J 
niperiority, particularly in athletic con- PCnnet-t (pen'et).H. [Also penet ; < OV.penide, 
... " a pennet, the little wreaUi of sugar taken in 
a cold" (Cotgrave), penite, barley-sugar, = Olt. 
~ J~ , UD, II 11011 ^,,,._,, **.... .....^ 
of this new commission, see to the penning and more full 
perfecting thereof. Bp. Burnet, Records, I. it, note 22. 
penninite (pen'i-nit), . [< Pennine (Alps) (see 
pennine) + -ite 2 .] A member of the chlorite 
group, crystallizing in rhombohpdral forms op- 
tically uniaxial or nearly so, and varying in 
color from green to violet and pink. It Is a 
hydrous silicate of aluminium. Iron, and magnesium. 
Kammererite and rhodophyllite, also rhodochrome, are 
varieties of a violet or reddish color. 
pennipotent (pe-nip'6-tent), a. [< L. penna, 
a feather, wing, + potcn(t-)*, powerful: see 
potent.] Strong on the wing; powerful in 
flight. [Bare.] 
Dismount your tow'ring thoughts, aspiring Minds, 
Vnplume their wings In flight pennipotent. 
Dories, Holy Eoode, p. 15. (Darief.) 
Pennisetum (pen-i-se'tum), n. [NL. (Per- 
soon, 1805), < L. penna, a feather, + seta, a 
bristle.] A genus of ornamental grasses of 
the tribe Panicex, distinguished by the joint 
at the summit of the pedicel, surmounted by 
an involucre of somewhat plumose bristles in- 
cluding one to three narrow spikelets. The 40 
species arc mainly African : two or three of them extend 
throughout the Mediterranean region, tropical Asia, and 
America. They are annual or perennial grasses, with flat 
leaves, often with branching stems and spikelets crowded 
iare 
in 
