peribolos 
Christian church, which constituted the utmost 
bounds allowed for refuge or sanctuary. Also 
430G 
periclinally 
om or never contains blood-lymph, and does not perichaetilllU (per-i-ke'shi-um), .; pi. iirrii-liif- 
ate with other body-cavities, but opens upon the v,.. / ;: \ rVT, < Or irpnl avnund + vairn lono- 
.rough the nephridia. See cuts under Lamelli- "".<> \^',\V*.mpuVK nu, f ^OITI/, 10 
peribranchial (por-i-brang'ki-al), a. [< Gr. 
irepi, around, + fip&yxia, gills: see branchial.] 
Situated around or about the branchite. 
Water passes . . . into the peribranchial spaces. 
Gcgenbrmr, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 400. 
peribronchial (per-i-brong'ki-al), a. [< Gr. mpi, 
around, + Booyxia, the bronchial tubes: see 
bronchial.] Situated or occurring around or in 
the immediate vicinity of a bronchial tube, 
peribronchitis (per"i-broug-ki'tis), n. [NL., < 
Gr. mpi, around, + Bpiyrta. the bronchial tubes, 
+ -itis. Cf. bronchitis.] Inflammation of the 
peribronchial connective tissue. 
pericascal, pericecal (per-i-se'kal), a. [< Gr. 
mpi, around, + L. caecum, the blind gut: see 
ceecal.] Surrounding or lying in the immediate 
vicinity of the intestinal caecum : as, a pericte- 
cal abscess ; periciecal inflammation. 
Pericallidae (per-i-kal'i-de), . pi. [NL. (Hope, 
1838), < Pericallus + -ids'.] A family of Cole- 
optera of the caraboid series, named'from the 
genus Pericallus, containing about 15 genera, 
mainly from India, Africa, and South America. 
Pericallus (per-i-kal'us), . [NL. (Macleay, 
1825), < Gr. irepi, around, + L. callus, also cal- 
lum, hard skin : see callus.] The typical genus 
of Pericallidee, comprising a few East Indian 
species. 
pericambium (per-i-kam'bi-um), n. [NL. 
(Sachs), < Gr. mpi, about, + NL. cambium : see 
cambium^.'] A term proposed by Sachs for the 
thin-walled long-celled formative tissue just 
within the endodermis that surrounds certain 
fibrovascular bundles. Called cambium-strands 
by Nageli and desmogen by Russow. 
The thin-walled cells of the central cylinder [of the root 
of dicotyledons] are in contact with the inner face of the 
endodermis, and are known collectively as the pericam- 
binm, Goodale, Physiological Botany, p. 113. 
pericardia, . Plural ot pericardium. 
pericardiac (per-i-kar'di-ak), a. [<. pericardium 
+ -ac (after cardiac).] 1. Same a.s pericardial. 
2. Situated at or near the cardia or cardiac 
region, without reference to the pericardium 
itself. 
pericardiacophrenic (per"i-kSr-di"a-k6-fren'- 
ik), ft. [< Gr. mpiK&poiov, pericardium, + <f>p>iv 
atv-), diaphragm.] Of or pertaining to the 
---- - J - n and thr 
canal, seldom 
communicate 
exterior through the neph 
branchiata. (rf) A membranous sac inclosing the 
heart or dorsal vessel of a spider. Ligaments at- 
tached to the pericardium are connected with the envelops 
of the trachea), and by the dilatation and contraction of 
the heart the trachea? are opened and closed. Cardiac 
pericardium, the reflected serous membrane covering 
the heart; the epicardiuni. 
pericarp (per'i-karp), . [= F. pericarpe = Sp. 
It.pericarpio=l'g.pcricarpo,(.Nlj.pericarpium, 
< Gr. TreptKopmov, a pod, husk, < irepi, around, + 
Kap7r6f, fruit.] In flowering plants, the seed- 
vessel or ripened ovary. It should accord in struc- 
ture with the ovary from which it is derived, but exten- 
sive changes frequently take place during fructification 
hair, mane, foliage.] In Mttxfineee, the circle 
of more or less modified leaves surrounding a 
group of sexual organs, comprising antheridia 
and archegonia, or archegonia alone. From the 
resemblance of these leaves to the bracts or even the calyx 
of flowering plants, they are frequently called "flowers" 
or inflorescences. Perich&tium includes also the cluster 
of leaves at the base of the pedicel or mature sporangium. 
Also perichtetc, perichete. 
perichaetous (per-i-ke'tus), a. [< Gr. mpi, 
around, + x a ' T> >> long hair, mane.] Surrounded 
by bristles, as the segments of some earth- 
worms; specifically, having the characters of 
the genus Perichseta. Hollestoii. 
by which the original ovarian form is obscured. Thus, by pericnolecVStitis (per-i-kol"e- sis-tl'tis) 
ollrtl.tlrttl ttta fiflertltnl ruTT / /-I I *'/-!. 
abortion the original 
number of cells in 
the ovary may be re- 
duced in the fruit, as 
in the oak, chestnut, 
elm, and birch ; or by 
the intrusion of false 
partitions the origi- 
nal number may be 
increased in the fruit, 
as in Datura, Linum, 
Astragalus, etc. The 
pericarp may acquire 
external accessions, 
as the wing of the 
maple, ash, and hop- 
tree, the prickles on 
the pod of Datura, 
llicinus, etc., or the 
barbs of the Koragi- 
nacete. Connected or- 
gans may modify the 
ovary, such as the 
adnate calyx of the 
apple, the pappus of 
the Composite, the 
persistent style of 
Clematis, the fleshy 
calyx of Gaultheria, 
or the fleshy recep- 
tacle of the straw- 
berry. The walls of 
the ovary may change 
in consistence in the 
ruTT / /-I I *'/-!. 
[JNJj., < Gr. Kept, around, + x u/ 'l< bile, gall, + 
Ki'orif, bladder, + -itix. Cf. cholecystitis.'] In- 
flammation around the gall-bladder. 
perichondrial (per-i-kon'dri-al), . [< Gr. mpi, 
around, + ^oVopof, cartilage : see ahondrus.'] 
Surrounding, investing, or covering cartilage, 
as a membrane ; having the character or qual- 
ity of perichondrium. 
The ulceration may penetrate the cartilage to the tis- 
sues external, forming a perichondrial abscess. 
Medical Jfewa, LIU. 507. 
distributed to the pericardium and the diaphragm. 
pericardial (per-i-kar'di-al), . [< pericardium 
perichondritic (per"i-kon-drit'ik), a. [< peri- 
chondritis + -ic.] Pertaining to or affected 
with perichondritis. 
perichondritis (per'i-kon-dri'tis), . [NL., < 
perichondrium + -ttis.] Inflammation of the 
periehondrium. 
perichondrium (per-i-kon'dri-um). H. [= F. 
jifrichondre = It. pericondrio, < NL. perichon- 
drium, < Gr. mpiy around, + x&vipoc., gristle, 
cartilage.] The fibrous investment of carti- 
lage ; a membrane which covers the free sur- 
faces of most cartilages, corresponding to the 
periosteum of bone. It is simply a layer of ordinary 
white fibrous connective tissue prolonged over cartilage 
from neighboring parts, and is deficient on the opposed 
surfaces of articular cartilages in the interior of joints. 
mature pericarp, being leaf -like in the pea-pod, columbine, perichord (per'i-kord), u. IX Gr. mpi, around, 
caltha, etc., thickened and dry in nuts and capsules, fleshy + roo gj, a string- HPP /-Inrrf dutrSo. , 
orpulpyinberries,andfle8hywithoutbutinduratedwithin, rm * 'i, "j , , . "> clt( f ra "< ewa-i.J 
as in all stone-fruits. Where the walls of the pericarp are 1 ne chordal sheath, or investment of the noto- 
composed of dissimilar layers, the layers are distinguished chord. 
as exocarp, etidocarp epicarp, mesocarp, and putamen. In perichordal (per'i-kor-dal), ft. [< perichord + 
cryptogams the pericarp is a variously modified structure / T Snvi-niiiulino- tlio nt/M 1 Q rini-ealia ,,f 
containing certain organs of reproduction. Thus in the [ J , grounding the chorda dorsalis, or noto- 
CAaroeea; it incloses the oosperm, while in the .Ftoricfea' it chord, ot a vertebrate: as, perichordal cells; 
incloses the carpospores. The term is also sometimes perichordal tissue. 
synonymous with the theca or capsule of mosses. perichoresis (per"i-ko-re'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
pericarpia. n. FhusHotperiearpittm, mpixupriaii;, rotation,' < mpixupeiv, go around, 
pericarpial (per-i-kiir'pi-al), a. [= F. pericar- < mpi, around, + xP"i>, { 
Pericarp. 
a and t, capsules of poppy ; b, capsule 
of Aristolochici; it, section of strobilus (or 
cone) of pine ; e, nuts of filbert ;/, drupe 
of plum or peach ; g, section of drupe. 
go on, < '.xapof, place.] 
A going round about; a rotation. Bp. Kaye. 
, ., _._ Pil; as pericarp + -ial.] Same'as peficarpic. _ _,_ 
+ -al.] Surroundingorinclosingtheheart; per- pericarpic (per-i-kiir'pik), a. [= F. pericar- [Rare.] 
taining to the pericardium, or having its char- pique; as pericarp + -ic.] In lot., of or relat- perichoroidal (per*i-ko-roi'dal), a. [< Gr. mpi, 
acter. Also pericardiun, pericardiac, and rare- ln g to a pericarp. around, + E. choroid +'-al.] About or external 
\ypericardic.- Pericardial arteries, small branches pericarpium (per-i-kiir'pi-um), n.; pi. peri- 
given off by the internal mammary and thoracic aorta to carpia (-a). [NL. : see pericarp.] In hot., same 
the pericardium. Pericardial cavity or space, in in- as pericarp. 
sects, a dorsal division of the abdominal cavity, containing npnVarnoidal <ncri kiir- nniVlsi 
the heart or dorsal vessel. In many groups it is separated Pencarpoiaai (\ 1-Kar-poi aa *. f ~ 
from the rest of the abdomen by the alary muscles, which car P + ~ l " + -"< J l n Dot,, belonging to or re- 
collectively have been termed the pericardial septum. sembling a pericarp. 
7 a th? arto * tne .P leura ^ h j<='i is a^- pericecal, a. See periciecal. 
pericentral (per-i-sen'tral), a. [< Gr. mpi. 
around, -I- nevrpov, center'.] Situated about a 
center or central body.- Pericentral tubes, in bot., 
in the so-called polysiphonous seaweeds, the ring of four rates Allman l"87fi 
pericardian (per-i-kar'di-an), a, [< pericardi- m . more elongated cells surrounding the large central D ericla.sefr>pr'i'ldai'V ,i f-V ,>/ 
ttm + -an.-] Same as pericardial. elongated cell. Also called siphons. i-kiaz), n. [== t . pel icla 
[< pericar- Perichaena (per-i-ke'n, n. [NL. (Fries, 1817), 
< peri(dium) + Gr. xalvetv, yawn, gape, open 
muscles between the cavity of the pericardium and the 
general abdominal cavity. Pericardial veins, small 
tributaries from the pericardium to the large azygous vein. 
pericarditic (per'i-kftr-dit'ik), a. k . 
ditto + -ic.] Of or pertaining to pericarditis. 
pericarditis (per"i-kar-di'tis), n. [NL., < peri- 
cardium + -itis.] Inflammation of the pericar- 
dium. 
Ier-i-kar'pi-um), it. ; pi. peri- to the choroid coat of the eye: as, the peri- 
choroidal space (the lymph-space between the 
choroid and sclerotic coats). 
[< peri- pericladium (per-i-kla'di-um), .; pi. peri- 
cladia (-a). [NL. (cf. LGr. mpattoofr, with 
branches all around), < Gr. mpi, around, < KU- 
<Sof, a young slip, branch: see cladus.] 1. In 
bot., the sheathing base of a leaf when it ex- 
pands and surrounds the supporting branch. 
Gray. 2. leap.] In ro67., a genus of ccelente- 
w, < Gr. 
mpljtMHrtf, a twisting round, a wheeling about 
(breaking off), < irepuMai, break off, wheel about, 
round.] A genus of myxomycetous fungi, 
giving name to the family " Perichxnacese. The 
pericardium (per-i-kar'di-um), .; pi. pericar- pedmm is distinct, irregular, or plasmodio- 
dia (-a). [= F. pericarde = Sp. Pg. It. pericar- car pous, and circumscissilely or laciniately de- 
dio, <' NL. pericardium, < Gr. mpcKapSiov, the ^iscent. 
membrane around the heart; prop. neut. of Penchaenacese (per"i-ke-na'se-e), n. pi. [NL. 
* around or near the heart, < mpi (Kostafiiiski, 1875), < P'erichsnia + -accee.'] 
P/ -w, , . -. _ --1 - ' n > J 
\ peri(aium) -r ur. xaiveiv. yawn, gape, open > J'IL ---c 7" ' ,,;".,, 
in allusion to the peridium, which opens a 1^'' rol ? nd ' + <^,break(>^T, f , fracture).] 
3 -, A vjjciia A ,... 1T1111 p r 7 r*rniitiTo- f\f >.io-,i^fio t\S rr f\\ 
around, + itapdia = E. heart.] In anat. and fami 'y of myxomycetous fungi, taking its name Periclean (per-i-kle'an), a. 
zool.: (a) A somewhat conically shaped mem- ? m tlle g pnu s Pericheena, having a simple or Gr. HepiK^c, Pericles' (see del), -f- -ean.] 
brauous sac, inclosing the heart and the origin dou ble peridium, the outer wall being calca- 
A rare mineral consisting of magnesia (MgO) 
with a little iron protoxid. It occurs in minute 
greenish octahedrons embedded in ejected masses of crys- 
talline limestone at Vesuvius, and has also been found 
recently in Sweden. 
periclet (per'i-kl), n. [< l,.pericultim,pericltii, 
_ risk, danger: see peril.'] A danger; danger; 
A _peril; risk; hazard. 
[< L. Pericles, < 
f.), + -ean.] Of 
or relating to Pericles (about 495-429 B. c.), 
of the great vessels. It is composed of two layers an _ reous - ^e foremost citizen and practically chief of the 
outer fibrous one, dense and unyielding in structure, and Penchseta (per-i-ke 'ta), K. [NL. (Eondani state of ancient Athens at her greatest period ; 
nil iini'i' oavntio ,-..-, n .....I ....i 1 . ii.- _ j ,. , , intff\\ ^ f~i / " *' *- - v i 
an inner serous one, reflected on the surface of the viscus 
See cut under thorax. 
The last act of violence committed upon him was the 
piercing of his side, so that out of his Pericardium issued 
both water and blood. StOKngJleet, Sermons, I. vi. 
1859), < Gr. TTfp/, around, + x a '"~>l, long hair, 
mane .] 1 . A genus of dipterous insects. Also 
Pcricheta. 2. A remarkable genus of oligo- 
ehsetous annelids, having the segments peri- 
chastous. It contains several Ceylonese spe- 
4 blood-sinus or special cavity beneath the _ _ , ooi> 
n^lmitn v, a ^ ? n ' in , whlch - theheartis Perictaete, perichete (per'i-ket), n. [= 
suspended by ligaments and arteries, but not pericheze, < NL. perichxtium, q. v.] In I 
otherwise connected, (c) In mollusks, the spa- same as periduBt&m, 
^l^r^^TJL^^^L^^ , is Perichatial ,(per-i-ke'shal), a. 
hence, pertaining to the age of the intellectual 
and material preeminence of Athens. 
With the close of the Periclean period in Athens the 
public desire for more temples seems to have ceased. 
Ecyc. Brit., II. 364. 
traversed by the contractile vessel which acts 
like a heart. It is situated dorsad of the alimentary 
+ -al.] 
chsetium. 
periclinal (per-i-kli'nal), . [As pericline + 
-al.] In bot., running in the same direction as 
the circumference of a part : said of the direc- 
tion in which new cell-wall is laid down. 
...,_- [< iH'i-icliii-tiiim periclinally (per-i-kli'nal-i), ddf. In such a 
iot., ot or pertaining to the peri- manner as to dip on all sides from a central 
point. 
