personage 
person: see ywwHi.] 1. A person represented ; 
a mli- or |.:nt assumed or played; a character. 
Some persons must be found, already known in history, 
wliiiin we niiiy make the actors and personages tit this falile. 
W. Ilromne, View of Ki>ick Poesy. 
There is but one genuinely living personage in all the 
plays, and his features are those of Victor Hugo. 
Ufa I'rincfton Itec., III. 16. 
2. A person; an individual ; especially, u man 
or woman of Importance or distinction. 
In the Porch there sate 
A comely perwuutge of stature tall. 
Spenser, V. (J., II. xll. 46. 
Vou an more saucy with lords and honourable person- 
ages than the commission of your birth ami virtue gives 
you heraldry. Shalt., All's Well, ii. :(. -X*. 
At the first glance, Phojbe saw an elderly personage, in an 
old-fashioned dressing-gown of failed dama.sk, and wear- 
Ing his gray or almost white hair of an unusual length. 
II, iii-ni::i IH-. Seven Gables, vli. 
"The Theatre of all my actions is fallen," said an antique 
pminMije when his chief friend was dead. 
George KIM, Middleman*, 111. 24. 
3f. Bodily form; external appearance; person. 
In respect of theyr owne tallies and goodlye iterttonages 
al the dalles for the most part accompt vs but dwarfs. 
Ooldiiui, tr. of Cmsar, foL 62. 
The damzell well did vew his personage, 
And liked well. Spenser, F. Q., III. II. 20. 
My mother's name was Eleanor. . . . She was of proper 
personage ; of a browne complexion. Evelyn, Diary, p. 6. 
= Syn. 2. Individual, etc. Use person. 
persona grata (per-so'ua gra'ta). [L.: persona, 
person (see person) ; grata, fern, of gratus, be- 
loved, dear (see grate*).} A person who is 
acceptable; one in favor: as, an ambassador 
must be persona grata to the sovereign to whom 
he is accredited. 
personal (per'sou-al), a. and . [< ME. personal, 
< OF. personal, personel, F. personnel = Pr. Sp. 
personal = Pg. personal, pessoal = It. personate, 
\ LL. personalis, belonging to a person (as a 
term of law), < L. persona, person : see person.] 
I. a. 1. Pertaining to a person or self-con- 
scious being as distinct or distinguished from 
a thing; having personality, or the character 
of a person ; self-conscious ; belonging to men 
and women, or to superhuman intelligences, 
and not to animals or things: as, a personal 
God; the personal object of a verb. 2. Per- 
taining, relating, or peculiar to a person or self- 
conscious individual as distinct or distinguish- 
ed from others or from the community; indi- 
vidual : as, not a public but a personal matter ; 
personal interests; personal property, etc. 
Seeing Virtues are but personal, Vices only are commu- 
nicative. Hater, Chronicles, p. 107. 
We are impressed with an irresistible conviction of our 
personal identity, /'. Stewart, Philos. Essays, I. I. 1. 
In the midst of a corrupt court he had kept hl&versonal 
Integrity unsullied. Macaulay, Ifist. Eng., vii. 
The [Roman] citizen, as the AcU of the Apostles alone 
would teach us, had valuable personal privileges. 
t-'. A. t-'i;; iiinu, Amer. Lecte., p. 331. 
3. Proper or directly applicable to a specific 
person or individual, or to his character, con- 
duct, etc. ; pointed, directed, or specifically ap- 
plicable or applied, especially in a disparaging 
or offensive sense or manner, to some particu- 
lar individual (either one's self or another): 
as, a personal paragraph ; personal abuse ; per- 
miiidl remarks. 
Splenetic, personal, base, 
A wounded thing with a rancorous cry. 
Tennyson, Maud, x. 2. 
You have never seen the young lady ; you can have no 
personal feeling about her, one way or other. 
Mrs. Orailr, Young Mrs. Jardlne, vli. 
4. Relating to one's self, or one's own experi- 
ences : as, personal reminiscences. 
The Divine Comedy Is a personal narrative. Dante Is 
the eye-witness and ear-witness of that which he relates. 
Macaulaif, Milton. 
Nothing short of personal experience affords sufficient 
evidence of a supernatural occurrence. 
Folder, Shaftesbury and llutcheson, p. 121. 
5. Done, effected, or made in person, and not 
by deputy or representative : as, a personal ap- 
pearance; a personal interview; personal ser- 
vice of a summons ; personal application is ne- 
cessary. 
With great dyffyculte he pacyfyed them agayn for that 
tyme, and brought them to personal! coinmnnycaclon, and 
lastly to amyable and frendely departytiKc. 
Fabyan, Chrou., II., an. 1407. 
The daughter of the King of France . . . 
Importunes personal conference with his grace. 
Shot., L. L. L., II. 1. 32. 
6f. Present in person. 
Cut me off the heads 
of all the favourites that the absent king 
In deputation left behind him here, 
When he was personal in the Irish war. 
Shot., 1 Hen. IV., iv. 3. 88. 
4418 
7. Of or pertaining to the person or bodily 
form ; belonging to the face or figure ; corporeal: 
as, personal beauty. 
It was the fame of this herolck constancy that deter- 
mined his Hoyal Highness to desire in marriage a princess 
whose persoiutl charms . . . were now become the least 
part of her character. Addition, Freeholder, No. 21. 
8. In ;//<//., denoting or pointing to the person; 
expressing the distinctions of the tluvc pri- 
sons: us. a fii-rsnual pronoun; a pe rsonal verb. 
-Chattel personal, see chattel. - Personal action. 
In law: (a) An action that can be brought only by the 
person who 1s supposed to be injured, (b) An action for 
the recovery of money or specific chattels, (c) Any ac- 
tion other than one for the recovery of land. Personal 
acts of Parliament, statutes relating to particular PIT 
sons, such as an act authorizing a person to change hia 
naiii.-, itc. Personal assets. See assets, l. Personal 
bond, in 8MilMi a boml which acknowledges receipt of a 
sum of money, and binds the grantor, his heirs, executors, 
and successors to repay the sum at a specified time, with 
a penalty in case of failure and interest on the sum while 
the same remains unpaid. Personal diligence or exe- 
cution, in Scot* law, a process which consists of arrest- 
ment, poinding, and imprisonment. Personal equa- 
tion. See r/y/i'o. Personal estate (in lands), an es- 
tate the duration of which can be definitely determined 
or computed in time when it is created, such as an estate 
for a term of years, as contrasted with an estate for life. 
Seepersonal property. Personal Identity, the condition 
of remaining the same person or of retaining all the per- 
sonal characteristics throughout the changes of mental 
and bodily life; continuity of personality. Personal- lib- 
erty laws, In If. S. hut., during the slavery period, laws 
passed by several Northern States, in order to secure to 
persons accused of being fugitive slaves the rights of trial 
by jury and of habeas corpus, which were refused to them 
by the fugitive-slave laws. Personal medals, in mi-mit., 
medals commemorating persons, as distinguished from 
medals commemorating events. Personal pronoun, in 
irn in , one of the pronouns /, we, thou, you, he, she, it, 
they. Personal property, movables; chattels: things 
subject to the law which applies to the person, as money, 
jewels, furniture, etc., as distinguished from real estate. 
(See chattel, estate, and real.) Personal property usually 
consists of things temporary and movable, but includes all 
subjects of property not of a freehold nature, nor descen- 
dible to the heirs at law. (Kent.) Originally called per- 
sonal because the remedy for deprivation was to recover 
damages enforceable against the person of the defen- 
dant. In the law of England the distinction between real 
and personal property is very nearly the same as the distinc- 
tion between heritable and movable property in the law of 
Scotland. Personal representatives, (a) Executors 
and administrators, (b) Those who succeed to property and 
rights by virtue of a personal relation, or as deemed to rep- 
resent in law the person. Personal rights, the rights 
which pertain to the person, including the right to life, the 
right to immunity from attacks and injuries, and the right 
equally with others similarly circumstanced to control 
one'sown actions. Cooley. Personal security, the secur- 
ity afforded by the obligation of one or more natural per- 
sons, as distinguished from that secured by a pledge or 
mortgage of real or personal property. Personal ser- 
vice, (a) In the law of procedure, delivery to the person, as 
distinguished from constructive service, such as by publica- 
tion and mailing, (b) In the law of real property, such a 
servitude as has not been constituted for the advantage of 
the estate, but has been granted on another's estate, only for 
the use of a person. A ngcll. Personal supposition, the 
acceptation of a common name to denote the things which 
come under the class it signifies : thus, in the proposition 
" a man is running," the word man has a personal supposi- 
tion. Personal tithes, tithes from profits arising from 
manual occupations, trade, fisheries, etc. that is, the 
tenth part of the clear gains as distinguished from the 
proceeds of agricultural labor. Personal transaction. 
In some modern statutes as to evidence, a transaction haa 
in person, as distinguished from one had through agents 
in the absence of the person. Personal verb, in yram., 
a verb-form having a personal character, or taking a sub- 
ject; a true or finite verb-form ; not an inflnitive or par- 
ticiple. 
II. M. 1. In law, any movable thing, either 
living or dead I; a movable. 2. A short notice 
or paragraph in a newspaper referring to gome 
person or persons. 
Personales (per-so-na'lez), n. pi. [NL. (Lind- 
ley, 1836), so called from the personate corolla ; 
< L. persona, a mask: see person.} A cohort 
of eight orders of dicotyledonous gamopetalous 
plants of the series Bicarpellatse, known by the 
commonly personate or two-lipped corolla, 
the smaller rudimentary or obsolete posterior 
stamen, and the two carpels with numerous 
ovules, or with two, one placed above the other. 
It includes the extensive and mainly herbaceous Scrophu- 
It, fin. Acanthus, and Gesnera families; the broom-rapes, 
parasitic plants ; the bladderworts, aquatic ; the pedalium 
family, strong-scented herbs ; and the bignoula and colu- 
mcllia families of trees and shrubs. 
personalisation, personalise. See personali- 
:<iti<t, personalize. 
personalism (per'son-al-ism), n. [= F.person- 
Halixnn-: < personal + -ism.'] The character of 
being personal. 
personalist (per'son-al-ist), n. [< personal + 
-ist.] In journalism, a writer or editor of per- 
sonal notes, anecdotes, etc. 
As a witty and slashing political prrsonalitt, as an editor 
of his kind, ... he was considered by friend and foe as 
without an equal. The Sation, June 15, 1876, p. 332. 
personality (pf-r-so-narj-ti), .; pi. permniuli- 
tit'x(-tr/.). [< F. 
personalty 
= Sp. personaliilatl = I'fj. imrxuimliiliuli = It. 
in fKoinililii, < Ml.. i>ii:--niiiililii{ t- ).<, < I,],, /iii.-n- 
Hiilix, personal: *! /;>. Cf. /r.w/fy.] 1. 
The essential character of a person us <li*tin- 
guighed from a thing; self-consciousness; ex- 
istence as a self-conscious being; also, per- 
sonal qualities or endowments considered col- 
lectively; a person. As a philosophical term 
IH ,-*<ni<iliiil commonly impheg personal iden- 
tity. Sec iM'rxnnal. 
Now that which can contrive, which can design, must 
be a person. These capacities constitute personality, for 
they imply consciousness of thought. 
I'alry, Nat Theol., xiiil. 
All mankind place their personality In something that 
cannot be divided, or consist of parts. . . . When a man 
loses his estate, his health, his strength, he is still the 
same person, and has lost nothing of his personality, . . . 
A person Is something Indh iil>le, and Is what Leibnitz 
calls a monad. Reid, Intellectual Powers, III. 4. 
In order to become majestic, it (a procession) should lie 
viewed from some vantage-point, ... for then, by Its re- 
moteness, It melts all the petty personalities of which It 
Is made up Into one broad mass of existence. 
Hawthorne, Seven Cables, xi. 
God, before whom ever lie bare 
The abysmal depths of Personality. 
Tennyson, Palace of Art. 
The personality of God ought not ... to be conceived 
as individual, but as a total, universal personality ; and, In- 
stead of personifying the absolute, it is necessary to leant 
to conceive it as personifying itself to infinity. 
Vcitch, In trod, to Descartes's Method, p. clxxvl. 
2. A pergonal characteristic or trait. 
I now and then, when she teases me with praises which 
Hickman cannot deserve, In return fall to praising those 
qualities and personalities in Lovelace which the other 
never will have. 
Richardson, Clarissa Harlowe, II. 138. (Dames.) 
3. Limitation to particular persons or classes. 
During the latter half of that century the important step 
was made of abolishing the personality of the code, and ap- 
plying it to all persons, of whatever race, living within the 
territory. Brougham. 
4. Direct applicability or application, as of a 
remark, an allusion, etc., to a person or indi- 
vidual: as, the personality of a remark. 
Not being supported by any personality (though some 
guessed it to be directed at the character of the late Lord 
Melcombe), It [a play] was not received with those bursts 
of applause so common to his higher-seasoned entertain- 
ments. W. Cooke, Life of S. Foote, I. 75. 
5. An invidious or derogatory remark made to 
or about a person, or his character, conduct, 
appearance, etc.: as, to indulge in personalities. 
Mr. Tili.it had looked higher and higher since his gin 
had become so famous ; and in the year '29 he had, in Mr. 
Muscat's hearing, spoken of Dissenters as sneaks a per- 
sonality which could not be overlooked. 
George Eliot, Felix Holt, xxiv. 
6. Iii lav:, personal estate. In this sense usually 
personalty Personality of laws, a phrase including 
all those laws which concern the condition, state, and 
capacity of persons, as the reality of lairs denotes all those 
laws which concern property or things. An action in per- 
sonality or personalty is one brought against the right per- 
son, or the person against whom, in law, it lies. 
personalization (per* son-al-i-za'shon), M. [< 
personalize + -ation.] The attribution of per- 
sonal qualities to that which ig impersonal ; the 
act of making personal, or of regarding some- 
thing as a person ; personification. Algo spelled 
personalisa tion . 
Personalization [in nature-worship! exists at the outset ; 
and the worship Is in all cases the worship of an indwell- 
ing ghost-derived being. 
U. Spencer, Pop. ScL Mo., XXV. 458. 
personalize (per'son-al-iz), v. t.; pret. and pp. 
personalised, ppr. personalising. [= F. person- 
nalixer = Sp. personalizar = Pg. personalisar ; 
as personal + -ize.] To make personal ; endow 
with personality; personify. Warburton. Also 
spelled personalise. 
Our author adopts a simple though efficacious plan of 
comparison between the outward appearance of things 
and places in London in 1837 and 1887. He personalizes 
the two epochs, and sends them walking arm-in-arm down 
the Strand. Quarterly Ret., CXLVI. 105. 
personally (per'son-al-i). adv. [< ME. person- 
nil;/; < personal + -fy-.] 1. In a personal man- 
ner; in person; by bodily presence ; not by rep- 
resentative or substitute: as, to be personally 
present; to deliver a letter personally. 2. With 
respect to an individual ; as an individual. 
Slice [Princess Margaret] bare ... a mortal hatred to 
the house of Lancaster, and personally to the king. 
llamn, Hist Hen. VII., p. 30. 
3. As regards one's personal existence or in- 
dividuality: as, to remain personally the same 
being. 
personalty (per'son-al-ti), . [< ME. *^-.s- 
ultie, < OF. (AF.) personaltie, personalty, < ML. 
personalila(t-)s, personality, personalty: see 
personality.] In late, personal property, in clis- 
