phlegmonous 
phlegmonous (fleg'mo-nus), . 
[< 
4- -0.<.] Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of 
phlegmon : as, phlegmonous inflammation. 
phlegmy (flem'i), a. Pertaining to, contain- 
ing, or resembling phlegm. 
A phle.ymy humour in the Inxly. Chambers's Cyc. 
phlemet, An obsolete form of. ftrii ml . 
Phleum (fle'um), re. [NL. (Linnams, 1737), < 
Gr. <j>'Aeuc, also <fAeoi;, faovc, some water-plant, 
according to Sprengel Artmdo Ampelodesmon. .] 
A genus of grasses of the tribe Agroxttdex, type 
of the subtribe Phleoidese, and characterized by 
the dense cylindrical or ovoid spike, with the 
empty glumes wingless, mucronate, or short- 
awned, and much longer than the flowering one. 
There are about 10 species, natives of Europe, central and 
northern Asia, northern Africa, and northern and antarc- 
tic America. They are erect annual or perennial grasses, 
with flat leaves, and the flowers usually conspicuously 
hairy, with a purplish cast in blossom from the color of 
the abundant anthers, which are large and exserted. (See 
timothy, also cat's-tail grass (under cat's-tail) and /terd's- 
yrass, names for the most valuable species, in common 
use in the eastern United States.) P. alpiimm, the moun- 
tain cat's-tail grass, is also an excellent meadow-grass for 
colder regions. 
phlobaphenes (flo-baf'e-nez), . pi. Brown 
amorphous coloring matters which are present 
in the walls of the bark-cells of trees and 
shrubs. 
phloem (flo'em), n. [(Nageli, 1858), irreg. < Gr. 
0/*if, bark. Ci.phlosmn.] In bot., the bast or 
liber portion of a vascular bundle, or the region 
of a vascular bundle or axis with secondary 
thickening which contains sieve-tubes. Com- 
pare xi/Jem. 
phloem-sheath (flo'em-sheth), n. In bot., the 
sheath of phloem-tissue sometimes formed 
about the xylem part in a vascular bundle, as 
in certain ferns. 
PhloBOcharina, Phloeocharini (fle"o-ka-ri'ua, 
-ni), u. pi. [NL., < PhlcBOcharis + -ina 2 , -ini"] 
A group of coleopterous insects named from the 
genus Phleeocharis, and forming a small tribe of 
the rove-beetle family, Staphylinidse, compris- 
ing species of slender, depressed form. Only 
four genera are known, of which two inhabit 
the United States. 
Phlceocharis (fle-ok'a-ris), n. [NL. (Manner- 
heim, 1830), < Gr. ijAoio^, bark, + xaipttv, rejoice.] 
A genus of rove-beetles, typical of the tribe 
Plilceocharina. Few species ai'e known, con- 
fined to Europe. 
Phloeophora (fle-of'o-rii), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
6/uMof, bark, + Qepeiv = E. bear 1 .] In Carus's 
classification, an order of protozoans rep- 
resented by the sun-animalcules, Actinophri/- 
idss. 
phloeophorous (fle-of 'o-rus), . Of or pertain- 
ing to the Phloeophora. 
phloeum (fle'um), . [NL., < Gr. <t>foi6c, bark.] 
In bot., the cellular portion of bark lying imme- 
diately under the epidermis. It is also termed 
epiphlceum and bast. [Not used by later author- 
ities.] 
phlogistian (flo-jis'ti-an), n. [< phlogist-on + 
-Jan.] A believer in the existence of phlogiston. 
phlogistic (flo-jis'tik), a. [< phlogiston + -ic.'] 
1. Pertaining or relating to phlogiston. 
The mistakes committed in the celebrated pldotjistu 
theory. J. S. Mill, Logic, v. 4. 
2. In med., inflammatory, 
phlogisticatet (flo-jis'ti-kat), v. t. [< phlogistic 
+ -ate 2 .] To combine phlogiston with Phlo- 
gisticated air or gas, the name given by the old chem- 
ists to nitrogen. Phlogisticated alkali, prussiate of 
potash. 
phlogisticationt (flo-jis-ti-ka'shon), re. [= F. 
phlvgisticatiou; as phlogisticate + -ion.] The 
act or process of combining with phlogiston. 
phlogiston (flo-jis'ton), n. [NL., < Gr. Qtoyia- 
T&S, inflammable, burnt up, verbal adj. of fao- 
yi&iv, burn, < 0Adf , a flame : see phlox.] In old 
chem., the supposed principle of inflammabili- 
ty; the matter of fire in composition with oth- 
er bodies. Stahl gave this name to a hypothetical ele- 
ment which he supposed to be pure fire flxed in combusti- 
ble bodies, in order to distinguish it from flre in action or 
in a state of liberty. 
It is only after Stahl's [1660-1734] labors that a scien- 
tific chemistry becomes for the first time possible the 
essential difference between the teaching of the science 
then and now being that the phenomena of combustion 
were then believed to be due to a chemical decomposition, 
phlogiston being supposed to escape, whilst we account 
lor the same phenomena now by a chemical combination 
oxygen or some element being taken up. 
lloscoe and Sckarlemmer, Treatise on Chemistry (1888), 1. 14. 
phlogogenic (flog-o-jen'ik), a. [As phlogoge- 
nous + -ic.] Same as phlogogenous. 
4448 
phlogogenous (flo-goj'e-nus), a. [< Gr. <ft.u% 
(Q'AII-J-), flame, + -yn't/r, producing.] Producing 
inflammation. 
phlogopite (flog'o-pit), n. [< Gr. (jt'^nyu^i (< 0/,of, 
a flame, + u^, the face), fiery-looking, flaming- 
red, + -ite 2 .] A kind of magnesia mica (see 
micift, 1) commonly occurring in crystalline 
limestone and in serpentine. It has often a copper- 
like color and pearly luster ; chemically it is usually char- 
acterized by the presence of a small percentage of fluorin. 
phlogosis (flo-go'sis), . [NL., < Gr. floyuovc, 
a burning, inflammation, < <j>s.6( (Qhoy-), flame: 
see phlox.] In med., inflammation. 
phlogotic (flo-got'ik), a. [< phlogosis (-ot-) + 
-ic.] Pertaining to, characterized by, or of the 
nature of phlogosis ; inflammatory. 
Phlomis (flo'mis), 11. [NL. (Tournefort, 1700), 
< Gr. (jda/iis, also <f>A6ftoc, also corruptly <f>'Aufio<;, 
(jiA6vof, mullen, appar. so called in allusion to 
the use of its thick woolly leaves as wicks (one 
species being called fj>/jt/ii<; ZvrviTi{, ' lamp-mul- 
len'); prob. for orig. 'f&ryfUf, < ip'Aoyfiuf, a flame, 
< Qteyeiv, burn: see phlegm, phlox, flame.] A 
genus of gamopetalous plants of the order La- 
biates, the mint family, belonging to the tribe 
Stachydese and subtribe Lamiese, and character- 
ized by the villous and concave upper lip, the 
plicate calyx, and the densely flowered whorls 
in the axils. There are about 50 species, nativesof the 
Mediterranean region and Asia. They are herbs or shrubs 
with rugose or puckered leaves, often thick and woolly or 
hoary, and sessile yellow, purple, or white flowers. They 
rank among the most showy hardy plants of the mint fam- 
ily. About a dozen species are in common cultivation, 
especially P. fruticosa, the Jerusalem sage (see sage), a half- 
shrubby plant, 3 U) 5 feet high, covered with rusty down, 
and producing many dense whorls of rich-yellow flowers. 
Several other shrubby species from the Mediterranean are 
cultivated under the name Phlomis. P. Herba-venti, the 
wind-herb, is the best of the herbaceous species. P. tube- 
row occurs introduced on the south shore of Lake Ontario. 
See also lampwick, 2, and Jupiter's-dista/. 
phlorizin (flor'i-zin), n. [= F. phloorrhizine ; 
irreg. < Gr. 0taSp/wCoc, having roots covered 
with coats of rind, < f*ot6(, bark, + />/C", root.] 
A substance (C 2 iH 2 4O 10 ) discovered in the 
fresh bark of the root of the apple, pear, cherry, 
and plum. It forms fine colorless four-sided silky 
needles, soluble in water. The solution has a bitter and 
slightly astringent taste. It has been used with success 
in intermittents, and while it is. administered produces 
glycosuria. 
phloroglucin (tto-ro-glo'sin), n. [<l>AIor(Mn) 
+ </lncin.] A substance widely distributed in 
the vegetable kingdom, when pure crystallizing 
in small yellow crystals with the composition 
CH 3 (OH) 3 ; a trivalent phenol. It is used in 
microscopy as one of the best reagents for test- 
ing liguifled cell-walls. 
Phlox (floks), n. [NL. (Linnams, 1737), < L. 
phlox, < Gr. ^Aof , some flower so named from its 
color, a particular use of 0Aof, a flame, < <j>'At- 
yeiv, burn: see flame.] 1. A genus of ornamen- 
tal gamopetalous plants of the order Polemouia- 
ceie, characterized by a deeply three-valved loc- 
ulicidal capsule, included stamens unequally 
inserted on the tube of a salver-shaped corolla, 
and entire leaves. The 30 species are natives of North 
America and Siberia, They are erect or spreading herbs, 
often tall perennials, bearing chiefly opposite leaves, and 
showy flowers usually in a flat or pyramidal cyme, red, 
violet, purplish, white, or blue. Most species are culti- 
vated under the name phlox, P. speciosa as the pride-of- 
Columbia, P. trubulata as the moss-pink. P. macttlata is 
the wild sweet-william of the middle and western United 
States. P. paniculata, with large pyramidal clusters of 
flowers, native of the central and southern States, is the 
parent of most of the perennial phloxes of the gardens. 
The annual varieties in gardens are from P. Drummondii 
of Texas, there discovered by Drummond in 1835. P. 
divarimta is the wild phlox of the eastern States, witli 
early bluish-lilac flowers. P. reptam, the creeping phlox, 
is an important spring-flowering species of the south. 
2. [I. c.] Any plant of this genus. 
phloxin (flok'sin), re. [< Gr. fa6%, flame, + 
-i 2 .] A coal-tar color used in dyeing, similar 
to eosin . It is the potassium salt of tetra-brom- 
dichlor-fluorescein. 
phlox-worm (floks'werm), n. The larva of 
Heliothis phlogophagus, a noctuid moth, closely 
resembling the well-known boll-worm moth of 
the cotton. It feeds upon cultivated varieties 
of phlox, and pupates under ground. See cut 
in next column. 
phlyctena, phlyctaena (flik-te'na), re.; pi. 
phlyctenie, phlycttenie (-ne). [NL. phlyctsena, < 
Gr. fat'KTatva, a blister, pustule, < <j&v&tv, fa'vuv, 
boil over.] A small vesicle. 
phlyctenar, phlyctaenar (aik-te'nar), . [< 
phlyctena, phli/ct&na, + -a>-s.] Affected with 
phlyctena? ; blistered. 
phlyctenoid, phlyctaenoid (flik-te'noid), a. [< 
Gr. fASuraoia, blister, + eiAur, form.] Resem- 
bling a phlyctena. 
phocacean 
Phlox-wc.rm and Moth (Iffltftkis phlogophagus}, natural size. 
phlyctenous, phlyctaenous (flik-te'nus), . [< 
pMnrteno, jilili/i'tii'ini, + -<>us.] Pertaining to, 
exhibiting, or of the nature of a phlyctena or 
phlyctente. 
phlyctenula, phlyctaenula (flik-ten'u-lii), n .\ 
pi. phlyctatula?, iililiict'iinlie(-\e). [NL'., d'irn. of 
phlyctena, plilyctsena.] In med., a minute phlyc- 
tena in the conjunctiva or the cornea. 
phlyctenular, phlyctsenular (tlik-u-n'u-lar), a. 
[< phlyctenula, phlyctaenula, + -ar 3 .] Pertain- 
ing to, of the nature of, or accompanied by 
phlyctenulse Phlyctenular ophthalmia, inflam- 
mation of the cornea or the conjunctiva with phlyctenulte 
on the cornea. 
phlyzacium (fli-za'si-um), n. ; pi. pMyzaeia (-a). 
[NL.,< Gr. 0/.ufd/c(ov, a pimple, pustule, <. <f&vC,ttv, 
Aiieiv, boil over.] A phlyctena. 
pho, interj. A bad spelling of /oft. 
phobanthropy (fo-ban'thro-pi), n. [< Gr. <j>o- 
[leioOai, fear (< 0<J/5of, fear), T &v6pum>c, man.] 
A morbid dread of mankind. Westmimter Sev. 
phobophobia (fo-bo-fo'bi-a), n. [NL., < Gr. 0o- 
fttiaffai, fear (< (j>Afiof, fear), + ^o/Jof, fear.] 
Morbid dread of being alarmed. 
Phobos (fo'bos), n. [NL., < Gr. <W/3of, Fear, a 
companion of Ares or Mars (War) ; a personi- 
fication of 0<i/3of, fear, terror, dismay, < 6i/]fa- 
Oai, be scared, fear, flee. Cf. Deimos.] The in- 
ner of the two satellites of the planet Mars, dis- 
covered by Asaph Hall at Washington, in Au- 
gust, 1877. This extraordinary body revolves in the plane 
of the equator of Mars, at a distance of only about 3,700 
miles from the surface of the planet, but as it is probably 
only about five and a half miles in diameter, it would ap- 
pear only one sixth of the apparent diameter of our moon 
at the zenith, and on the horizon, owing to the enormous 
parallax, only about one fourteenth of the same. At the 
equinoxes it is in eclipse about one fifth of the time, 
or double that proportion of the time between sunset 
and sunrise. At the solstices it does not suffer eclipse. 
It revolves about its primary in 7 hours, 39 minutes, and 
14 seconds, and as Mars revolves on its axis in 24 hours, 
37 minutes, and 22.7 seconds, it follows that the satel- 
lite appears to an observer on Mars to rise in the west and 
set in the east, its return to his meridian occurring in 11 
hours, 6 minutes, and 23 seconds, but, owing to its close 
proximity, its velocity will appear to be much greater. At a 
station on the equator of liars(where the satellite always 
passes through the zenith), it will, out of its 11 hours and (i 
minutes of period, pass only 3 hours and 20 minutes above 
the horizon against 7 hours and 46 minutes below. 
phoca (fo'ka), 11. [= F.phoque = Sp. It. /oca 
= Pg. phoca, < L. plioca, < Gr. 0<Gra?, a seal.] 1. 
A seal. 2. [cop.] [NL.] A genus of Phocidse 
or seals, formerly coextensive at least with the 
Common Harbor-seal (Phofa vifulinti). 
family, now restricted to the section which is 
represented by the common harbor-seal, P. 
vitulina, and a few closely related species. See 
seal 1 , and cut under liarp-seal. 
phocacean (fo-ka'se-an), (i. and n. [< phoca + 
-acean.~] I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to the ge- 
nus Phoca in a broad sense ; phocine. 
II. 11. A seal of the genus J'lionn in a broad 
sense ; a phocine. 
