Pocket-mouse (Ptrognathus /asciatus). 
(Lower figure shows external cheek* 
pouches.) 
perochirus 
perochirus (pe-ro-ki'rus), n. pi. jirrochiri (-ri). 
[ XI,., < (ir. //-, maimed, -t- xufi, hand.] In 
li mini., a monster with incomplete or defect ive 
hands. 
Perodicticus (pe-ro-ilik'ti-kus), . [NL. (Ben- 
nett I, < (ir. ~>/i>"(, maimed, + AitKrtm'n; nerving 
to point out (with rcf. to the index-finger): see 
ili'irlii:} An African genus of lemurs, of the 
family l.< nniriitir mid suU'atnily .\yrticebitue, BO 
called from the rudimentary index-finger; the 
pottos. /'. jxttto is the only species. See cut 
under i>lli>. 
perofskite, . Same uspcnintkiti: 
Perognathinae (pe-rog-na-thi'ne), n. pi. [NL. 
(Cones, lH7f>), < Prroyiitiilius + -(.] A sub- 
family of Saccomijidte, represented by the ge- 
nus Pt'roijnu thus and related forms ; the pocket- 
mice. They have the hind limbs scarcely saltatorlal, the 
Inner digit of the liiml fuot well developed, the soles na- 
ked or sparsely pilous, the molars rooted, the upper inci- 
sors compressed and sulcatc, the temporal region of the 
skull moderately developed, and the pelage moderately 
hispid. As in other members of the same family, there are 
external cheek-pouches, furry inside. The subfamily is 
confined to the western parts of North America, Origi- 
nally Perognathidiiue. 
Perognathus (pe-rog'na-thus), n. [NL. (Maxi- 
milian, Prince of Wied, 1839), < Gr. 
pouch, + yva- 
Woc, jaw.] The 
typical genus . , "i- J , 
of the subfam- 
ily Pero(j>inllii- 
nte, having an 
upright autitra- 
gal lobe of the 
ear and the soles 
nearly naked. 
There are several 
species, as the 
tuft-tailed pocket- 
mouse, P. penicii- 
latus, and the fascl- 
ated, P. fasciatus, 
Inhabiting the United States west of the Mississippi. 
They resemble mice, but have external cheek-pouches. 
peroguet, . An obsolete form of pirogue. 
Peromela (pe-rom'e-lS), n. pi. [NL. (F. pero- 
meles, Duiueril and Bibron, 1841), < Gr. tnipo- 
/i&f/f, with maimed limbs : see perowelus.] A 
group of ophiomorphic or pseudophidian am- 
phibians: same as OpJiioiHorpha. 
peromelus (pe-rom'e-lus), . ; pi. peromeU (-li). 
[NL., < Gr. irr/pofietyf, with maimed limbs, < mf- 
p6f, maimed, + /i//oc, alimb.] In teratol.,a,mon- 
ster with incomplete formation of the extremi- 
ties. 
peronaeus, . See peroneus. 
peronate (per'o-nat), a. [< L. peronatus, rough- 
booted, (pero(n-), a kind of boot of rawhide.] 
In hot., thickly covered with a mealy or woolly 
substance, as the stipes of certain fungi. 
perone (per'o-ne), n. [= F. peront = Sp. pero- 
ne = Pg. It. 'peroueo, < NL. perone, the fibula, 
< Gr. nepovtj, the tongue of a buckle or brooch, 
a brooch, piu, linch-pin, etc., also the small 
bone of the arm or leg, the fibula, < mipetv, 
pierce.] In anat., the fibula or smaller bone of 
the leg: so called from its resemblance to the 
pin of a brooch. 
peroneal (per-o-ue'al), a. [< perone + -al."] In 
mint., of or pertaining to the perone or fibula; 
fibular. Anterior peroneal muscle. Same as per- 
oneus tertiiu. Descending peroneal artery, the pos- 
terior peroneal.- Perforating peroneal artery. See 
ftrforatimj. Peroneal artery, the largest branch of 
the posterior tibial, lying deeply in the back of the leg, 
close to the fibula. It supplies most of the muscles on 
the back and outer part of the leg, and divides, just 
above the ankle, into the anterior and posterior peroneal, 
the former of which, after passing to the front between 
tlie tibia and the fibula, terminates on the front and outer 
side of the tarsus ; the latter terminates in branches which 
ramify on the back and outer surface of the calcaneum. 
Peroneal bone, the fibula. Peroneal muscles. 
See peroneus. Peroneal nerve, the smaller division of 
the great sciatic, dividing near the head of the fibula into 
the anterior tibial and the musculocutaneous. It supplies 
the knee-joint and the skin on the back and outer side of 
the leg as far as the middle, by branches given off in its 
course. Also called external popliteal nene, nndfibularit. 
Peroneal veins, the venae comites of the peroneal artery. 
peroneocalcaneal (per-o-ue*6-kal-ka'ne-al), a. 
[< NL. pcrone, fibula, + ealcaneum, heel-bone.] 
Of or pertaining to the perone or fibula and the 
caleaneum, os calcis, or heel-bone : as, the pero- 
iifuciili'diii'iil muscle or ligament. 
peroneocalcaneus (per-o-ne'6-kal-ka'ne-us), 
H. ; -ni.pemiie'K-iilciiiiei (-i). [NL., < perune', fibu- 
la, + L. ftilcant'itiii. the heel.] A small muscle 
passing from the fibula to the calcaneum, oc- 
casionally found in man. 
peroneotibial (per-o-ne-6-tib'i-al), . and n. 
[< NL.JK /()/, fibula, + L. tibiti, the shin-bone: 
I 109 
see liliitil.} I. n. Of or pertaining to the per- 
mie or fibula mid the tibia: tihiotihular. 
II. H. 1. A muscle in some marsupial ani- 
mals, ami also in reptiles and batrachiaus, pass- 
ing downward obliquely from the fibula to the 
tiliia in the place of the usual interosseoim 
membrane. 2. An anomalous muscle in man, 
occurring about once in seven cases, arising 
from the inner side of the head of the fibula, 
and inserted into the oblique line of the tibia. 
It is constant in apes. Also called pronator 
lilliil'. 
peroneus, peronaeus (per-o-ne'us), n.; pi. per- 
inii i. i>i i-iiniei (-i). [NL., < Or. nei>6vt/, fibula: see 
\n runt:] In anat., one of several fibular mus- 
cles Communicans peronel, a cutaneous nerve con- 
necting the peroneal wltn the external saphenous nerve. 
Peroneus accessorius, an anomalous muscle in man, 
arising from the fibula, between the longus and the brevls, 
and joining the tendon of the former in the sole of the 
foot : apparently a form of the peroneus quinti digiti. 
Peroneus antlcus. Same as peroneia limit. Per- 
oneus brevis, a muscle lying beneath the peroneus 
longus. arising from the lower two thirds of the shaft of 
the ftbula and inserted into the base of the fifth metatar- 
sal bone. Also c&\\ed peroneus necundu8,peroneuganticuit, 
peroneut medius, and semijilndarig. See cut r nder muscle. 
Peroneus longus, the largest of the peroneal muscles, 
arising from the upper two thirds of the fibula chietly, 
and, after passing obliquely across the sole of the foot, 
Inserted into the outer part of the base of the first meta- 
tarsal bone. See cut under mutde. Peroneus medius. 
quinti digiti, a muscle of a large number of mammals, 
and not infrequent in man. It arises from the fibula be- 
tween the peroneus longus and the peroneus brevis, and 
is inserted into the proximal phalanx of the tilth toe. 
Peroneus secundus. Same as peroneus brevis. Pero- 
neus tertius, an annex of the extensor longus digito- 
runi. its tendon being inserted into the base of the fifth 
metatarsal. Also called anterior peroneal muscle, and 
flexor metatarsi. See cut under muscle. 
peronia 1 (pe-r6'ni-jl),n.; p\.peroni& (-e). [NL., 
< Gr. mpovri, a brooch, pin, etc. : see perone.'] 
In ffydrozoa, a mantle-rivet; one of the hard 
gristly processes which connect the base of a 
tentacle with the marginal ring, as of a narco- 
medusan. 
Peronia 2 (pe-ro'ni-8), n. [NL. ; named after 
the French naturalist Peron.] 1. The typical 
genus of Peroniidse. De litainville, 1824. See 
Onchidiidse. 2. A genus of dipterous insects. 
Desvoidy, 1830. 
peronial (pe-ro'ni-al), a. [< peronia 1 + -al.] 
In Hydrozoa, having the character or quality of 
a mantle-rivet ; of or pertaining to a peronia. 
Peroniidae (per-o-ni'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Pero- 
nia 2 + -idee.} A family of slug-like littoral gas- 
tropods : same as Onchidiidse. 
Peronospora (per-o-nos'po-ra), n. [NL. (Cor- 
da, 1842), < Gr. 7rcp6vr/, a brooch, pin, + air6po(, 
seed.] A genus of phycomycetous fungi, giving 
name to the family Peronosporacese. They grow 
upon living plants, causing some of the most destructive 
diseases known. The mycelium penetrates or covers the 
tissues of the host, sending up branching conidiophores 
which bearrelativelylargeconidia. Large globose oospores 
are also produced on the mycelium. About 70 species are 
known, of which P. vtricoca, the downy mildew of the 
grape, is the most destructive. See grape-mildew, ffrape- 
rot, mildew, Fungi, and cuts under conidium, mildew, 
Aaurforium, and oospore. 
Peronosporaceae (per-6-nos-po-ra'se-e), n. pi. 
[NL. (De Bary, 1861), <; Peronospora + -acese.] 
A family or order of phycomycetous fungi, 
including the genera Cystopus, Phytophthora, 
Sclerospora, Phismosporn, and Peronospora. Re- 
production is either agamic by zoospores or by the direct 
germination of conidia, or sexual by oogonia and anthe- 
ridia. See Peronospora. 
Peronosporeae^r'o-no-spd're-e), n.pl. [NL., 
< Peronospora + -eee.~\ Same as Peronospora- 
cese. 
peropod (pe'rp-pod). a. and n. [< Gr. nwxif, 
maimed ; + iroi't (iroa-) = E. foot.'] I. a. Hav- 
ing rudimentary hind limbs, as a serpent; of 
or pertaining to the Peropoda ; pythoniform. 
II. n. A member of the Peropoda, as a python 
or boa. 
Peropoda (pe-rop'o-da), . pi. [NL.: see pe- 
ropod.] A series or superfamily of pythoni- 
form serpents, nearly always having rudimen- 
tary hind limbs. It corresponds to Pythonoidea. It 
contains 4 families, the Pythonidtt, Boidy, Charinidff, and 
Eryddjr, when the last is admitted as a distinct family. 
peropodous (pe-rop'o-dus), a. [< peropod + 
-ous.] Same as peropod. 
peroquet, . Same as parrakeet. 
perorate (per'o-rat), v. i. ; pret. and pp. pero- 
i-iitnl. ppr. /iiriii-iitiiig. [< L. peroratus, pp. of 
pi-mriirc (> It. perorare = Sp. Pg. perorar= F. 
lii'rorrr), speak to the end, bring a speech to a 
close, conclude, < per, through, + orare, speak: 
perpendicle 
see oration.'] To make a peroration; by . x- 
N-iiMon, to make a speech, especially a grandilo- 
quent one. [Colloq.] 
I >ee him strain on tiptoe, soar and pour 
Eloquence out, nor stay nor stint at all 
1'rrnrate In the air, and BO, to press 
With the product! 
Browning, Ring and Book, II. 71. 
peroration (per-o-ra'shon), . [< OY.perora- 
tiim, perorauttm, F. eroraio = Sp. peroration 
= Pg. peroracao = It. perorazitme, < L. perora- 
tio(n-), the finishing part of a speech, < pero- 
rare, pp. peroratux, bring a speech to a close : 
see /n rnriitt .] The concluding part of an ora- 
tion, in which the speaker recapitulates the 
principal points of his discourse or argument, 
and urges them with greater earnestness and 
force, with a view to make a deep impression on 
his hearers ; hence, the conclusion of a speech, 
however constructed. 
Nephew, what means this passionate discourse, 
This peroration with snch circumstance? 
Shall., a Hen. VI., L 1. 105. 
His enthusiasm kindle* as he advances, and when he ar- 
rives at his peroration It is in full blaze. Burke. 
Perospondylia (per'o-spon-diri-a),n./>7. [NL., 
< Gr. xripAt, maimed, + oir6v6v).of, a vertebra.] 
One of the major groups into which the Rep- 
tilia (except Plevrospondylia) are divisible, 
characterized by the presence of double tuber- 
cles instead of transverse processes on the dor- 
sal vertebrae, and the paddle-like structure of 
the limbs. The group is coextensive with the fossil or- 
der Ichthyosauria, and is contrasted on the one hand with 
Herpetospondylia, and on the other with Suchogpondylia. 
perospondylian (per'o-spon-dil'i-an), a. and . 
I. a. Of or pertaining to the Peroxpondylia, or 
having their characters. 
II. n. A member of the Perospondylia. 
perovskite (pe-rov'skit), n. [After Perovski of 
St. Petersburg.] A titanate of calcium, occur- 
ring in crystals of isometric form (though per- 
haps through pseudosymmetry), and having a 
yellow to black color. It Is found in the Urals, at Zer- 
matt In Switzerland, and elsewhere; it also occurs In mi- 
nute crystals in some perldotites or the serpentines formed 
from them. Also perqfslrite. 
peroxid, peroxide (per-ok'sid, -sid or -sid), n. 
[= F. peroxyde = Pg. peroxydo = It. perossido; 
as per- + oxid.] That oxid of a given base which 
contains the greatest quantity of oxygen, 
peroxidate (per-ok'si-dat), . [< peroxid + 
-ate 2 .] Same as peroxidize. 
peroxidation (per-ok-si-da'shon), . [< perox- 
idate + -ion.] The state or process of being 
oxidized to the utmost degree. 
peroxidize (per-ok'si-diz), v. ; pret. and pp. per- 
oridized,pvT.peroxidizinq. [(peroxid + -ize.] 
I. trans. To oxidize to the utmost degree. 
II. intrans. To become oxidized to the utmost 
degree; undergo peroxidation. 
perpend 1 (per-pend'), t>. t. [= It. perpendere 
(Florio), < L. perpende're, weigh carefully, pon- 
der, consider, (per, through, + pendere, weigh : 
see pendent. Cf. ponder?] To weigh in*the 
mind; consider attentively. [Obsolete or ar- 
chaic.] 
They must be consider'd, 
Ponder'd, perpended, or premeditated. 
Chapman, Revenge for Honour, L 2. 
Tliis, by the help of the observations already premised, 
and, I hope, already weighed and perpended by your rev- 
erences and worships, I shall forthwith make appear. 
Sterne, Tristram Shandy, til., Author's Pref. 
I found this Scripture also, which I would have those 
perpend who have striven to turn our Israel aside to the 
worship of strange gods. Lowell, Blglow Papers, 2d ser. , i. 
perpend 2 *, v. t. [= It. perpendere (Florio). < 
L. as if 'perpendere, hang down, < per, through, 
+ pendere, hang: see pendent.] To hang down. 
Florio. [Rare.] 
perpend 3 (per'pend), n. [Also percent, per- 
beiid (and perpender) (these forms simulating 
L. pend- in pendicle, pendent, etc.), formerly 
more prop, perpin; < OF.parpaigne,parpeigne, 
rptiigne, perpeigne, parpeine, perpin, parpin, 
parpaing, a perpend, < per,^ par, through 
(< L. per, through), + pan, side of a wall: 
see panel.] J n arch., a long stone reaching 
through the thickness of a wall so that it is 
visible on both sides, and is therefore wrought 
and smoothed at both ends. Now usually called 
bond-gtone, bonder, or through, also perpend- 
stone, pfrpent-xtone. See cut under ashler. 
Keeping the perpends, in bndncort, a phrase used with 
reference to the placing of the vertical joints over one an- 
other. Perpend wall, a wall formed! of perpends or of 
ashler stones, all of which reach from side to side. 
perpender ( per-pen'der), n. Same &sperpend3. 
perpendiclet (per-pen'di-kU. n. [< OF. per- 
pendicle, F. perpendicule = Sp. perpendicvlo = 
