Pentecostal 
to Pentecost : occurring or happen- 
ing ill 1'eMtecost : as, tlic iii-iili'rimliil gift of 
tongues; /ifntrmritul oft'erini;*. 
II. H. l>l. Offerings formerly made at Pen- 
tecost or Whitsuntide by parishioners to their 
priest, or by inferior churches to the mother 
church, etc. Also called ll'liitxuii-fin-tliiiii/x. 
pentecostarion (pen'te-kos-ta'ri-on), H. ; pi. 
/a iilwoattiriii (-a). [< LGr. ircvTr/Koardptov (see 
ilef. ). < irnTi/Koarf/, Pentecost: see 'Pentecost.'] 
In the f,v. <'li., the service-book which contains 
the olliees in use from Easter to All Saints' day. 
pentecoster (pen-te-kos'ter), ii. [< Gr. miTr/- 
wwir///i, a coinnuiTider of fifty, < m-vrf/Kovra, fifty: 
see riiitrci/xi.] In ancient Greece, a commau- 
dcv of fifty men. Milforil. 
pentecostys (pen-te-kos'tis), w. [< Gr. ircvrri- 
noriri't;, a number of fifty, a division including 
fifty, < irrvTt/Kovra, fifty: see Pentecost.] In an- 
cient Greece, a company of fifty soldiers. Mit- 
1'iiril. 
pentegraph (pen'te-graf), H. Same as panto- 
ifrajtli . 
pentekontalitron (pen'te-kon-tal'i-tron), . 
[< Gr. HtvrflBrVrd/Urpcw, neut. of ntvriinavra.'/.i- 
rpof, weighing or worth fifty litrae, < ircvrf/Kavra, 
fifty, + Atrpa, litra.] In ancient Sicilian coin- 
age, a piece of fifty litraa : same as dekadraehm. 
PentellC (pen-tel'ik), a. [< L. Pentelicus, < Gr. 
Ylevre'/.iKof, pertaining to the mountain and 
deme UcvreAt/ in Attica.] Of, pertaining to, or 
obtained from Mount Pentelicus (IltvTfA*;), near 
Athens : noting especially a variety of white 
marble resembling Parian, but denser and finer- 
grained, apparently inexhaustible quarries of 
which have from antiquity been worked in this 
mountain. The Parthenon, the Propytea, and other 
Athenian monuments are built of It, and In It are carved 
the famous sculptures known as the Elgin marbles. 
Pentelican (pen-tel'l-kan), a. [< Pentelic + 
-an.] Same as Pentelic" 
penteteric (pen-te-ter'ik), a. [< Gr. tnvnrfpw^f, 
happening every five years, < ircvrcr^/uf, a term 
of five years, < irevrtriK, irevraertK, of five years, 
< Trtvre, five, + froc, a year.] 1 . Occurring once 
in five years, or at intervals of five years. 2. 
Occurring in every fifth year, the years of two 
consecutive occurrences being both reckoned 
in the five: as, the penteteric or greater Pana- 
thenaic festival. 
penthemimeral (pen-the-mim'e-ral), a. [< L. 
IH'iitlieuiimeres, < Gr. irevthjfuftepw, consisting of 
five halves, < irivrc, five, + fi/Jt-, half, + plpos, 
part.] In anc. pros., pertaining to or consti- 
tuting a group of two and a half feet Penthe- 
mimeral cesura, the cesura after the first half of the 
third foot. It occurs in the dactylic hexameter after the 
thesis, and in the iambic trimeter after the arsis. 
Penthina (pen-thi'na), . [NL. (Treitschke, 
1830), < Gr. irtvBof, mourning for the dead: see 
pathos.] A genus of tortricid moths with simple 
antennae, tufted thorax, and fore wings twice as 
long as broad. The moths are of modest colors, and 
their larva; often feed in seeds and buds. The genus is rep- 
4381 
I In y are erect perennials, growing in wet soil, with alter- 
nate lanceolate toothed tetsile leaves, and terminal cyme> 
"I many greenish flowers on one-sldedrccuniMKliriUM ' -. 
followed hy reddish flve-l>eaked capsules opening by flve 
lids. The flowen fonn a standard example of complete 
numerical symmetry in lives, having flve sepals, flve pet- 
als, flve stamens of one and flve of another row, and flve 
nearly separate carpels. P. tedoide is the ditch-stonccrop 
of America. 
penthouse (pent'hous), n. [A corruption of 
/" iitict . simulating hoiiMe.] 1. A shed or slop- 
ing roof projecting from a main wall or the side 
Verbena-bud Moth (Petttftitta htl*sana\ 
>T. tivjrklia seed, showing pupal exuvium, it; b, larva, natural size; 
( . larva, enlarged ; t, moth, hair-line showing natural size. 
resented in many parts of the world, having about 100 spe- 
cies, of which 19 are of North America and 4 common to 
North America and Europe. P. hebesana is found from 
Maine to California, feeding in the larval state on the buds 
of flowers of the verbena, snapdragon, and Tiyridia. 
Penthorum (pen'tho-rum), w. [NL. (Linnaeus, 
1753), so called with ref. to the numerical sym- 
metry ; < Gr. n-fwr , five, + o/f , a limit, rule : 
see horizon] A genus of herbaceous plants 
of the polypetalous order Crassnlnceee, distin- 
guished from other genera of the order by the 
:iliscnce of succulence in its leaves. There are 2 
species one Chinese, the other of eastern North America. 
or end of a building, and sometimes constructed 
over a door or window to protect it from the 
weather; an appentice. See also cut under 
appentice. 
As a Pent-hmut doth preserue a Wall 
From Rain and Hail, and other Storms that fall. 
Syleetter, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, I. 6. 
And strong power, like a pent-house, promises 
To shade you from opinion. 
Beau, and Ft., Thierry and Theodoret, 1. 1. 
2. Anything resembling a penthouse, or occu- 
pying the same relative position with regard to 
something else. 
The houses are not despicable, but the high pent-hmuet 
(for I can hardly call them cloysters, being all of wood), 
thro' which the people pass drie and in the shade, winter 
and summer, exceedingly deforme the fronts of the build- 
ings. Evelyn, Diary, March 23, 1646. 
What is most singular is their houses on one side hav- 
ing their pent-houses supported with pillars, which makes 
it a good walk. I'f'i'H*, Diary, June 15, 1668. 
Like a shrivelled beau from within the penthouse of a 
modern periwig. Svrtft, Battle of Books. 
He dragg'd his eyebrow bushes down, and made 
A snowy penthoute for his hollow eyes. 
Tennymn, Merlin and Vivien. 
penthouse (pent'hous), v. t. ; pret.andpp. pent- 
housed, ppr. penthousing. [< penthouse, n.J To 
provide with a penthouse or sloping roof; shel- 
ter or protect by means of a shed sloping from 
the wall, or of something resembling it. 
The inferiour Mosques are built for the most part square, 
many pent-houi'd with open galleries, where they accus- 
tome to pray at times extraordinary. 
Sandyt, Travailes, p. 25. 
These [wrens] find, 'mid ivied abbey-walls, 
A canopy in some still nook ; 
others are pent-housed by a brae 
That overhangs a brook. 
Wordneorth, A Wren's Nest 
penticet (pen'tis), n. [Also pentise ; < ME. pen- 
tice,pentis (AF. pentiz), by apheresis for open- 
tis, < OF. apentis, appentix, a shed : see appen- 
tice and penthouse.'] A sloping roof projecting 
from an outer wall, or constructed over a door 
to shelter it ; an awning over a door or window ; 
a penthouse. See appentice and penthouse. 
And ore their heads an iror* pentise vast 
They built, by ioyning many a shield and targe. 
Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, xi. S3. 
Every street of speclall note being on both sides thereof, 
from the pentices of their houses to the lower end of the 
wall, hanged with rich cloth of arras. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 38, sig. D. 
penticlet (pen'ti-kl),n. Same as pentacle. Fair- 
fax, tr. of Tasso, xviii. 74. 
pentile (pen'til), n. [A corruption of pantile, 
simulating pentice.] Same as pantile. 
pentlandite (pent'land-it), n. [< one Pentland 
+ -itf 2 .] A sulphid of nickel and iron, occur- 
ring in massive forms of a light bronze-yellow 
color and metallic luster. 
pentonkion (pen-tong'ki-on), n. ; pi. pentonkia 
(-5). [< Gr. rnvTuyniov, Doric for mvrovyium, 
five twelfths of a whole,< irevre, five, + OVJ-KHZ, a 
twelfth: see onci.] In the ancient coinage 
of Himera, Sicily, a bronze coin in weight about 
274 grains and in value one third of a litra. 
pentoxid (pen-tok'sid), . [< Gr. irtvre, five, + 
E. ojirf.] An oxid containing five oxygen atoms. 
Arsenic pentoxid. See arsenic. 
pen-tray (pen'tra), . A small tray or dish, 
usually long and narrow, used for holding pens 
penumbra 
and pen-handles: they arc -oinctimes made 
highly decorative. 
A Persian lacquered pen-tray. 
Catalogue of Duke tif Hamilton'! Collection, No. 231. 
pent-roof (pent'rfif), H. Ill iirrh., aroof formed 
like an inclined plane, the slope being all on 
one side. Also culled .i/il-roof. 
pen-trough (pen'trdf), n. The trough in which 
the penstock of a water-wheel is placed. 
Pentstemon (pent-ste'mon), . [NL. (Mitch- 
ell, 1748), irreg. for *I'<-iitiix/iiini>i or 'Prnlisti- 
niii,i. so called as having the fifth stamen, com- 
monly absent in kindred plants, present as a 
conspicuous rudiment and in rare cases per- 
fect; < Gr. irfvre, five, + arj//iui; warp (in mod. 
bot. stamen).] A genus of perennial herbs of the 
order Scrojthularineee and tribe Chehnete, known 
by the elongated rudimentary stamen, sept icii hi 1 
capsule, and angled wingless seeds. Thess species 
are characteristic plants of the western United states, 
especially of California, from which 8 extend into British 
Columbia, and 2 east to the Potomac, with 1 in Georgia, 
few In Mexico, and 1 In Japan. They bear opposite 
levet, diminished upward Into clasping bracts, and py- 
ramidal panicles or racemes of handsome summer flowers, 
red, violet, blue, whitish, or yellow, the corolla with a long 
tube and distinctly two-lipped above. Many species are 
cultivated for the flowers, produced from April to Octo- 
ber. Hee beard-tongue. 
pent-stock (pent'stok), n. Same as punstock. 
Pentzia (pent'si-ft), n. [NL. (Thunberg, 1794), 
after C. J. Pentz, a student under Thunberg.] 
A genus of composite plants of the tribe Anfke- 
mideee, characterized oy the absence of chaff, 
by having the bracts in many rows, and five- 
angled Mclicncs crowned with a cleft and cup- 
like pappus. The 11 species are all South African. 
They are small shrubs, hoary with whitish glandular 
hairs, and bearing small alternate wedge-shaped toothed 
or dissected leaves, and yellow flowers in small heads, 
usually in corymbs. P. viryata is the theepjodder tntgh of 
South Africa, valuable In planting deserts because it mots 
extensively from decumbent branches, and covers ground 
rapidly. 
penuchle (pe'nuk-1), n. [Also written pj'nor Ate; 
said to be of G. origin ; nit. origin unknown.] 
A game of cards differing but slightly from 
bezique. [U. S.] 
penula, n. See ptenula. 
penult (pe-nulf or pe'nult), n. [Short for pe- 
nultima.} ' The last syllable of a word but one. 
penultima (pe-nul'ti-mft), n.; pi. penultinue 
(-me). [NL. penultima, psmultima (sc. syllaba), 
the last syllable but one, < L. psene, pene, al- 
most, + nltimm, last: see ultimate.] Same as 
pen tilt. 
penultimate (pe-nul'ti-mat), a. and . [As 
penultima + -ate 1 . Cf. ultimate.'] I. a. Im- 
mediately preceding that member of a series 
which is the last; next before the last; being 
the last but one: as, the j)e/Mwiatf syllable; the 
penultimate joint. Compare antepenultimate. 
H. . That member of a series which is the 
last but one; specifically, the last syllable but 
one of a word. 
penumbra (pe-num'bra), . [< L. psene, prue, 
almost, + umbra, shade, shadow: see umbra.] 
1. The partial shadow between the full light 
and the total shadow caused by an opaque body 
intercepting a part of the light from a lumi- 
nous body. All pointswithinthepenumbra are excluded 
from the view of some part of the luminous body, and 
are thus partially shaded ; while all points within the um- 
bra, or total shadow, are completely excluded from view 
Diagrams of Umbra and Penumbra. 
Fig. I. Lunar eclipse. Fig. a. Solar eclipse. S, sun ; E, earth ; 
M, moon ; P, penumbra ; U, umbra. 
of the luminous body. The flgurea represent the so called 
Hipparchan diagrams of a lunar and a solar eclipse- 
Any portion of the moon in penumbra appears slightly 
dimmed, the more so the nearer it is to the umbra. At a 
station of the earth in the moon's penumbra, the disk of 
the sun Is partially hidden, forming a partial (or, possibly, 
an annular) eclipse. 
If the source of light be a point, the shadow is nharply 
denned ; If the source be a luminous surface, the perfect 
shadow is fringed by an imperfect shadow called a pe- 
numbra. TyndaU, Light and Elect., p. 13. 
2. The gray fringing border which surrounds 
the dark umbra or nucleus of a sun-spot. 3. 
In painting, the boundary of shade and light, 
where the one blends with the other, the gra- 
dation being almost imperceptible. 
