phonotypically 
phonptypically (fo-no-tip'i-kal-i), adr. Ac- 
cording to or as regards phonotypy ; in pho- 
notypic characters. Ellin. Early Eng. Pronun- 
ciation, IV. 1182. 
phonotypist (fo'no-ti-pist), . [< pkonotyp-y + 
-ist.~\ An advocate of phonotypy; one who 
practises phonotypy. 
phonotypy (fo'no-tl-pi), . [< Gr. tjtuvij, sound, 
voice, 4- ri'Trof,' mark, type: see type.] A 
method of representing eacli of the sounds of 
speech by a distinct printed character or letter ; 
phonetic, printing. 
phoot, inter}. Same as jilm. 
Phora (fo'rii), 11. [NL. (Latreille, 1796), < Gr. 
<t>opof, bearing, carrying, < Qipeiv = E. bear 1 .] In 
entom., the typical genus of PhorifJse, containing 
many small active flies whose habits are those 
of scavengers or, rarely, of parasites. They 
feed usually on fungi and decaying vegetation. 
Also called Noda. 
Phoradendron (fo-ra-don'dron), it. [NL. (Nut- 
tall, 1848), so called as being parasitic on trees; 
< Gr. <t>ap (= L. fur), a thief, + Mvjpov, a tree.] 
A genus of apetalous plants, the American 
mistletoes, of the order Loranthaceee and tribe 
Viscese, characterized by the erect anthers sub- 
sessile on the base of the calyx-lobes, verti- 
cally two-celled and opening by a longitudinal 
slit. The 80 species are all American, widely scattered 
through the warmer regions, extending into the United 
American Mistletoe {Pltora<tenciro,tjl(ivesceits\. 
a t branch with the male inflorescence : 6, branch with the fruit. 
States to New Jersey, and especially found in the west, and 
southward into the Argentine Republic. They are shrubby 
yellowish-green parasites, generally with abundant short 
much-jointed branches, flat opposite thickish leaves, and 
terminal or axillary jointed spikes of small sessile and im- 
mersed flowers in several or many rows. f. flavescent ex- 
tends north to New Jersey, on various trees, especially the 
sour-gum (ffygsa sylvatica), and is often destructive to the 
tree, as in cases of growth on elms, hickories, and wild 
cherries. (See mistletoe, 2.) It is used as a substitute for 
the European mistletoe. 
phoranthium (fo-ran'thi-um), n. ; pi. phoran- 
tliin (-a). [NL., < Gr. yopAs, bearing (< tyipeiv = 
E. bear 1 ), + av6o$, flower.] In hot., same as cli- 
nanthhim. 
phorbeia (for-bi'a), n. [NL., < Gr. ipopfteia, a 
mouth-band, a halter by which a horse is tied 
to the manger, < <tx>p/]i/, pasture, fodder, < qip- 
ftf", feed: see herb.] Same as eapistrum, 1. 
Phoridae (for'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Phora + 
-idle.] A family of cycloraphous Viptera, found- 
ed on the genus Phora. They are small, nearly 
naked humpback flies with one- or two-jointed antenna, 
and large wings with two strong veins and from three to 
five weak cross-veins. They are everywhere numerous, 
and feed in the larval state on all sorts of dead animal and 
vegetable matters, seldom attacking living insects and 
thus becoming parasites. 
phorminx (for'mingks), n. [NL., < Gr. <fr6p/tryt;, 
a kind of lyre, perhaps < Qepeiv, carry, = E. bear 1 , 
as being a portable lyre.] An ancient Greek 
stringed musical instrument ; a cithara or lyre. 
We beat the phorminx till we hurt our thumbs, 
As if still ignorant of counterpoint. 
Mrs. Brmming, Aurora Leigh, i. 
Phormium (for'mi-um), n. [NL. (J. and G. 
Forster, 1776), < Gr. fop^iav, a plant, a kind of 
sage. Cf. Gr. <popftiov, dim. of ^op/iop, a basket, 
mat, < ^epeiv = E. bear 1 .] A genus of liliaceous 
plants of the tribe Hcme- 
rocallese, characterized by 
the tnrbinate form of the 
perianth above its short 
tube, with three lanceo- 
late erect sepals and three 
thinner petals slightly 
spreading at the apex. 
The 2 species, with several va- 
rieties, are natives of New Zea- 
land and Norfolk Island. They 
^T^g^olraS SSgST 
sword-shaped radical leaves 
from a short thickened rootstock. They bear a tall leaf- 
less scape branching at the summit, with erect variegated 
4452 
lurid or yellow and red flowers in a terminal panicle. The 
largest variety produces green and gray leaves from 5 to 6 
feet long, and deep orange-red flowers on n stalk 18 feet 
high. /'. tenax variegata is the New /calami flax (which 
see, under fax, 1 (6)), also called flax-lm*h. It is a very 
beautiful variegated-leafed variety, valuable for lawn 
decoration. The other varieties are cultivated also for 
their beauty, and especially for their fiber the strongest 
vegetable fiber known. The plants are raised from thr 
divided roots or from seeds, and are hardy in England. 
The fiber is now sold for making cordage, paper, etc., and 
gardeners use the leaves as cordage when simply torn into 
shreds. 
Phoronis (fo-ro'nis), n. [NL., < Gr. topuvif, of 
Phoroneus,'< to/xwerj, Phoroneus, a king of Ar- 
gos.] A genus of Gephyrea, typical of the fam- 
ily PhnronMse. They have a circlet of long tentacular 
appendages around the mouth, close to which the anus is 
situated. A pseudohemal system exists, and the fluid is 
said to contain red corpuscles. The embryo is mesotrochal, 
but has also two ciliated hands, one around the anus, the 
other behind the mouth, the latter being produced into a 
fringe of numerous tentaculiform lobes, in which state it 
is the so-called actinotrocha. 
phoronomiat(for-o-no'mi-a),w. [NL.: seepho- 
ronomy.] Same as phorotiomics. 
phoronomics (for-o-nom'iks), n. [< pJioronom-y 
+ -ics.] That branch of mechanics which treats 
of bodies in motion; kinematics; the purely 
geometrical theory of motion. 
plwronomy (fo-ron'o-mi), n. [= Y.phorono- 
mie, < NL. phoronomia, < Gr. (jmpa, motion ( < 
fapetv, carry), + -vo/*z, < vo/Mf, law : see Mow 5 .] 
1. Same &sphoronomics. 
Matter, quantitatively denned, is "the moveable in 
space." In this point of view it is the object of a science 
we may call Phmrmwmy. H. Caird, Philos. of Kant, p. 489. 
2. The inference of force from motion, 
phoroscope (for'o-skop), n. [< Gr. <tmpd, mo- 
tion (< fytptiv = E. beai -1 ),+ mmrelv, view.] An 
instrument for transmitting a visual image to a 
distant point by means of electricity. 
phosgen, phosgene (fos'^en, -Jen), n. [= F. 
phosgene= Pg. phosgeno; irreg. < Gr. <j>us, contr. 
of 0<zof, light, 4- -yevi/f, producing: see -gen.] 
Carbonyl chlorid (COCJ 2 ), a gas formed by the 
action of light on a mixture of carbonic oxid 
and chlorin. Below 8 C. it is a colorless fluid 
with a suffocating odor. 
phosgenite (fos'jen-it), n. [< phosgen + -ite?.] 
A mineral consisting of the chlorid and carbo- 
nate of lead. It occurs in white or yellowish 
tetragonal crystals having an adamantine lus- 
ter. Also called corneous lead. 
phosphate (fos'fat), n. [= F. phosphate = Sp. 
fosfato = Pg. phosphato = It. fosfato; as phos- 
ph(ortts) + -ate 1 .] 1. A salt of phosphoric 
acid. 2. A name given to various mineral de- 
posits which consist largely of calcium or iron 
and alumina phosphates, and are used in the 
manufacture of commercial fertilizers phos- 
phate of iron, a native blue ocher, in color similar to the 
deeper hues of ultramarine ash, but more dull. 
phosphated (fos'fa-ted), a. [< phosphate + 
-erf 2 .] Phosphatic: as. phosphated deposits. 
Nature, XXXIX. 192. 
phosphatic (f os-f at'ik), a. [= F. phosphatiqiic ; 
< phosphate + -ic.] Of the nature of or con- 
taining a phosphate ; characterized by the for- 
mation or presence of a phosphate Phosphatic 
bread, bread made from bolted meal or white flour to 
which nutritive salts which have been removed with the 
bran or gluten coat are restored by the use of an acid phos- 
phate and a carbonated alkali, which, also, by the evolu- 
tion of carbonic acid, lighten or raise the bread. Phos- 
phatic diathesis, in med., the condition of the system 
which evinces itself in phosphaturia. Phosphatic nod- 
ules, concretions and nodules of phosphate of lime, now 
largely used for artificial manure. 
phosphatization (fos"fa-ti-za'shon), n. [<phos- 
pliati:e + -ation.] Conversion info a phosphate, 
or a phosphatic condition. Amer. Geologist, I. 
256. 
phosphatize (fos'fa-tiz), . t.; pret. and pp. 
phosphatizcd, ppr. phosphatieint/. [< phosphate 
+ -ize.] 1. To reduce to the form of a phos- 
phate. 
In most instances these fossils are phosphatized more or 
less completely, in extreme cases to the extent of nearly 
obliterating the organic structure. Science, III. 587. 
2. To treat with phosphates, as with phosphatic 
medicines or fertilizing phosphates. 
phosphaturia^fos-fa-tu'ri-a), n. [NL., < phos- 
jihate + Gr. ovpov, urine.] The presence of an 
excessive quantity of phosphates in the urine. 
phosphene (fos'f en), n. [= F. phosphene; irreg. 
< Gr. <pwf, light, + tyaivnv, show.] The lumi- 
nous image produced by pressing the eyeball 
with the finger or otherwise. It is due to the 
direct mechanical stimulation of the retina. 
Press the finger into the internal corner of the eye' 
you perceive a brilliant colored spectrum in the field of 
view on the opposite or external side. . . . The colored 
spectra have been called phosphenes. Le Conte, Sight, p. 67. 
phosphorescent 
phosphide (fos'fid or -fid), n. 
-itlcf.] A combination of phosphorus with a 
single element: as, jiliospMde of iron or copper. 
phosphine (fos'h'n),. [<.phospk(onu) + -intf.] 
Same as pkotpluireted Injili-oyeii (which see, 
under jiliiinplnirrtc(l). 
phosphite (fos'fit), n. [= F. phosphite = Sp. 
fomto = Pg. phoxpliito; as pho,tph(oru,f) + 
-it<; 2 .] A salt of phosphorous acid. 
phosphochalcite (fos-fo-kal'sit), . [< /i7io- 
pho(riix) + flialeitin.] Hydrous phosphate of 
copper. Spe pscndomahicliitc. 
Phosphor (fos'for), n. [= F. Phosplinre = Sp. 
Fdsfoni = P,'. I'ln>fipli/-ii.\i. Ji'oxfiirn, Phosphor 
(in def. 2, F. phoxpliore = Sp. ffoforo = Pg. 
phoxplioro = H.fnfifiini = Dan. Svr.fonfor, <NL. 
phmpliorim, phosphorus), < L. Phosphorus, < Gr. 
hoopoe, Lucifer, the morning star, < tjiuafyopaf, 
bringing light, < ttix;, coutr. of 0aof, light (< <t>aeii', 
shine : see phase 1 ), + -<popof, < tyepeiv, bring, = E. 
bear 1 . Cf. the equiv. Lucifer.] 1. The morning 
star, or Lucifer; the planet Venus, when it pre- 
cedes the sun and shines in the morning. 
They saw this Phosphor's Infant-light, and knew 
It bravely usher'd in a Sun as New. 
Cowley, Davideis, ii. 
Bright 1'honphor, fresher for the night, 
By thee the world's great work is heard 
Beginning. Tennyson, in Memoriam, cxxi. 
2f. [I- r -] Phosphorus. 
Of lambent flame you have whole sheets in a handful of 
phosphor. Addition. 
phosphorate (fos'fo-rat), v. t.; pret. and pp. 
phosphora ted, ppr. phosphorating, [(.phosphorus 
+ -ate 2 .] To combine or impregnate with 
phosphorus.- Phosphorated olL See oil. 
phosphor-bronze (fos'for-bronz), n. See bronze. 
phosphor-copper (fos'for-kop"er), n. A com- 
bination of phosphorus with copper, prepared 
by the reduction of phosphate of copper in a 
graphite crucible, or in some other similar way, 
for use in making phosphor-bronze. 
phosphoreoust (fos-fo're-us), a. [< phosphor + 
-eons.] Same as phosphorescent. J'einiaiit. 
phosphoresce (fos-fo-res'), v. i. ; pret. and pp. 
phosphoresced, ppr. phosphorescing. [< phox- 
phor + -esee.] To shine, as phosphorus, by ex- 
hibiting a faint light without sensible heat; 
give out a phosphorescent light. 
phosphorescence (fos-fo-res'ens), .. [= F. 
phoresceneia = It. fosforesccnza ; as phospho- 
rescen(t) + -ce.] The state or character of be- 
ing phosphorescent; the property which certain 
bodies possess of becoming luminous without 
\indergoing combustion. Phosphorescence is some- 
times a chemical, sometimes a physical action. When 
chemical, it consists essentially in slow oxidation attended 
with evolution of light, as in the case of phosphorus. 
When physical, it consists in the continuation of the mo- 
lecular vibrations causing the emission of light after the 
body has ceased to be exposed to the light-radiation (or, 
more generally, radiant energy) to which this motion is 
due ; this is seen in the case of the diamond, chlorophane, 
sugar, barium and calcium sulphids, and many other sub- 
stances. Phosphorescence is also produced in some crys- 
tals (diamond, calcite, etc.) by exposure to the electrical 
discharge in a vacuum-tube. The phosphorescence of the 
sea is produced by the scintillating or phosphorescent 
light emitted from the bodies of certain marine animals. 
The luminosity of plants is a condition under which cer- 
tain plants (always, so far as now known, Tkallopkytes) 
evolve light. The so-called luminosity or phosphorescence 
of decaying wood is due to the presence of the mycelium 
of Agaricug rnelleus. Other luminous fungi are Ayaricus 
olearius, A. ipneus, A. noctUug, and A. Gardneri. Various 
algae and diatoms also exhibit this phenomenon. Bee cut 
under Noctiluca. 
What is correctly termed phosphorescence has nothing 
to do with phosphorus, but it is merely a species of fluo- 
rescence. Tail, Light, 204. 
phosphorescent (fos-fo-res'ent), a. and n. [= 
F.pkosphoregetn t = Sp. /unforeseen te = Pg. phos- 
pkoi'escente = It. fosforescente; as phosphor + 
-escent. Cf. phosphoresce.] I. a. Shining with 
a faint light or luminosity like that of phos- 
phorus ; luminous without sensible heat. Vari- 
ous animals are phosphorescent ; as, among infusorians, 
the noctilucas (see cut under Xoctiluca) ; among polyps. 
certain sea-pens (Pennatitla phosphtrrea, for example) ; 
among insects, the glow-worm and other beetles of the 
family Lampyridee (see cuts under firefly, Lamjnjris, and 
li(fhtning-biip\ and many bugs of the family Fitlgoridte 
(see cut under lantern-fly); among ascidians, the pyro- 
somes or flrebodies ; and some Ashes. A number of min- 
eral substances exhibit a similar property after having 
been exposed to a bright light, though from a different 
cause, as calcium chlorid, anhydrous calcium nitrate, the 
sulphids of barium, strontium, calcium (luminous paint X 
the diamond, some vatieties of fluor-spar, apatite, borax, 
and many other substances. Some mineral bodies become 
phosphorescent when strongly heated, as a piece of lime. 
see phosphorescence. Phosphorescent dial, paint, 
photograph, etc. See the nouns. 
II. H. A substance having the property of 
phosphorescence, or luminosity without heat. 
