Petromyzontidae 
each side, and well-di v.'1'.j..'.I ryes. In the young <ir larval 
eiiii.litliin the month is a Im.Kiiu.linul -lii, an. I .<ye> are 
petromyzon- 
toid (pet 'ro-nii- 
y.on'ti.i.l ). it . a nd 
II. I. n. KVlated 
to or resembling 
the Illlllpreys; 
of or pi-rtiiiiiing 
to the I'l'triiHiij- 
niiliiln; 
II. ii. A mem- 
ber of the Pe- 
a 
A B 
Prey. side ..nil Top Vies of Brain of Ammo- 
Oneltpet^ro- '*tafmtot<lii, one of the /V/rov. 
liel), M. [For- A rriinencephalon ; />. prosenccphal TI; 
merly also nfti'i- r. thataowiictpbaloni />, mtMiictplialoni 
;.Vfil' t~; > "'etenccphalon ; /', fourth ventricle; 
lift, \.lL>I. I'l'tll- ,.. , i .inn i, t.iry cerebellum; 6', iplnnl cord. 
Hill unit riant l - "If.'ttory nerves; //. optic; ///. mil- 
Hill, /mi tUl, lim<)tor . }y , )athctlc .' ^ trigetr.in.il; 
poirtrilldl, F.jll'- ri. ..l>,hi. ,-i.t; r//. facial and auditory; 
iriiiiil a Detro- ^'/ // .,8J j so i lha . r >" 1 K, Ci ' 1 anj PM"'"B-'- 
trie ; IX, hypofflossal ; I, I . 3. 3'. sensory 
i lei, so called as ud mlarioofioi ant uid n.l I.IH.II 
being discharg- " 
ed with the stock placed against the breast, < 
pelrim; jifilrim; jioit rim; V. /miti'iiif, the breast 
(cf. Sp. i>rfri<t, a girdle), < L. pcftu* (peftor-), 
breast : see /vr/onv/.] 1. A hand-fireann intro- 
duced in the sixteenth century, short*!- than 
the ordinary harquebus, but longer than the 
pistol ; a sort of large horse-pistol. It was fired 
by a match-lock, wheel-lock, or other appliance, 
according to the period in which it was used. 
He made his brave horse like a whirlwind bear him 
AIII..IIK the combatants, and in a moment 
Piseharg'd Ins pi'tronel, with such sure aim 
That, of the adverse party, from his horse 
One tumbled dead. 
Fletcher (and another), Love's Cure, L 1. 
Sa.l. II.' our Spanish barb, and bid French Paris see our 
petronel be charged ! Scott, Abbot, xxxi. 
2. In her., a pistol used as a bearing, 
petro-occipital (pet"ro-ok-sip'i-tal), a. Same 
petropharyngseus, petropharyngeus (pot-ro- 
fiir-in-je'us), .; pi. petri>iili(ii-i/ni/i-i (-5). [NL., 
< E. petro(us) + NL. pharynx, pharynx: see 
/ilniri/iiiiciis."] One of the supernumerary ele- 
vator muscles of the pharynx, sometimes pres- 
ent in man. It arises from the under surface 
of the temporal bone, and is inserted into the 
pharynx. 
Petrophila 1 (pe-trof'i-la), . [NL. (R. Brown, 
1810), so called because it always grows on 
rocks; < Gr. n-frpa, rock,+ tydtlv, love.] A large 
genus of apetalous Australian shrubs of the 
order Proteaceee and the tribe Protcee, distin- 
guished by its perfect flowers with four anthers 
sessile on the four calyx-lobes, and a filiform 
style dilated and spindle-shaped above, and by 
their growth in dense heads involucrate with 
colored bracts, becoming in fruit cones with 
persistent hardened scales, each inclosing a 
compressed nut containing a single winged or 
hairy seed. The 37 species are shrubs with scattered 
rigid and generally filiform leaves. Many are cultivated 
for their white flowers, and P. media, with yellow flowers, 
imparting a brilliant yellow to boiling water, is recom- 
mended for dyeing. 
Petrophila- (pe-trof'i-la), n. pi. [NL., neut. 
pi.: see Petrophila 1 .'] A superfainily of basom- 
matophorous pulmonate gastropods, including 
the HiiilmiHiriittfe and Gadiniidie. They have a 
patelliforra shell, and live attached to rocks, 
mostly between tide-marks. 
petrosal (pet-ro'sal), a. and n. [< L. petrosus, 
rocky (see petrous), + -a?.] I. a. I. Petrous; 
of comparatively great hardness, as of stone or 
rock: said of the petrous part of the tempo- 
ral bone. 2. Of or pertaining to the petrous 
part of the temporal bone: as, the petrosal 
nerves. Petrosal bone, (a) One of several osseous 
part* of which the temporal bone is composed near the 
period of birth in man, remaining more or less distinct 
throughout life in many animals, the other two parts lie- 
ins the siinaniozygomatic and the tympanic. Also called 
perintic bone and petromasloid bone, (b) The petrous part 
of the temporal bone. Petrosal nerve, one of five 
nerves inch pass through foramina in the petrous part 
of the temporal l>.me : the lanje deep, a branch of the ca- 
rotid plexus uniting with the lariie superficial from tin la 
eial ti. ftnin the vi.lian ; t}w small deep, a branch from the 
carotid plexus to the tympanic plexus : the smut! superfi- 
cial, the continuation of .lai-i.l.son's nerve, terininathiK in 
the otic ganglion : the external superficial, a l.nuirh unit- 
ing the geniculate ganglion of the facial with the sympa- 
thetic plexus .HI the middle meningeal artery. - Petro- 
sal sinus, <>ue of two venous sinuses lying along the su- 
perior and inferior margins of the petrous part of the 
tempi. nil hone, the superior connecting the cavern. .us 
sinus with the lateral :ts it turns down into the si-nn'M 
groove, the inferior conneetini; the cavernous sinus \\ilh 
4429 
the Internal jugular vein. Also petrotu ninia. Petrosal 
vein. Siime as prtriwit rinu*. 
II. n. Tin' pt-riotii- or petrous part of tin- 
ti-inporal In. in-. See eitts under rriiiiinfin-nil, 
/ii/niil, and /'< i xilir. 
Petroselinum (pet*ro-se-li'num), . [NL. (G. 
F. Hoffman, 1814), < L. ' petroselinum, < Gr. ire- 
Tfmai'/ivov, rock-parsley, s irer/ia, rock, + otfavav, 
parsley: see jim-xli// and celery.} A genus of 
iiinlielliferoiis plants, including the cultivated 
parsli- vain! two or three other species, now made 
a subgenus of ('itrinii. and characterized by its 
obsolete calyx-teeth, smooth ovate fruit, dis- 
sected leaves with narrow or thread-like seg- 
ments, and yellow, white, or greenish flowers. 
See /Hirxli-i/ and acne 3 . 
petrosilex (pet-ro-si'leks), n. [NL., < L. petra 
(< Gr. Trtrpa), rock, + sitex, flint.] A finely gran- 
ular or cryptocrystalline admixture of quartz 
and orthoclase ; felsite. 
petrosilicious, petrosiliceous (pet'ro-si-lish'- 
ius), a. [= F. ]x'-lri>nilici'itx; Asvetrofilex (-silic-) 
+ -ious, -eous?\ Consisting of petrosilex: as, 
petrosilicious breccias. 
petrosphenqidal (pet'ro-sfe-noi'dal), a. [= F. 
in'irimjilii'iniiiinl ; < /iftro(us) + npJtenoidal.] Per- 
taining to the petrosal bone, or the petrous part 
of the temporal, and to the sphenoid bone ; 
sphenopetrosal: as, the petrosphenoidal suture. 
Also ju'lroKjilifnoid. 
petrosquamosal (pefi-6-skwa-m6'sal),a. Same 
as petroxquantuus. 
petrosqnamous (pet-ro-skwa'mus), a. [< L. 
jii-tru (< Gr. Tfirpa), rock, + squama, scale.] 
Pertaining to the petrous and the squamosal 
parts of the temporal bone Petrosqnamous fis- 
sure. Same as jtetntayuamous suture. Petrosquamous 
sinus, a venous sinus sometimes lying in a small groove 
along the junction of the petrous and squamous pails of 
the temporal bone, and opening behind into the lateral 
sinus. Petrosquamous suture, the suture uniting the 
squamous and petrous parts of the temporal bone, visible 
in the adult as a slight groove or Assure on the cranial 
surface. Also called pelrimifitaiiHjtts fi&wre and temporal 
future. 
petrostearin, petrostearine (pet-ro-ste'a-rin), 
. [< Gr. niTpa, rock, + ariap, tallow, -f- -in 2 , 
-?ne 2 .] Mineral stearin ; ozocerite. 
petrous (pet'rus or pe'trus), a. [= F. pttreux 
(OF. pierreux, F. pierreux) = Pg. It. pctroso,<. L. 
petrosus, rocky,< petra,<. Gr. irerpa, rock, irtTpoc,, 
a stone : see pier.'] 1. Like stone in hardness ; 
stony; rocky. 2. Pertaining to the part of the 
temporal bone so called; petrosal : as, & petrous 
vein or sinus ; a petrous ganglion. Petrous gan- 
glion. See ganglion. Petrous part of the temporal 
bone, in human anat., that part which contains the In- 
ternal auditory organs : BO named from its dense structure. 
It t. .1 in.- a three-sided pyramid, with its base at the mouth 
of the extenial auditory meatua, and its apex directed 
obliquely forward and Inward, received in the notch be- 
tween the occipital and sphenoid bones. Of its three sur- 
faces, two look into the cranial cavity, the superior border 
formed by their juncture separating the middle from the 
posterior fossa. The large carotid canal perforates iU sub- 
stance, and the Eustachlan tube opens out of it near the 
apex. The petrous and mastoid parts taken together form 
the petromastoid or periotie bone. See cuts under earl, 
tympanic, and craniofacial. Petrous sinus. Same as 
petrosal sinus. 
pettah (pet'ft), n. [E. Ind.] The town or vil- 
lage which clusters round a fortress ; an ex- 
tramural suburb of a fortress. [Anglo-Indian.] 
pettiauger, . See periagua. 
pettichaps (pet'i-chaps), n. I. The garden- 
warbler, Sylvia hortensis. Willughbij. 2. Some 
pettifog 
iiitln-nli. /ii-tlirnli . in lijruli : < \n t/i/ + niiit.\ 
1. n. If. A short <-oiit or gimm-nt worn by men 
under tin- long oven-oat. 
Se that \ntllt- soti.Tayri.' hall*- d.-ne hhnrt and bri.'rhe, 
A petycvte, a duhlctt, a long coote. 
Bairn* Book (K. I). T. s. ;,, p. 17. 
2. A skirt: formerly, the skirt of a woman's 
dress or robe, frequently worn over a hoop or 
farthingale; now, an underskirt worn by women 
and children ; also, in the plural, ^kirts worn by 
very young boys. 
I bought thee petieotet of the best, 
The cloth ao fine an tine might be. 
OriurfK(Child's Ballads, IV. 241). 
Her feet beneath her petticoat 
Like little mice stole In and out. 
HueUimj, Ballad upon a Wedding. 
Their pettitoatt of linsey-woolsey were striped with a 
variety of gorgeous dyes thought must confess these 
gallant garments were rather short, scarce reaching below 
the knee. Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 172. 
Hence 3. A woman; a female. [Colloq.] 
Pettichaps ^>/t-r.J hortensis). 
similar British warbler, as the willow-warbler, 
I'lii/Iloscopus trochilus, or the chiffchaff, /'. ru- 
fus. See also cut under chiffchaff. 
Also i>cttijrlniiix. 
petticoat (pet'i-kot), it. and a. [Early mod. E. 
S:\sopettycoat, petycoat, peticotc, pety cote, < ME. 
Fearless the Petticoat contemns his Frowns ; 
The Hoop secures whatever it surrounds. 
rn'"i; Epilogue to Mrs. Mauley's Lucius. 
Disarmed defied by a petticoat. . . . What! afraid of 
a woman? W. U. Ainsworth, Rookwood, ii, 6. (Latham.) 
4. A garment worn by fishermen in warm wea- 
ther, made of oilcloth or coarse canvas, very 
wide and descending to the calf of the leg, gen- 
erally with an insertion for each leg, but some- 
times like a woman's petticoat, with no inter- 
secting seam, and worn over the common dress. 
5. lii archery, the ground of a target, beyond 
the white. Also called spoon. Encyc. Brit., 
n. 378. 6. The depending skirt or inverted 
cup-shaped part of an insulator for supporting 
telegraph-lines, the function of which is to pro- 
tect the stem from rain. Balmoral petticoat. 
See balmoral. 
II. a. Of or pertaining to petticoats; femi- 
nine; female: as, petticoat influence. [Hu- 
morous.] petticoat government, female govern- 
ment, either political or domestic ; female home rule, 
petticoat-affair (pet'i-kdt-a-far 1 '), n. An affair 
of gallantry; a matter in which a woman is 
concerned. [Colloq.] 
Venus may know more than both of us, 
For 'tis some petticoat affair. 
Dryden, Amphitryon, i. 1. 
petticoat-breeches (i>et'i-kdt-brich''ez), n. pi. 
Breeches of the kind worn about the middle 
of the seventeenth 
century, in which 
each thigh was cov- 
ered by a loose cylin- 
der of cloth, usually 
not gathered at the 
bottom the two re- 
sembling two small 
skirts or petticoats 
placed side by side. 
Also petticoat-trou- 
sers. 
In their puffings and 
slashings the sleeves of 
the dresses of both sexes 
were alike; nor was al- 
most a corresponding re- 
semblance wanting be- 
tween the trunk-hose and 
the petticoat-breeches of 
one sex and the skirts of 
the kirtles and gowns and 
the veritable petticoats 
... of the other sex. 
Encyc. Brit., VI. 472. 
petticoated (pet'i-ko-ted), a. 
-ed%.] Wearing petticoats. 
" Here, dame," he said, " Is a letter from your petticoated 
baron, the lord-priest yonder." Scott, Monastery, xlv. 
petticoat-pensioner (pet'i-kot-pen'shon-er), n. 
A person who is kept by a woman for secret 
services or intrigues. Halliwell. 
petticoat-pipe (pet'i-kot-pip), n. A pipe in 
the smoke-box of a locomotive, haying a bell- 
mouthed lower extremity into which the ex- 
haust-steam enters, the upper end extending 
into the lower part of the smoke-stack. It serves 
to strengthen and equalize the draft through 
the boiler-tubes. 
Most of our engines are still run with a diamond stack 
and short smoke-box, with the petticoat-pipe for leading 
the steam into the stack. Set. Amer., N. S., LIX. 369. 
petticoat-trousers (pet'i-kot-trou'zerz), n. pi. 
Same as petticoat-breeches. 
pettifog (pet'i-fog), v. i.; pret. and pp. petti- 
fogged, ppr. pettifogging. [A back formation, 
< pettifogger. Cf. /<7 8 .] To play the pettifog- 
ger; do small business as a lawyer. Sutler. 
1^ 
Petticoat-breeches. 
[< petticoat + 
