philanthropistic 
philanthropistic (fl-lan-thrf-pis'tik), a. [< 
UlairthToist + -<<.] BeUiung to or chsrao- 
l pliiliinthroiiistH. [Hare.] 
Over the wild-surging chaos in the leaden air are only 
sudden glares of r. -\uln I iunarv lightning ; then mere dark- 
ness with iiltiliiittliriii/utie phosph'iresn nr. s, empty mete- 
oric lights. Cartyle, Sterling, v. (Daoiejt.) 
philanthropy (li-lan'thro-pi), M. [Formerly 
philanthropic: < F. philanthropies Bp.JUantro- 
i>iu = I'g. pMlantropia = It. jUantropia. < I.L. 
l>ltiltiiithr<>i>itt, < ( ) r. <j>t?avOpuiria, humanity, be- 
nevolence, generosity, < ^/Uify>6Krof, loving 
inankinil, humane, benevolent, liberal, < $i'/*ii; 
love, 4- uvOpujrof, man.] Love of mankind, es- 
pecially as evinced in deeds of practical benefi- 
cence and endeavors for the good of one's fel- 
lows. 
They thought themselves not much concerned to ac- 
quire that (iod-like excellency, a philanthropy and love to 
all mankind. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), III. i. 
= Syn. Philanthropy, Charity. Originally these words were 
the same, meaning the love of fellow-man, a sense which 
philaiitttriip/i retains, but charity (exeept in Biblical lan- 
guage; see 1 Cor. xiii., authorized version) has lost. Each 
expresses both spirit and action ; but phUttittliriipn r;m- 
not be applied to a eonerete act, wnflsjMortfy may ; hence 
we speak of a charity, but not of a philanthropy ; on the 
other hand, as a spirit, philanthropy looks upon human wel - 
fare as a thing to be promoted, especially by preventing 
or mitigating actual suffering, while charity, outside of 
Biblical usage, is simply disposed to take as favorable a 
view as possible of the character, conduct, motives, or the 
like, of a fellow-man. As activity, charity helps men in- 
dividually; philanthropy helps the individual as a member 
of the race, or provides for large numbers. Philanthropy 
agitates for prison-reform and the provision of occupation 
for released convicts; charity gives a released convict such 
personal help as he needs. 
Philanthus (fi-lan'thus), . [NL. (Fabricius, 
179li), < Gr. tjn'AaMtf, loving flowers (cf. 4>//tavft>f, 
a man's name), < (ptfaiv, 
love, 4 <n*0of, flower.] 1. 
In i n inn,'., a notable ge- 
nus of digger-wasps, typ- 
ical of the family Phiian- 
tliidfe, having the third 
submarginal cell narrow 
pMtanihi.sTxntnabrii, an d the antennae insert- 
ed in the middle of the 
face, not far above the clypeus. There are 24 Ameri- 
can and 5 European species. The British P. apicona 
preys especially upon the hive-bee. 
2. Ill ornith., a genus of ineliphagme birds. 
Also called Manorrhina. Lesson, 1831. 
philantomba (lil-an-tom'ba), n. [NL.; sup- 
posed to be a native name.] An African ante- 
lope of the genus Cepluiloplnis, as C. maxwelli. 
philargUTOUSt, a. [<philargur-y + -OHS.] Mon- 
ey-loving; avaricious. Sir B. L' Estrange. 
phllarguryt (fi-lar'gu-ri), . [Properly philar- 
gyry;M.L. *philargyria, pltilargiria, < Gr. $i>Mp- 
yvpia, love of money, covetousness (the word 
used in 1 Tim. vi. 10), \ ^/tdnjiioof, loving money, 
{ Qtfatv, love, 4 apyvpw;, silver, money : see argy- 
rism, argent.] Love of money; avarice, 
philatelic (fll-a-tel'ik), a. [< philatel-y 4 -ic.] 
Of or relating to philately, 
philatelist (fi-lafe-list), n. [< philatel-y + -fs.] 
A collector of postage-stamps and revenue- 
stamps as objects of curiosity or interest, 
philately (fi-lat'e-li), n. [< F. phUutilie, in- 
tended to mean 'the love of the study of all 
that concerns prepayment,' i. e. of stamps, ab- 
surdly formed (by M. Herpin, a stamp-collector, 
"Le Collectionneur,"in 1865) < Gr. 
Pitta.] The typii-itl genus of l'ltil>intli<Ue, con- 
tuiniiiK two .\iii(lii^a.scan species, /'. raxininn 
and /'. xclili-iji'li. The systematic |xiitl<in o/ the genus 
halH:en muehi|Uextl -il. it having been classed with the 
I'ilii'l.'i or Old Worlii ant thrushes, the birds of paradise, 
and the \rriitriiiii'l;i(ir h<>n''y-.suckers. The genus IB also 
called Ilritxiiftiii. tlii'ttlinirtuii, and /'ilicte*. 
Philepittidae (lil-e-pit'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < Phi- 
li-/iitta + -idee.] A family of mesomyodian pas- 
sfrinc liinls peculiar to \Iadagasc-ar, tyiiifiedby 
the genus I'liilemttil. The syrinx is bronehotracheal, 
with a peculiar modification of thebn>nchial half. rings and 
fltmpoadlM expansion of the muscular inseilions. The 
Uin^ue is penieiliate, the tarsi are taxaspidean, the wiiiK- 
nn n N are long, the tail Is short, and the male has a car- 
inn le over the eye. 
Philesia(ii-lo / si-ii), . [NL. (Commerson, 1789), 
< (Jr. <t>i/.qai<;, affection, < Qifaiv, love.] A genus 
of liliaceous plants of the tribe Luzuriagex, dis- 
tinguished by its one-nerved leaves and sepals 
shorter than the petals. The only species, P. tnud- 
folia, is the pepino, a smooth branching shrub from south- 
ern Chili and the straits of Magellan, bearing rigid al- 
ternate oblong leaves and showy drooping rose-red and 
waxy Mowers, large and bell-shaped. Their contrast with 
the evergreen leaves makes it one of the handsomest of 
antarctic plants. It Is also remarkable for its structureof 
bark, wood, and pith, similar to that of exogenous stems. 
Philetaerus (nl-e-te'rus), n. [NL. (orig. J'lnlr- 
tairus, Sir Andrew Smith, 1837), < Gr. a/Mlv, 
love, + tralpof, a companion : see hetxra.] A 
genus of sociable weaver-birds of the family 
/ 
Social Weaver-bird (Ptiiletmrus soft'tis), with its hive-nest. 
loving (prop. tfa'Jieiv, love), + ore/lifa, free of tax 
or charge (taken in the sense of 'prepaid'), < 
a- priv. + re/lor, tax, duty.] The fancy for col- 
lecting and classifying postage-stamps and 
revenue-stamps as objects of curiosity; also, 
the occupation of making such collections. 
philautyt (fil'a-ti), . [Also philautie; < F. 
liliilaiilif = Sp. filaucia = Pg. philaucia = It. 
Jilauzia, < Gr. ^Aawm, self-love, < ^i>Mmm\ lov- 
ing oneself, < Qileiv, love, + avr6f, self.] Love 
of self; selfishness. 
Then Pliilntily and Tride shall stretch her Soul 
With swelling poison, making her disdain 
Heav'ns narrow gate. J. Beaumont, Psyche, L 38. 
philazert, . A bad spelling otfilacer. 
philenor (ti-le'uor), . [NL., < Gr. <t>i).t/i>op, <t>i- 
tarup, loving one's husband, < Od.elv, love, + 
avr/p, man, husband. Cf. philander.] A butter- 
fly, Pni>ili'i iiliili'iiiir, one of the handsomest of 
the North American swallowtails. Theforewings 
are black with greenish metallic reflections; the hind are 
brilliant steel-blue with jtreeiiih fetleetions ; the larva is 
velvety-blnck, covered with mnK blaek fleshy tubercles 
and shorter orange ones. It feeds upon plants of tile genus 
Arixtolttchia, and is somewhat gregarious in early life. See 
cuts under 1'apilin and I'apilionidse. 
Philepitta (nl-e-pit'6), H. [NL. (Isidore Geof- 
I'roy St. Ililaire, 18IJ8), < Gr. Qitelv, love, + NL. 
Ploceidee, having as type P. socius of South 
Africa, the well-known social weaver, which 
builds its enormous umbrella-like nest in com- 
mon with its fellows. See cut under hive^nest. 
philharmonic (nl-har-mon'ik), a. [= F. phil- 
harmoniqite = Sp. filar nionico = Pg. philarmoni- 
co = It. filarmonico, < Gr. as if *(j>ttopfioviK6f, < 
tidflv, love, + apfiovia, harmony: see harmony.] 
Loving harmony; fond of music : music-loving. 
Philhellene (fil-hel'en), . [< P. philhellene = 
It. filelleno, < Gr. SiHlJuiv, < (fa^eiv, love, + "E?.- 
Afv, a Greek, pi. 'FMqves, Greeks: see Hellene.} 
A friend of Greece; a foreigner who supports 
the cause and interests of the Hellenes; par- 
ticularly, one who favored, supported, or actu- 
ally assisted the modern Greeks in their suc- 
cessful struggle with the Turks for indepen- 
dence. 
Philhellenic (fil-he-len'ik), a. [As PMhellene 
+ -ic, after Hellenic.} Of or pertaining to Phil- 
hellenes; loving the Greeks. 
Philhellenism (fll-hel'eu-izm), n. [As Philhel- 
lene + -ism, after Hellenism.] Love of Greece ; 
the principles of the Philhellenes. 
Philhellenist (fil-hel'eu-ist), n. [As PMihellene 
+ -i,vt, after Hellenist.] Same as PMihellene. 
Philhydrus (fil-lu'drus), . [NL. (Solier, 1834), 
< Gr. i>i/.v6i>o(, loving water, < ptfeiv, love, 4- Map 
( i'Sp-), water.] In entom., a large genus of water- 
beetles of the family Hydropltilidx^ widely dis- 
tributed and comprising species which have the 
last joint of the maxillary palpi shorter than the 
third. Also Philydrus and Helophilus. 
philiater (li-li'a-ter), H. [< Gr. ^iarpof, a 
friend of the art of medicine, < fytfaiv, love, + 
iorpof, a mediciner, physician: seeiafric.] An 
amateur student of medicine. 
philibeg, philigreet. Bad spellings of filibeg, 
tilii/ree. 
Philidor's defense. In cltess-playing. See open- 
in;/. !). 
philip (fil'ip), n. [Also contr. phip ; a partic- 
ular use of the proper name Philip (cf. ''Philip 
Sparrow," the name of a poem of Skelton). The 
name Philip is < P. Philippe = Sp. Filipo = Pg. 
r/iilil>i>< t It. Filipim, < L. PhilippiiH. < Ur. *<- 
philippize 
'ti--nf, lit. loving horses, (fyi'Mlv, love, + 'mnn$, 
horse.] 1. The common European house-spur 
row, Passer iln/m. itirmi. 2. The hedge-sparrow, 
Ai'i-i iitnr mmliiliiHx. [I'rov. Kng.] 
S\ hen I'hilip lyst tu go to bed, 
It In a heaven to heare my I'hlppe, 
How she can ebirpe with chcry lip. 
UaKoiijne, Praise- of Philip .Sparrow. (Xiim.) 
Philip and Cheineyt. [Also /'/ii/// / ''/,/- 
H ry (I In -mil-, I'lirtnnr, Clii-iii/); from the proper 
names Philip and Cheiny, used like Tom, l> I , 
iiinl Harry. The name Cheiny, (-'heyney. sur- 
vives in the surnames Cheney, C'lu-yne.] 1. 
"Tom, Dick, and Harry"; any one and every 
one. 
It wai not his entent to bryng unto Sylla philip and 
cheinie, mo than a good niclny, but to bryng hable soul- 
dioure of manhoud approued and well tried to hli handei. 
I'llull, tr. of Apophthegms of Erasmus, p. 311. (Dama.) 
Loiterers I kept so meanie, 
Both Phiiip, Bob, and Cheanie. 
Tuaer, p. 8. (Davit*.) 
2. Some stuff, apparently coarse orcommon, the 
exact character of which is uncertain. [In this 
use hyphened as one word.] 
Twill put a lady scarce In Philip-anil-rhtynry, 
With three small bugle-laces, like a chamber maid. 
Beau, and Ft., Wit at Several Weapons, ii. 1. 
No cloth of silver, gold, or tissue here ; 
Philip-and-Cheiny never would appear 
Within our bounds. 
John Taylor, Praise of Hempseed. 
Philipist, n. See Philippist. 
Philippian (fi-lip'i-an), a. and n. [< L. Philip- 
pianus, Philippian) < Philippi, < Gr. 4>i'A/jnro(, 
a city of ancient Macedonia, the seat of an 
early Christian church, to which Paul addressed 
his Epistle to the Philippians Epistle to the 
Philippians, a letter addressed by the apostle 1'anl to the 
churcn in Philippi, In which he alludes to the close per- 
sonal relations existing between himself and the mem- 
bers of that church, encourages them to remain In unity, 
and warns them against various dangers. 
Philippic (fi-lip'ik), H. [= V.philippique = Sp. 
filiptca = Pg. philippica = It. Juippica, < L. 
philippiea, sc. oratio, in plural philippicae orati- 
ones (also absolutely philippica, ueut. pi.), fern, 
of Philippicus, < Gr. *(/U?nr6f, pertaining to 
Philip,< *('?jjnrof, Philip: see philip.] 1. One of 
a series of orations delivered, in tne fourth cen- 
tury B. c., by the Athenian orator Demosthenes, 
against Philip, king of Macedon, the father of 
Alexander the Great, in which the orator pro- 
claims the imminent jeopardy of Athenian lib- 
erty, and seeks to arouse his fellow-citizens to 
a sense of their danger and to stimulate them 
to timely action against the growing power of 
Macedou. Hence 2. [/. c.] Any discourse or 
declamation full of acrimonious invective. The 
orations of Cicero against Mark Antony are 
called philippics. 
In a tone which may remind one of the similar philippic 
by his contemporary Dante against his fair country women 
of Florence. PretcoU, Ferd. and Isa., i. 8, note 31. 
Philippic era. See era. 
Philippin (fil'ip-in). . [< Philip (see def.) + 
-in 1 .] A member of a small Russian denomina- 
tion, chiefly in Lithuania. It was founded by Philip 
Pustoviat, about 1700 ; its members have no regular priests, 
and refuse military service and oaths. 
Philippine (fU'i-pen), . Same as philopena. 
Philippism (fil'ip-izm), n. [< Phihp (see def.) 
+ -ism.] The doctrines attributed to Philip 
Melanchthon by his pupils and followers. 
Philippist (fil'ip-ist), H. [< Philip (see def.) 
+ -wttrj A pupil or follower of Philip Melanch- 
thon, a German theologian (1497-1560). Also 
spelled Philipist. 
philippize (fil'ip-iz), . ; pret. and pp. pliilip- 
mzed, ppr. phitipjrieing. [= P. phtlippiser, < 
Gr. ttaZtiririfrtv, be on Philip's side, < Qikinrof, 
Philip: see Philippic. In defs. I., 2, and H., < 
philipp-ie + -ize.] I. intrans. I. To side with 
Philip of Macedon; support or advocate the 
cause of Philip. 
Its prestige [that of the oracle of Delphi] naturally van- 
ished with the downfall of Greek liberty, after It began, 
as Demosthenes expressed it, to phUipput, or to yield its 
authority to corrupt inducements. 
O. P. Piiher, Begin, of Christianity, p. 103. 
2. To write or utter a philippic or invective ; 
declaim. See Philippic. 
With the best intentions In the world he naturally phil- 
ippics, and chaunts his prophetic song In exact unison 
with their designs. Burke, Rev. in France. 
II. trans. To attack in a philippic; inveigh 
against. 
