pericline 
pericline (per'i-klin), . [< Gr. -ti>iH/n->'/r, slop- 
ing on all sides, < iri/ii, around, + n/ii>riv, bend. | 
A variety of albite occurring in the crystalline 
schists of the Alps, the crystals of which are 
usually peculiar in being elongated in thr di- 
rection of the macrodiagonal axis Pericline 
twin. sec i:i-iii. 
periclinium (per-i-kUn'i-nai), .; fLptrltHnia 
(-R). [NL. (cf. Gr. irtpii>/iiin: a conch all round 
a 'table, -ii>ik/n-//i;, sloping on all sides), < Gr. 
iri/>i, around, + n).ivctv, bciul, lean, slope.] In 
hnl.. the involucre of the capitulum in the <'<>m- 
lioxila: Also /it'i-ii>li/>niiitliiiiin. [Hare.] 
periclitatet (pO-rik'H-tat), r. t. [< L. pi-ridi- 
Inliix, ji)). of periclitni'i (> It. /M'l'ii'litare = F. 
/n'-i-i/'li/i-i-), try, prove, test, put to the test, en- 
danger, imperil, < iii-rii-ulmu, in-rii-hiiu, trial, ex- 
periment, test, danger, peril: see peril.'] To 
endanger. 
And why go many grains of calomel ! Santa Maria '. and 
such a dose of opium ! periclitatiny, pardi ! the whole family 
of ye from head to tail ! Sterne, Tristram Shandy, vUl. 3. 
periplitationt (pe-rik-li-ta'shou), . [< L. /><-- 
>'irlit(tti(n-),(pcriclitar!, pp. periclitatus, prove, 
test, endanger: see periclitate.] The state of be- 
ing in danger ; a hazarding or exposing to peril. 
pericolitis (per*i-ko-li'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. irepi, 
around, + Kokov, the colon (see colon 2 ), + -itix. 
Cf. colitis.'] Inflammation of the peritoneal coat 
of the colon, or of the tissues about the colon. 
pericolpitis (per'i-kol-pi'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
Kepi, around, + Kiftirof, bosom, lap, womb, + 
-itix. Cf. coli>itis.] Inflammation of the con- 
nective tissue about the vagina. 
pericope (pe-rik'o-pe), n. [LL., a section of a 
book, < Gr.' ircpiKoirr/, a cutting all round, out- 
line, in LGr. eccl. a section, a portion of Scrip- 
ture, < irepi, around, + K6irrciv, cut.] 1. An 
extract; a selection from a book ; specifically, 
in the ancient Christian church, a passage of 
Scripture appointed to be read on certain Sun- 
days and festive occasions. 2. In awe. pros., 
a group of two or more systems. 
pericomeal (per-i-kor'ue-al), a. [< Gr. irepi, 
around, + NL. cornea, cornea: see corneal.] 
Surrounding or situated about the cornea of 
the eye : as, pericomeal circles. 
pericranet (pw'1-krin), n. [< F. pericrane, < 
NL. pericranium: see pericranium.] The peri- 
cranium; the skull. [Rare.] 
The soundest arguments in vain 
Attempt to storm thy pericrane. 
D'Urfey, Colln's Walk, i. (Damn.) 
pericranial (per-i-kra'ni-al), a. [(pericranium 
+ -al.] Surrounding the cranium; investing 
the skull, as a membrane ; of or pertaining to 
the pericranium. 
pericranium (per-i-kra'ni-um), . ; pi. pericra- 
nia (-a). [Formerly also pericranion (also peri- 
crane, pericrany, q. v.); = F. pericrd ite = Sp. 
pericrdneo = Pg. pericraneo = It. pericranio, < 
NL. pericranium, the membrane around the 
skull, < Gr. irepinp&viov, ueut. of ircptupavioc, 
around the skull (/ mpucpavtof x tT ^ v or vpl/v, the 
membrane around the skull) ; ef. irep'iKpavov, a 
covering for the head ; < irtpl, around, + upaviov, 
the skull, the head : see cranium.'] 1. The ex- 
ternal periosteum of the cranium. Hence 2. 
The general surface or extent of the cranial 
bones ; the cranium or skull itself. 
pericranyt (per'i-kra-ni), n. [< NL. pericranium, 
q. v.] The pericranium ; the skull. 
And when they joined their pericrania, 
Out skips a book of miscellanies. 
Sw\ft, On Poetry. 
Pericrocotus (per'i-kro-ko'tus), n. [NL. (Boie, 
1826), < Gr. Kepi, around, + xpo/curo?, saffron- 
colored : see crocota, crocus.] A genus of cater- 
pillar-catchers of the family Campopkagidx, 
having the bill short and weak. There are about 
20 species, of brilliant or varied plumage, chiefly black and 
scarlet or yellow, inhabiting India, China, the Malay 
peninsula and archipelago, Java, Sumatra, and Borneo, 
such as P. miniatux and P. speciosus. Some of them are 
known as miniixts. The genus is also called Pluxnicornii 
and Acix. 
periculoust (pe-rik'u-lus), a. [< L. periculosus, 
dangerous: see perilous.'] Dangerous; hazard- 
ous. 
As the moon about every seventh day arriveth unto a 
contrary sign, so Saturn, which remaineth about as many 
years as the union doth days in one sign, and holdeth the 
same consideration in years as the moon in days, doth 
cause these periculoujt periods. 
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., iv. 12. 
periculum (pe-rik'u-lum), n. ; pi. pericula (-la). 
[L. : see peril.] In Scots lair, a risk, 
pericystitis (per'i-sis-ti'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
tcpi, around, + KI-OTII;, bladder, + -itig. Cf. 
cyxtitiit.'] Inflammation around the bladder. 
1881 
pericytula (pcr-i-xit'u-lii), .; pi. itericytulm 
(-le). [NL., < Gr. irepi, around, + NL. cytida.] 
In i-niliri/1,1.. the parent-cell or cylula which re- 
sults from a peri in one nil a by the reformation 
of the nucleus, anil which proceeds by partial 
and superficial segmentation of the vitellns to 
develop into a perimorula, periblastula, and 
perigastrula. It is the usual form of ovum or 
egg of insects and other arthropods. See yax- 
triilniiini. 
Peridei (pe-rid'c-i), w. /*(. [NL. (Nylander), < 
l>iri</-iiuii + -ei.] A tribe of lichens in which 
the apothecium is peridiiform. The thallus is 
thin, maculate, or wanting, and the spermo- 
gones have simple sterigmata. 
peridental (per-i-den'tal), . [< Gr. irepi, 
around, + L. dens (dent-) = E. tooth: see den- 
tal.'] Surrounding the teeth Peridental mem- 
brane. () The enamel cuticle, (b) Periosteum of the 
roots of teeth. 
periderm (per'i-derm), n. [= F. periderme, < 
Gr. irepi, around, + iep/ia, skin: see derm.] 1. 
In soiil,, epidenn or cuticle forming an invest- 
ing sheath or tube, as in some tubularian hy- 
dromedusans; a kind of hard perisarc or corti- 
cal layerof the ccenosarc of certain hydrozoans. 
2. In bot., the continuous layers of cork which 
cover the stems of many plants after they have 
acquired a certain age. 
peridermal (per'i-der-mal), . [< periderm + 
-at.] Surrounding or investing like a cuticle ; 
having the character or quality of peridenn. 
peridermic (per-i-der'mik), a. [< periderm + 
-ic.] Same as peridermal. 
peridesmitis (per*i-des-mi'tis), n. [NL., <.peri- 
desmium + -itis.] Inflammation of the peri- 
desmium. 
peridesmium (per-i-des'mi-um), n. [NL., < Gr. 
irepi<5eo/jo(, a baud, belt, < irepi, around, + &a- 
p6f, a band, ligament.] The areolar tissue 
around a ligament. 
peridia, . Plural otperidium. 
peridial (pe-rid'i-al), a. [< peridium + -al.] 
Pertaining to or of the nature of a peridium. 
A very massive peridial wall which is characterized by 
a gelatinous middle layer. De Bary, Fungi (tnins.), p. 312. 
perididymis (per-i-did'i-mis), . [NL., < Gr. 
ftpi, around, + iidvpof, a testicle.] The tunica 
albuginea. See albuginea. 
perididymitis (per-i-did-i-ml'tis), n. [NL., < 
perididymis + -itis.~] Inflammation of the peri- 
didymis. 
peridiiform (pe-rid'i-i-form), a. [< NL. peridi- 
um + L. forma, form.] In bot., having the 
form of a peridium. 
peridinial (per-i-din'i-al), a. [< NL. Peridini- 
tim + -al.] Related to or resembling Peridini- 
um; belonging to the Peridiniidx. 
Peridiniidae (per*i-di-m'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Peridinium + -idee.] The leading family of 
cilioflagellate infusorians, represented by Peri- 
dinium and several other genera, character- 
ized by having a ciliate zone, or girdle of cilia, 
in addition to one or more flagella. These ani- 
malcules are free-swimming, of persistent form, inhabit- 
ing both fresh and salt water, often phosphorescent, lori- 
cate or sometimes illoricate, mostly with a single flagellum, 
f requently with an eye-like pigment-spot, and always with 
a distinct oral aperture. They reproduce by fission and by 
sporulation. The modern family corresponds to several 
older groups of similar names and less exact definition. 
Peridinium (per-i-din'i-um), n. [NL. (Ehren- 
berg, 1836), < Gr. mpidtvi/f, whirled around; cf. 
Ttpidfvof, a rover, pirate, < xtpi, around, + divo? , 
a whirling.] The typical genus of Peridiniidse. 
There are several species, as P. talmlatvm of Great Brit- 
ain and P. sanyu.ineu.m of India. The latter imparts a 
bloody color to water that contains it. Some are called 
wreath-a nimalcules. 
Peridiodei (per'i-di-o'de-i), . pi. [NL. (Ny- 
lander), < peridium + Gr. eitiof, form.] A series 
of lichens, according to the classification of 
Nylander, including the single tribe Peridei. 
peridiole (pe-rid'i-61), n. [< NL. peridiolum, 
q. v.] In bot., same as peridiolum. 
peridiolum (per-i-di'o-lum), n. [NL., dim. of 
peridium.'] In bot., in gasteromycetous fungi, 
the smaller peridia or nests of tissue formed 
within the general fructification, and inside of 
which the hymenium is formed ; also, the inner 
layer of a peridium when more layers than one 
are present. See cuts under apothecium, ascus, 
and Fun</i. 
peridium (pe-rid'i-um), n.: pi. peridia (-a). 
[NL., < Gr. ' 7n/pi<5ior, dim. of typa, a leather 
pouch, wallet, scrip.] The outer enveloping 
coat of a sporophore in angiocarpous fungi, 
upon which the spores develop in a closed cav- 
ity. In the Urcdineie it envelops the aecidium, and is also 
called the psttidoperidium, or paraphysis envelop. In the 
periependymal 
Gaiteromycetes It is alsocalli d tin- ni,fn.i. ;,IM| may lie dif- 
ferentiated into an I'U'i i- 1" i i'lii'in , u Mi li JI:IIH in various 
ways, and an inn' / ////<"//< i jn-i ulioliun), which directly 
incloses the gleba. See cuts under LU<-"JM /'/-,, and Sper- 
iiiii-liiniinii. 
peridot (lier'i-dot), it. [< F. /ii'-riilnl = l'%. It. 
l"i-i<loto, ML. pcritot (after F.), also periodua 
(appar. after L. iitriixlux, period), a kind of em- 
erald; origin not clear.] Same as cln -i/xnliii'. 
peridotic (per-i-dot'ik), . [< peridot + -ic.] 
1'ertaining to, resembling, or characterized by 
the presence of peridot or of peridot itc. 
peridotite (per'i-do-tit), . [< peridot + -it,*. ] 
A rock composed essentially of olivin, with 
which are usually associated more or less of 
one or more of the minerals enstatite, dial- 
lag.', augite, magnetite, chromite, and picotite. 
Lithologists are by no means agreed in regard to the 
nomenclature of the varieties of peridotite. M. F.. Wads- 
worth distinguishes the following: dvuitv, composed al- 
most entirely of olivfn, with a few grains of picotite, 
magnetite, or some other accessory mineral : itaxonite, a 
variety consisting of olivin and enstatite: Ihmolile, of 
olivin with enstatite and diallage; bucluierile, of olivin, 
enstatite, and augite; eulytite, of olivin ami diallage; 
vierite, of olivin and augite. Of these varieties, the first 
lour have been found In meteorites as well as in terres- 
trial rocks ; the others, so far as known, are exclusively 
terrestrial. Olivin passes readily into serpentine; hence 
many olivin rocks are found more or less completely al- 
tered Into that mineral, so that the distinction between 
olivin and serpentine rocks is one not easily preserved. 
Peridotite Is known to be in some cases an eruptive rock, 
and Is generally supposed to have been such in all cases. 
That most serpentine rocks are the result of the altera- 
tion of some peridotic material is also generally conceded ; 
that serpentine may have been produced in some other 
way Is possible, but has not been distinctly proved. 
peridrome (per'i-drom), n. [= F. peridrome = 
Sp. Pg. It. peridromo, < Gr. Kepi6po/ios, a gallery 
running round a building, < mpifpoftof, running 
round, < ncpi, around, + Spaut'tv, run.] In an 
ancient peripteral temple, the open space or 
passage between the walls of the cella and 
the surrounding columns. See cut under opi- 
thodomos. 
periegesis (perl-e-je'sis), H. [NL., < Gr. irepti/- 
y^ffff, a leading around, irepiriyeiofiai, lead around, 
< irtpi, around, + qyeiaSat, lead: see hegemony.] 
A progress through or around ; especially, a for- 
mal progress, or a journey in state ; a travel- 
ing through anything. 
In his periegesis, or triumphant progress throughout this 
island, it has been calculated that he laid a ty the part of 
the inhabitants under contribution. 
Lamb, Two Races of Men. 
perielesis (per"i-e-le'sis), n. [< Gr. 
a convolution, < xepieiteiv, fold or wrap round, 
< Kepi, around, -I- elfaiv, roll up.] In Gregorian 
music, a long ligature or phrase at the end of a 
melody, the tones of which are sung to a single 
syllable. Compare pneuma. 
periencephalitis (per'i-en-sef-a-li'tis), n. [< 
Gr. irepi, around, -r ^Kf0a?.of, the brain (see 
encephalon), + -itig.] Inflammation of the pia 
mater and tissues immediately subjacent. 
Perlencephalitia acuta, an acute psychosis presenting 
maniacal delirium followed by apathy and collapse, and 
attended with irregular pyrexia and frequent pulse. The 
onset, usually after some mental prodromes, is apt to be 
sudden ; the end is ordinarily in death or in dementia and 
paralysis. There is Intense hypereniia of the pia, arach- 
noid, and cortex, with evidence of inflammation. Also 
called delirium acutum, typhomania, mania ijramg, phreni- 
lii. grate delirium, Bell's disease, acute peripheral encepha- 
litis. 
periendymal (per-i-eu'di-mal), a. [< Gr. xtpi, 
around, + NL. endyma: see endymal.] Same as 
periependymal. 
perienteric (per'i-en-ter'ik), a. [< perienteron 
+ -ic.] Situated around or about the enteron ; 
perivisceral ; co3lomatic ; of or pertaining to the 
perienteron : as, the perienteric fluid of a worm. 
Perienteric cavity. Same as perienteron. 
perienteron (per-i-en'te-ron), . [NL., < Gr. 
irepi, around, + evrepov'j intestine : see archen- 
teron.] The primitive perivisceral cavity per- 
sisting as a modified blastocale after a blasto- 
sphere has undergone gastrulation ; the blasto- 
cffile of a gastrula, or the space between the en- 
doderm and the ectoderm, as distinguished from 
the cavity of the archenteron inclosed within 
the endoderm. Usnally the perienteron is speedily 
obliterated by the apposition of the endoderm and ecto- 
derm ; and then, by the development of a mesoderm and 
the splitting up of its layers, or by the extension Into the 
perienteron of diverticula of the archenteron which be- 
come shut off from the latter, a permanent and definitive 
perivisceral or perienteric cavity, in the form of a schizo- 
ccsle or of an enterocoele, replaces the original perienteron 
to form a body-cavity between the body-wails and the walls 
of the alimentary canal. 
periependymal (per^i-e-peu'di-mal), a. [NL., 
< Gr. irepi, around, + NL. ej>endyma : see epett- 
<lj/iiiat.] Situated or occurring about, or just 
outside of, the ependyma: as, perieiiendumal 
myelitis. Also periendymnl. 
