Peutingerian 
linger, of Augsburg ( 1 Iti.'i- 1.")47) : noting a table 
of the military mails of tin- ancient Roman em- 
pire, written on parchment, which was found 
4431 
lapwing, MIKi. i/iliit-i', <jibH;, ijilii:, G. kibitz, a 
pewit, plover; RUSH. chibi-zu, lapwing; all imita- 
tive names.] A name of various birds, (a) The 
at Worms. The table is supposed to have been pewit-gull, laughing gull, or mire-crow, Chroieoeephalwi 
constructed about A. I>. L'L'li. ridifri<m/w,,,f Ijnope. Msaptut. Plot.ieae. (6) The Up- pexityt ( pi-k'si-ti), n. 
ph 
Sixty or seventy yean since tlie fences wero stronger, 
the enclosures smaller, the country more pewy, and the 
hedge* rougher ami hairier than Is now the caw. 
Daily Telegraph, l).-c. 11, ./,-. Diet.) 
pew 1 (pii), . 
. i>uwn, put, < OF. 
/>/, /"I//, /'/, /"'ii. MI., an elevated place or seat, 
a hill, mound, = I'r. jiimi, /mri/ = Sp. /'//" a 
bench, = It. /iiii/i/in, an elevated place, a seat, 
prop, etc.; OF. ]m//r, (., an elevated gallery 
or balcony with rails; < L.JHxUttJM, a balcony, 
esp. a front balcony in au amphitheater where 
distinguished persons sat; prob. < Gr. itbfiav, a 
little foot (whence appar. in Italic Gr. the sense 
given to the L. word), dim. of naif (jrcd-) = E. 
foot.] If. A more or less elevated inclosure, 
used by lawyers, money-lenders, cashiers, etc. ; 
an inclosed seat or bench of any sort, espe- 
cially such as were used by persons having a 
stand for business in a public or otherwise open 
and exposed place. 
To this brave man the knight repairs 
For counsel In his law-affairs ; 
And found him mounted In Ms pew, 
With books and money plac'd for shew. 
S. Butler, Hudibrag, III. lit 623. 
2. An inclosed seat or open bench in a church, 
designed to accommodate several people; also, 
an inclosure containing several seats. In Eng- 
land pews were used from the time of the Reformation 
or earlier, but their general employment dates from the 
seventeenth century. Previously the worshipers stood 
during service, or were seated on the floor or upon small 
stools. 
Among wyues and wodewes ich am ywoned [accustomed 
to | Kit tr 
Ypairoked (inclosed] inpumt. 
Fieri Plowman (C), vii. 144. 
He hyrod a desperate knaue to laye stones of great 
wayghte vpon the roufe beames of the temple ryght ouer 
his prayenge pewe, and to lete them fall vpon hym to hys 
vtter destruccyon. Bp. Bale, English Votaries, ii. 
His sheep ofttimes sit the while to as little purpose of 
beneflttiug as the sheep in their pew* at Smithfleld. 
Milton, Touching Hirelings. 
There were large, square pews, lined with green baize, 
with the names of the families of the most flourishing 
ship-owners painted white on the doors. 
Mrs. Gasketl, Sylvia's Lovers, vl. 
wing, \'iijitlliui crutatut. Alto peateweep, peweep, piewipe. 
See cut under lapiriny. (c) In the I nited States, a small 
olivaceous flycatcher of the family Tyrannida, Sayornit 
Pewit Flycatcher (Sayornis fuscits or fkabe). 
[< L. ptxita(t-)*, thick- 
ness, < IM-JCUS, woolly, prop. pp. of pectere, comb, 
card: see pecten."] The nap of cloth. Coles, 
1717. 
Peyerian (pi'er-i-an), a. [< Peyer (seedef.) + 
-/.] Discovered or described by and named 
after the Swiss anatomist Johaun K. Peyer 
(1053-171-): specifically noting the agminate 
or clustered glands of the intestine, also called 
Peyer 1 !! gland* and Peyer 1 * /mtcln:-: See (/limil. 
peynet, and r. A Middle English form of 
jxtfol. 
peyntt, peynturet. Obsolete forms of paint, 
/Hllli/lll'i: 
peyset, <' and n. Same as poise. 
peytrelt,". Same as poitni. 
Peziza (pe-zi'zH), . [NL. (Dilleniug, 1719) ; cf. 
L. MffaM orpczitse, mushrooms without a stalk ; 
< Gr. jrtfif, also fffCif, a mushroom without a 
stalk, perhaps < vfl^a, a foot.] 1. A large, wide- 
ly distributed genus of discomycetous fungi, 
giving name to the order Pezizee. They are char- 
acterized by their cup-like form and are frequently very 
brilliantly colored. The cups are affixed by the center, 
often stlpitate ; the bymenium is smooth ; the substance Is 
fleshy-memhranaceous. They grow on the ground, on de- 
caying wood, etc. They are popularly called blond-cupg, 
fairy-cups, flaps, bird'i-tuttt, cup-funyws, etc. See green- 
rot, and cuts under cupule and ascus. 
2. [/. c.] A fungus of this genus. 
3f. A box in a theater or opera-house. 
The play . . . was "The Five Hours' Adventure": but Pew-rent (pu'rent), n. 
I sat so far I could not hear well, ... but my wife ... *or the use of a pew. 
or 5. phaebe, and others of this genus, as Say's pewit, 
S. mifug, anu the black pewit, S. niyricans. The common 
pewit abounds in eastern North America; It winters In 
the Southern States, and is one of the very earliest in- 
sectivorous birds to migrate northward in spring. It is 
7 Inches long and II [ In extent of wings, of a dusky oliva- 
ceous color above, and dingy whitish or grayish below, Pazizg> (ne-Ti'yfi) n nl r&T, nl of Pe?i?n ^ 
withapale-yellowtlutontheabdomen. It affixes a mossy r f zlza vP? ' ), P'- N^-iPl-Ot reziza.\ 
nest to the sides of rocks, bridges, rafters, etc., and lays * order of discomycetous fungi, typified by the 
about five eggs, normally white and spotless. Also called genus Peziza. The receptacle is concave, plane, or con- 
water-pewit and phaebe-bird or phaebe. Pewit-gull. See vex, sessile or stlpitate, fleshy or waxy ; the hyiueniuiu is 
def. (a) and gulp!. Scoulton pewit or pie, the black- on the upper surface ; the ascl are fixed, cylindrical, or 
headed gull, Chro'icoctphalus ridibundta: so called from clavate ; and the sporidia are usually eight in number 
Scoulton mere In Norfolk, England, a favorite breeding- pezizoid (pez'i-zoid), a. [< Peziza + -otU] Re- 
pewrt-poolt (pe'wit-pol), n. A pool or pond !?, mb " n / P - e a; "^ing the characters of /V 
where pewits (pewit-gulls) come to breed. ^ j ^ o]d form 
They anciently came to the old pewit-pool. 
Plot, Nat Hist. Staffordshire (1686), p. 231. The Author falls pezle mezle upon the king himself. 
A'orth, Examen, p. 53. (Ante) 
pew-opener (pu'op'ner), n. An attendant in p.^,,,,.. , ,- , ' 
a church who opens the pew-doors for the con- PezophAps (jjez o-faps), n. [NL., < Gr. - 
gregation. 
Bent required or paid 
-- - * I -- f *-*L i . 
on foot, walking, + <t>6i(i, a wild pigeon.] A 
' whic . formerl Y 
sat in my Lady fox's pew with her. Pepys, Diary, IV. 103. pewter (pu'ter), n. [< ME. pewter, pewtir, pew- 
4. pi. The occupants of the pews in a church ; 
the congregation. [Kare.] 
The pews hasten out on Monday morning to pocket the 
profits of Sunday business and Sunday revelry. 
Pop. Sei. Mo., XXX. 17. 
pew 1 (pu), v. t. [< pewl, .] To furnish with 
pews. 
In 1866 the north aisle [of Oalna church) was rebuilt, 
widened, raised, and pewed anew. 
Bainei, Hist. Lancashire, II. 27. 
pew 2 (pu), n. [Prob. a var. of pay, and ult. 
f i'om tne same source as pew 1 : see pay.] A 
sharp-pointed, one-pronged, straight or hooked 
iron instrument with a wooden handle, used in 
handling fish, blubber, etc., on wharves or in 
boats. 
pew :i , v. See pne. 
pew-chair (pu'char), n. Ahinged seat attached 
to the end of a church pew, to afford accom- 
modation in the aisle when additional seats 
are required. [U. S.] 
pewee (pe'we), n. [Imitative.] A small oli- 
vaceous flycatcher of the family Tyrannidse. and 
genus Con toplis. C. vireia is the common wood-pewee 
of most parts of the United States and British America. 
It has a peculiarly drawling two-syllabled note, expressed 
by its name, quite different from the abrupt note of its 
relative called the pewit or phosbe. See cut under Conta- 
pus. 
peweep (pe'wep), n. [Imitative.] 
IH II' it (b). 
pewet (pe'wet), . Same as pewit. 
pewfellowt (pu'fel'o), . One who sits in the 
same pew ; hence, a companion. 
How do I thank thee, that this carnal cur 
Preys on the issue of his mother's body, 
And makes her pew-fellow with others moan ' 
Skat., Rich. III., iv. 4. 68. 
= D. peauter, piauter, < OF. pevtre,peautre, 
piautre, F. peautre = Sp. Pg. peltre = It. peltro 
(ML. peutrum, pesirum, after OP.), pewter; 
appar. the same, with loss of initial s due to 
in 1691-3 by Le'guat, who gave a figure and de- 
scription or the species under the name of the 
solitaire. His account has been confirmed by the dis- 
covery of the bones of the bird in great abundance, and 
nearly complete skeletons are preserved. The species Is 
named P. sulitarius, and has been called Didus luuaremu. 
some confusion, as OF. espeautre (> D. speauter, pf. In music, an abbreviation of pianoforte, 
spiauter = G. spiauter), < LG. spialter = E. spel- pfaffian (pfaf'i-an), n. [Named by Cayley i 
ter: see spelter.'] 1. An alloy of four parts of 
tin with one of lead. Its tenacity and fusibility are 
greater than those of either of the metals of which it 
Is composed. It Is used chiefly for beer-pots and cheap 
tableware. If a larger proportion of lead is used, the alloy 
is liable to corrosion, ana dangerous consequences may 
result from its use. Sometimes alloys consisting chiefly 
of tin, and also containing antimony or copper, or both, 
are called pewter as well as " Britannia metal," which lat- 
ter is the more usual name, although no sharp Hue can be 
drawn between the two alloys. 
Pewter dishes with water in them. Bacon. 
1852 after the author of Pfafs equation, q. v.] 
In math., the coefficient of the product of the 
alternate units in the jith power of a linear 
function of the binary products of 2n alternate 
units. In effect, the pfaffian (ABCD) Is (AB) (CD) + (AC) 
(DB) + (AD) (BCX the pfafficm (ABCDEF) Is (AB) (CDEF) 
+ (AC) (DEFB) + (AD) (EKBC) -4- (AE) (FBCD) + (AF) 
(BODE), and so forth. Mixed pfaffians, expressions sim- 
ilar to pfaffians, produced by taking the products of differ- 
ent linear functions, Instead of a power of one. The order 
of a pfaffian, half the number of alternate units used In 
generating the pfafnan. 
2. A vessel made of pewter ; a tankard ; a beer- Pfaffs equation. [Named after Johann Fried- 
pot. 3. Collectively, vessels made of pewter, rich Pfaff (1765-1825), who invented it.] The 
differential equation Xjdxj + X-jdig + etc. = 0, 
Valance of Venice gold in needlework, 
Pewter and brass and all things that belong 
To house or housekeeping. 
Shot., 1. of the S., II. 1. 357. pf a ff-g nroblem 
Rows of resplendent pewter, ranged on a long dresser, t h A i , \ 
/m'n^Sketch-Book, p. 420. 
where the number of terms is equal to the num- 
ber of variables. 
The problem to transform 
Jdxi + Xififz + etc., where 
the variables are independent, into an expres- 
sjon of the same form but of the smallest pos- 
sible number of terms. 
pfahlbauten (pfal-bou'ten), n.pl. [G., <pfahl, 
i, < batten, 
ile (see pak l )j + battten, dwellings, 
dazzled bis eyes. 
4. Money ; prize-money. [Sailors' slang.] 
Another trifle to be noticed Is the anxiety for pewter or 
prize money which . . . animated our officers and men. 
The Academy, March 24, 1888, p. 202. 
Same as pewterer (pu'ter-er), A worker in pewter; a bSid^^^i,.] ""^hT^meg^n by"^! 
maker of pewter vessels. mau archaeologists to prehistoric lake-dwell- 
The motion of a ptwterer's hammer. ings, or pile-dwellings; palafittes. See lake- 
Shak., 2 Hen. IV., 111. 2. 281. dwelling. 
pewter-mill (pu'ter-mil), n. A lapidary wheel pfennig, pfenning (pfen'ig, -ing), n. [G., = 
used with rotten-stone and water for polishing E. penny.] A 
stones of the approximate hardness of 7, em- small copper 
bracing the quartz group quartz, amethyst, coin, the one- 
agate, and carneliau. hundredth 
lewterwort (pu'ter-wfert), n. The scouring- partofamark. 
rush, Eiiiiixctinn Jiyemale: so called as being It is equal in 
used for scouring dishes of pewter or other value to about 
metal. one fourth of a 
One who rents or pewtery (pu'ter-i), o. [< pewter + -yl.] Be- United States 
cent. 
Mistress Wafer, and Mistress I.euterhook, being both 
my scholars, and your honest pew-feUmct. pewterWOrt (pu'ter-wert), n. 
Dekker and Webster, Westward Ho, ii. 1. >- m_i if_ 
pew-gaff (pu'gaf ), n. A hook attached to a rod 
or staff, used in handling fish. 
pewholder (pu'hol'der), H. C 
Obverse. Reverse. 
Pfen nigof Frederick William m.. King of Prus- 
sia. British Museum. (Sbte of the original.) 
owns a pew in a church. "longing to, resembling^ or characte"ristic of 
pewing (pu'ing), . [< pewi + -iwj/i.] Pews pewter: as, a pewtery taste. Pg. An abbreviation used in the etymologies 
pewy (pu'i), a. [< pewl + -!.] Inclosed by of this work for Portuguese. 
pewit, peewit (pe wit), . [Also pewet, puit, fences ; fenced in so as to form small fields. 
port : <{. 1). /tiewit, also kiewit, Merit, a pewit, [Sporting slang.] 
ph. flu ME. ph or /, AS. /, rarely ph = D. ph, 
/= G. ph = Dan. Sw. Icel./= F. ph = Sp./ 
