peril 
not comprehended In the ordinary wear and tear of the 
voyage, or directly referable to the acts and negligence "f 
the assured as its proximate cnnsr. Arnold. 
= 8yn 1. Jeopardy, etc. See danyer and risk. 
peril (per'il), ;. ; prct. Mini pp. in ril ill r /a nlli il, 
ppr. pi-riliiiii nrpi'i'illiiii/. | < ( >!'. /H-rillir, put in 
peril, be in peril, perish, = Kp. inli</rar = ] J g. 
inrii/nr = It. /iii'ii'iiliii'i , \>i-i it/linn-, />< ricnlare, < 
ML. /H'rii'iiliiri-, i'iiil:iiif,'cr, peril, perish by ship- 
wreck, < Ij. i>iri<-nliiiii, (lunger, peril : sec>/i'T<7, . 
Cf. jn'rirlitn /<:] I. Irniia. To hazard ; risk ; put 
in peril or danger. 
il. inlrinis. To bo in danger. 
Any soile wherewith it may peril to stain it self. 
ililtiin, Church-Oovernment, 11. S. 
Perilampinse (pcr'i-lain-pi'ne), . pi. [NL. 
(FOrstfr, 18.")(i). < 1'i-rilnnipua + -iiue.] A nota- 
ble subfamily of chalcids, mainly tropical. These 
parasites are large compact forms with highly arched and 
deeply punctured thorax, the stigmul vein of the fore 
wings developed, and the abdominal joints evident, as in 
Perilatnpus. 
Ferilampus (per-i-lain'pus), n. [NL. (Latreille, 
1809), < Gr. 7rep(/<i//ire<v, beam around, < irtpi, 
around, + %6/meiv, shine.] The typical genus 
of I'rriitiHtiiiitir, having the abdomen not petio- 
late and the antenure scarcely clavate. It is 
Ring-banded Soldier-bug ( Ptrillus 
cimmcinctus). 
a, bug (line shows natural size) ; 
b, antenna, enlarged; r, proboscis, 
enlarged. 
oeal.] Around or in the immediate neighbor- 
hood of the larynx. 
perilaryngitis '(pcr-i-lar-in-ji'tis), n. [NL., < 
Gr. irepi, around, + Aapvyl; ()iapvyy-), larynx, 
+ -itis.] Inflammation of the aroolar tissue 
around the larynx. 
Perilla (pe-ril'S), n. [NL. (Linneus, 1764), 
from a native name in India.] A genus of an- 
nual herbs of the order Labiates, tribe Saturei- 
nese, and subtribe Menthoidex, known by the 
four perfect didynamous stamens, the reticu- 
lated nutlets, and the declined two-tipped fruit- 
ing calyx. The 2 species are natives of eastern India 
and China. They bear small flowers in racemes, and usu- 
ally purple or deep-violet foliage, on account of which P. 
Naiittinenxi, sometimes called beefsteak-plant, has been 
much used for ornamental borders. /'. aryuta of Japan 
yields an Infusion used to redden table vegetables, etc.; 
and the oil yemola, pressed from its seeds, is used in the 
preparation of Japanese paper to imitate leather, and of 
water-proof papers for umbrellas, windows, etc. 
Perillus (pe-ril'us), n. [NL. (Stal, 1867), < Peril- 
lus, proper name.] A 
genus of pentatomoid 
bugs of the subfamily 
Asopinee, having the 
head smooth and shin- 
ing, the thorax with 
narrowly elevated 
lateral margins, and 
the tibiea distinctly 
sulcate. There are 6 
species, exclusively Amer- 
ican. P. circumcinctus is 
common in Canada and 
the western United States, 
and Is known as the rin<j-bamli'd soldier-buff. It is pre- 
daceous, and one of the known enemies of the Colorado 
potato-beetle. 
perilous (per'il-us), a. [Formerly also peril- 
lous, also parlous, parlish (see parlous) ; < ME. 
perilous, perlowse, < OF. periltos, perilleux, F. 
pMlleux = Sp. pellijroso = Pg. nerigoso = It. 
periglioso,pericoloso,periculoso,<.Li.periculosus, 
dangerous, hazardous, < periculum, danger, per- 
il: see peril, .] 1. Full of peril or danger; 
dangerous; hazardous; risky: as, a perilous 
undertaking or situation ; a perilous attempt. 
I have not ben so fer aboven upward, because that 
there ben to many perilouse Passages. 
MandemUe, Travels, p. 51. 
And yet vnto this day it is a right fyllous way. 
Sir K. Ouyfforde, Pylgrymage, p. 41. 
He [Milton] fought their perilous battle; but he turned 
away with disdain from their insolent triumph. 
Macaulay, Milton. 
In the Norse legends the gods of Valhalla, when they 
meet the Jotuns, converse on the perilous terms that he 
who cannot answer the other's questions forfeits his own 
life. Emerson, Clubs. 
2f. Terrible ; to be feared ; liable to inflict in- 
jury or harm ; dangerous. 
For I am perilmit with knyf In honde, 
Albe it that I dar nat hir withstonde. 
Chaucer, Prol. to Monk's Tale, 1. 31. 
Ahab was a king, but .Tezabel, Jezabel, she was the per- 
ilmu woman. Latimer, Sermon bef. Edw. VI., 1550. 
3f. Sharp ; sarcastic ; smart. Compare parlous. 
A perilous mouthe ys wors than spere or launce. 
Booke of Precedence (E. E. T. S., extra sen), I. 80. 
= Syn. 1. Risky. See danger. 
periloust (per'il-us), adt. [< perilous, a.] Ex- 
ceedingly; very. 
4399 
She is penlout crafty ; 
I fear, too honest for us all too. 
Fletcher, Humorous Lieutenant, ill. 2. 
perilously (per'il-us-li), ailr. In a perilous 
manlier; dangerously; with hazard. 
perilousness (per'il-us-ncs), n. The quality of 
bei UK perilous ; dangerousness ; danger ; hazard. 
perilympb. (per'i-limf), . [< Gr. iftpi, around, 
+ NL. lympha, lymph: see lymph.'] The clear 
fluid contained within the osseous labyrinth 
of tho ear, surrounding the membranous laby- 
rinth: distinguished from endolympli. Also 
called ti</nor Cotunnii. 
perilymphangeitis (per'i-lim-fan-je-i'tis), n. 
[NL., < Gr. Kepi, around, + NL. lympha, lymph, 
+ Gr. ayyfuni, a vessel, + -itis. Cf. lymphanye- 
itix.] Inflammation of the connective tissue 
about a lymphatic vessel. 
perilymphangial (per'i-lim-fan'ji-al), . [< 
Gr. TTfp/, around, -t- NL. lympha, lymph, + Gr. 
ayyelov, a vessel.] Surrounding or about the 
lymphatic vessels: as, perilymphanyial or peri- 
lymphatic nodules (nodules of lymphoid tissue 
surrounding or about the lymphatic vessels). 
perilymphatic (per*i-lim-fat'ik), a. [< peri- 
lymph + -atte 1 .] Of or pertaining to the peri- 
lymph: as, perilymphatic spaces. 
perimancyt, Same as pyromancy. 
perimeristem (per-i-mer'is-tem), . [< Gr. mpl, 
around, + E. meriutem.] In hot., that portion 
of the meristem which gives rise to the ex- 
ternal cortex and the dermatogen. See meso- 
meristem. 
perimeter (pe-rim'e-ter), n. [= F. penmetre 
= Sp. perimctro = Pg. It. perinietro, < L. peri- 
metros, < Gr. vepifurpof, the circumference, < 
irtpl, round, + ^rpov, measure: see meter*.] 
1. The circumference, border, or outer boun- 
dary of a superficial figure ; also, the measure 
of this boundary. 
If It (a circle] be perfect, all the lines from some one 
point of it drawn to the perimeter must be exactly equal. 
Dr. H. More, Antidote against Atheism, I. vi. 1. 
2. An instrument for determining the visual 
power of different parts of the retina and plot- 
ting areas of distinct vision. 
perimetral (per-i-me'tral), a. [< perimetr-ic^ 
+ -a/.] Same as perimetric^. 
perlmetric 1 (per-i-met'rik), o. [< perimeter + 
-ic.] 1. Of or pertaining to the perimeter or 
external boundary of a body: as, perimetric 
measurements. 2. Pertaining to perimetry. 
perimetric 2 (per-i-me'trik), a. [< Gr. vepi, 
around, + utfrpa, uterus, + -ic.~] Situated or 
occurring around or in the immediate vicinity 
of the uterus. 
perimetrical (per-i-met'ri-kal), a. [< perimeter 
+ -ic-al (cf. metrical).'] Of or pertaining to the 
perimeter. 
perimetritic (per*i-me-trit'ik), a. [< perime- 
trit(is) + -ic.~\ Of, pertaining to, or character- 
ized by perimetritis. 
perimetritis (per'i-me-tri'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
irepi, around, + fi'/rpa, uterus, + -itis. Cf. 
metritis.'] Inflammation about the uterus; pel- 
vic peritonitis. 
perimetry (pe-rim'et-ri), n. [< perimeter + -y s .] 
The determination of the boundaries of areas 
of distinct vision in the field of view by means 
of a perimeter. 
perimonerula (per'i-mo-ner'Q-la), n. ; pi. peri- 
monerulse (-le). [NL., < Gr. irepi, around, + NL. 
monerula.] Inem6ryoZ.,thepionerula stage of a 
meroblastic egg which undergoes superficial as 
well as partial segmentation of the vitellus, and 
develops in succession into a pericytula, peri- 
morula, periblastula, and perigastrula. It is 
a cytode which includes formative yolk in the 
outer wall and nutritive yolk in the interior. 
perimonerular (per'i-mo-ner'Q-lar), a. [< peri- 
monerula -t--r3.] Of or pertaining to a penmo- 
nerula. 
perimorph (per'i-mdrf ), n. [< Gr. itepi, around, 
+ popfyii, form.] A mineral inclosing another, 
or formed around another by its partial meta- 
morphism. 
perimorphic (per-i-mor'fik), a. [< perimorph 
+ -ic.] Of, relating to, or of the nature of a 
perimorph. 
The pseudomorphic or perimorphie hornblende has pre- 
cisely the same characters as the original hornblende. 
Quart. Jour. Seal. Soc., XLIV. 452. 
perimorphous (per-i-mor'fus), a. [<.perimorph 
+ -ous.] Same as perimorphie. 
perineurial 
the partial and superficial segmentation of the 
vitellus of a pericytula, ami proi-i-eils to de- 
velop into a periblastula and perigastrula. It 
Is a body in which an external cell-stratum surrounds and 
Incloses an unsegmented mass of nutritive yolk. Sea 
pericytula. 
perimorular (per-i-mor'^-lar), a. [< perimnr- 
ulu + -ar.] Of or pertaining to a penmorula. 
perimysial (per-i-mis'i-al), a. [< pt-rimynl-um 
+ -di.] Investing a muscle, as a sheath of 
connective tissue or a fascia; of or pertaining 
to perimysium. 
penmysium (per-i-mis'i-um), n.; pi. pcrimyxia 
(-il). [NL., < Gr. ntpi, around, + plf, muscle.] 
The outer investment or sheath of areolar tis- 
sue which surrounds a muscle, sending inward 
partitions between the fasciculi. 
perineal, perinaeal (per-i-ne'al), a. [= F. j><?- 
rineal ; as perineum + -al.'} Of or pertaining to 
the perineum; connected with or contained in 
the perineum ; done in or performed upon the 
perineum : as, perineal veins, glands, muscles, 
etc. ; perineal section, laceration, rupture; peri- 
neal operations Perineal aponeurosia. Sune u 
perineal fascia. Perineal artery, (a) Superficial, a 
branch of the pudic supplying chiefly the back of the scro- 
tum in the male and the pudendal labia In the female. 
(() Tranmerst, a branch of the superficial perineal or pu- 
dic supplying the parts between the anus and the bulb of 
the urethra. Perineal body. See perineum, 1. Per- 
ineal fascia, the fascia of the pelvic outlet, more espe- 
cially that of the true perineum, in front of the anus. 
See fascia. Perineal hernia, a rare hernia In the per- 
ineum, by the side of the rectum, or between the rec- 
turn and the vagina In the female, or the rectum and the 
bladder in the male. Perineal nerve, one of the termi- 
nal divisions of the pudic, sending superficial branches to 
the skin of the perineum, and the back of the scrotum In 
the male, or the labia in the female, and deep branches 
to the perineal muscles. Perineal region. Same as 
perineum. Perineal section, incision mtu the urethra 
through the perineum, for the relief of stricture. Peri- 
neal strait, the inferior strait of the pelvia. 
perineocele (per-i-ne'6-sel) ; n. [< NL. perineum 
+ Gr. laity, tumor.] tlernia in the perineum. 
perineoplasty (per-i-ne-o-plas'ti). n. [< NL. 
perineum + Gr. TrJ^zorof, verbal adj. of irMaoeiv, 
mold.] A plastic operation on the perineum, 
as a perineorrhaphy. 
perineorrhaphy (per'i-ne-or'a-fi), n. [< NL. 
perineorrhaphia, < perineum + Gr. patf, suture, 
< pdirmv, sew, stitch together.] Suture of the 
perineum, as when ruptured in childbirth. 
perlnephral (per-i-nef'ral), a. [< Gr. mpi, 
around, + ve<pp6f, the kidney.] Situated or oc- 
curring around or in the immediate vicinity of 
the kidney. 
perinephrial (per-i-uef'ri-al), a. [< NL. peri- 
nephrium + -al.] Surrounding the kidney; of 
or pertaining to the perinephnum. 
perinephric (per-i-nef rik), a. Same as peri- 
nephrtal. 
perinephritic (per'i-nef-rit'ik), o. [< peri- 
nephritis + -ic.J 1. Pertaining to or affected 
with perinephritis. 2. Perinephric. 
perinephritlS (per'i-nef-ri'tis), n. [NL.,< peri- 
nephrium + -itis.] Inflammation of the areolar 
tissue around the kidney. 
perinephrium (per-i-nef 'ri-um), . [NL., < Gr. 
mpi, around, + veppoc, the kidney.] The con- 
nective tissue which forms a more or less com- 
plete capsule or sheath for the kidney. 
perineum, perinasum (per-i-ne'um), n. [= F. 
perince = Sp. Pg. It. perineo, < NL. perinseum, 
perineum (LL. perimeon, perineon), < Gr. vepi- 
veov, vcpivaiov, also Trcpiveof, Trepivaiof, sometimes 
irepivof, the perineum ; origin uncertain ; by 
some explained as if *irt/piveov, < m/piv (irypiv-) 
or fftfp/f (xripiv-), scrotum.] 1 . The region of the 
body between the thighs, extending from the 
anus to the fourchette in the female, or to the 
Scrotum in the male. In this, the usual surgical and 
obstetrical sense of the word, the term may Include, In 
the female, all the deeper parts between the posterior 
wall of the vagina and the anterior wall of the rectum, or It 
may be more particularly applied to the superficial parts, 
the deeper parts receiving the name of perineal body. 
2. The region included by the outlet of the 
pelvis, extending from the apex of the subpubic 
arch in front to the tip of the coccyx benind, 
and bounded laterally by the conjoined pubic 
and ischiatic rami, the tuberosities of the ischia, 
and the great sacrosciatic ligaments, it Is occn- 
pled by the termination of the rectum, the urethra, the 
root of the penis In the male, or the termination of the 
vagina, the vulva, and the clitoris in the female, together 
with their muscles, fascia;, vessels, and nerves. In this 
sense, the division in front of the anus Is termed the tire- 
thral part, or the true perineum, and the posterior division. 
Including the anus, is termed the anal part, ixhiorrctal 
region, or the false perineum. 
perineuria. . Plural of perineurium. 
perineurial (per-i-nu'ri-al), a. [< SL.periHeu- 
morula or mulberry-mass which results from riant + -<il.] Investing" a nerve or surround- 
perimorula ( per-i-mor'ij-la), n. [NL. , < Gr. ire pi, 
around, + NL. morula, q. v.] In embryol., the 
